English
16 chapters
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Composition
8 classes
Planning a Composition of 300 to 350 Words
Narrative Composition: Telling a Story with a Beginning, Middle and End
Descriptive Composition: Painting a Picture of a Person, Place or Scene
Report Writing: Facts, Order and Objective Tone
Expository Composition: Explaining a Process or an Idea
Argumentative Composition: Presenting and Defending a Point of View
Opening, Paragraphing and Concluding a Composition
Revising a Composition for Accuracy, Style and Word Limit
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Letter
6 classes
Formal and Friendly Letters: How They Differ
Layout of a Formal Letter: Addresses, Date, Salutation and Close
Writing a Letter of Request, Complaint or Application
Writing a Friendly Letter: Warm Tone and Natural Language
Choosing Vocabulary and Tone for the Reader
Letter Practice: Planning, Writing and Checking
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Notice
6 classes
Writing Task
Let Us Write: A Notice; Let Us Explore: Amrit Udyan and a Herbarium
An Exemplary Leader: E-mail Writing and the Thumba Story
Let us write: A Notice about the Annual Health Check-up
Writing a Notice from Given Directions: Heading, Date, Body and Signature
From Notice to E-mail: Subject Line, Salutation and Tone
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Unseen prose passage
6 classes
Reading a 500-word Unseen Passage with Understanding
Finding Meanings of Words from Context
Vocabulary Questions: Synonyms, Phrases and Word Usage
Writing Short Answers to Questions on a Passage
Making Notes from a Passage
Writing a Summary in Your Own Words
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Functional grammar, structure and usage
18 classes
Mrs Brown Reads the Words Literally, and 'Under the Fifth Word'
Let Us Learn: Relative Words, and Combining Two Sentences into One
Let Us Learn: Direct Speech into Reported Speech
Reporting a Whole Conversation; Let Us Listen: Five Ways to Observe Better
Let Us Learn: Participles and Gerunds, and How to Tell Them Apart
Let us think and reflect II (3 to 5), and Let us learn I: Three Kinds of Compound Word
Let us learn IV and V: Palindromes, and Underlining the Verbs
Let us learn VI and Let us listen: Present Perfect Practice, and Dr. Dolittle’s New Clinic
Let us learn I and II: take up, take after, take in, take over, take off
Six Pairs of Confusable Verbs, and Simple Past against Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous Practice, and the Four Kinds of Sentence
BRAVEHEARTS — part 9
Phrasal Verbs in the Function Paragraph, and III: Five Idioms from the Story
Prepositions of Time, Place and Direction
Prepositions Used with Verbs, Adjectives and Nouns
Conjunctions: Joining Words, Phrases and Clauses
Verbs and Tenses in Sentences
Sentence Structure: Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences
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Julius Caesar - William Shakespeare (Acts I & II)
10 classes
Julius Caesar: The Play, the Playwright and the Roman Setting
Julius Caesar, Act 1 Scene 1: The Tribunes and the Holiday Crowd
Julius Caesar, Act 1 Scene 2: The Feast of Lupercal and the Soothsayer's Warning
Julius Caesar, Act 1 Scene 2: Cassius Works on Brutus
Julius Caesar, Act 1 Scene 3: The Stormy Night and the Conspirators' Plan
Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scene 1: Brutus in His Orchard and the Decision to Join
Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scene 1: The Conspirators Meet, and Portia Pleads
Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scenes 2 and 3: Calpurnia's Dream and Caesar's Choice
Brutus, Cassius and Caesar: Character Study
Themes of Act 1 and Act 2: Ambition, Honour and Omens
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Bonku Babu's Friend - Satyajit Ray
5 classes
Bonku Babu's Friend: Meeting the Writer and the Hero
Bonku Babu's Friend: A Quiet Teacher and an Unusual Visitor
Bonku Babu's Friend: What the Visitor Brings to a Small Town
Bonku Babu's Friend: Themes of Friendship and Imagination
Bonku Babu's Friend: Understanding the Story Through Questions
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Oliver Asks for More - Charles Dickens
5 classes
Oliver Asks for More: The Author and the Workhouse Setting
Oliver Asks for More: A Hungry Child and a Bold Request
Oliver Asks for More: How the Master and the Board React
Oliver Asks for More: Humour, Irony and Social Criticism
Oliver Asks for More: Understanding the Story Through Questions
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The Model Millionaire - Oscar Wilde
5 classes
The Model Millionaire: The Author and the Story's Setting
The Model Millionaire: A Poor Young Man and a Painter Friend
The Model Millionaire: The Beggar in the Studio and an Act of Kindness
The Model Millionaire: The Surprise Ending
The Model Millionaire: Theme, Irony and Character Study
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Home-coming - Rabindranath Tagore
5 classes
Home-coming: The Author and the Village Setting
Home-coming: A Restless Boy and His Group of Friends
Home-coming: Leaving for the City and Life in an Uncle's House
Home-coming: Illness, Longing and the Ending
Home-coming: Themes of Childhood, Belonging and Neglect
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The Boy who Broke the Bank - Ruskin Bond
5 classes
The Boy Who Broke the Bank: The Author and the Story's Setting
The Boy Who Broke the Bank: A Young Man at the Bank Counter
The Boy Who Broke the Bank: A Mistake That Grows into a Crisis
The Boy Who Broke the Bank: Honesty, Humour and the Resolution
The Boy Who Broke the Bank: Understanding the Story Through Questions
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The Night Mail - W.H. Auden
4 classes
The Night Mail: The Poet and the Poem's Setting
The Night Mail: Rhythm That Imitates a Moving Train
The Night Mail: The Journey, the Letters and the People Who Wait
The Night Mail: Sound Devices, Imagery and Theme
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Skimbleshanks: The Railway Cat - T.S. Eliot
4 classes
Skimbleshanks: The Poet and the Railway Cat
Skimbleshanks: The Cat's Duties on the Night Train
Skimbleshanks: Humour, Rhyme and Refrain
Skimbleshanks: Theme and Understanding Through Questions
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I Remember, I Remember - Thomas Hood
4 classes
I Remember, I Remember: The Poet and the Childhood Home
I Remember, I Remember: Memories of the House, Garden and Trees
I Remember, I Remember: Nostalgia and the Changed Mood of the Ending
I Remember, I Remember: Poetic Devices and Theme
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A Doctor's Journal Entry for August 6, 1945 - Vikram Seth
4 classes
A Doctor's Journal Entry: The Poet and the Day of August 6, 1945
A Doctor's Journal Entry: The Doctor's Morning and the Blast
A Doctor's Journal Entry: Suffering in the Ruined City
A Doctor's Journal Entry: Tone, Imagery and the Poem's Message
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A Work of Artifice - Marge Piercy
4 classes
A Work of Artifice: The Poet and the Image of the Bonsai
A Work of Artifice: The Gardener's Care and What It Costs the Tree
A Work of Artifice: Symbolism, Tone and Theme
A Work of Artifice: Understanding the Poem Through Questions
Ao Naga
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Planning a Composition in Ao Naga: Choosing a Subject
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Ao Naga
Writing Descriptions in Ao Naga
Writing Narratives in Ao Naga
Composition Practice: Paragraphing, Expression and Revision
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Letter
4 classes
Letter Writing in Ao Naga: Layout and Address
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter
Writing the Conclusion and Closing of a Letter
Letter Practice: Choosing One of Two Subjects
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Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage in Ao Naga: Finding the Main Idea
Understanding Details and Meaning of Words in Context
Answering Comprehension Questions in Ao Naga
Comprehension Practice with a 250-word Passage
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Grammar
5 classes
Ao Naga Vocabulary: Word Meaning and Use
Ao Naga Syntax: Word Order and Sentence Patterns
Idioms and Common Expressions in Ao Naga
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Sentence Construction
Formation of Sentences in Ao Naga
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Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Approaching the Prescribed Texts: Reading Plan for Class 9
First Prescribed Text: Reading and Understanding the Class 9 Portion
First Prescribed Text: Answering Questions on the Class 9 Portion
Second Prescribed Text: Reading and Understanding the Class 9 Portion
Second Prescribed Text: Answering Questions on the Class 9 Portion
Assamese
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Writing a Short Composition in Assamese: Choosing a Subject
Narrative Composition in Assamese: Telling an Event in Order
Descriptive Composition in Assamese: Places, People and Scenes
Explanations and Directions in Assamese: Writing Clear Instructions
Planning, Drafting and Revising a Assamese Composition
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Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Assamese: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Assamese Letter
Concluding a Assamese Letter and Choosing Between Two Subjects
Practice: Formal and Personal Letters in Assamese
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Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Assamese Passage for the Main Idea
Answering Questions on a Assamese Passage in Your Own Words
Vocabulary and Inference in Assamese Comprehension
Practice: Full Comprehension Passages in Assamese
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Grammar
5 classes
Assamese Vocabulary in Use: Word Meanings and Opposites
Sentence Structure and Syntax in Assamese
Idioms and Proverbs in Assamese
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Assamese
Forming Correct Sentences in Assamese: Practice
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Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Preparing the Assamese Prescribed Texts: How to Read Closely
Assamese Prescribed Prose: Summary, Characters and Message
Assamese Prescribed Poetry: Meaning, Imagery and Theme
Answering Text-based Questions in Assamese
Revision of the Class IX Assamese Texts
Bengali
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Composition in Bengali: Planning, Drafting and Revising
Descriptive Composition in Bengali
Narrative Composition in Bengali
Composition in Bengali on Explanations and Directions
Choosing a Topic and Writing a Short Composition in Bengali
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Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Bengali: Address, Introduction and Conclusion
Writing an Informal Letter in Bengali
Writing a Formal Letter in Bengali
Choosing Between Two Letter Topics in Bengali
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Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage in Bengali: Method
Finding Main Ideas and Details in an Unseen Bengali Passage
Answering Questions in Bengali on an Unseen Passage
Vocabulary in Context in an Unseen Bengali Passage
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Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary and Word Formation in Bengali
Sentence Construction and Syntax in Bengali
Idioms and Phrases in Bengali
Synthesis of Sentences in Bengali
Forming Different Kinds of Sentences in Bengali
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Prescribed Texts
4 classes
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Prose Piece in Bengali
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Poem in Bengali
Answering Questions on the Prescribed Bengali Texts
Themes and Characters in the Prescribed Bengali Texts
Bhutia
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Writing a Descriptive Composition in Bhutia: People, Places and Festivals
Writing a Narrative Composition in Bhutia: Telling an Event or Story
Giving Directions and Short Explanations in Bhutia
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Bhutia Composition
Revising a Bhutia Composition for Clarity and Correctness
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Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Bhutia Letter: Address, Salutation and Introduction
Closing a Bhutia Letter: Conclusion and Subscription
Formal and Informal Letters in Bhutia
Writing a Letter on a Given Subject: Choosing Between Two Topics
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Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Bhutia Passage of About 250 Words
Finding the Main Idea and Key Details in an Unseen Passage
Understanding Unfamiliar Words from Context in Bhutia Passages
Answering Comprehension Questions in Bhutia in Full Sentences
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Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary in Use: Choosing the Right Bhutia Word
Syntax in Bhutia: Word Order in Simple and Compound Sentences
Idioms and Proverbs in Bhutia and Their Meanings
Synthesis of Sentences: Joining Short Sentences into One
Forming Correct Bhutia Sentences from Given Words
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Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading Prescribed Bhutia Prose: Understanding the Story and Its Characters
Reading Prescribed Bhutia Poetry: Meaning, Imagery and Feeling
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Text: Reference to the Context
Theme, Message and Values in the Prescribed Texts
Writing Model Answers on the Prescribed Texts
Dzongkha
5 chapters
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Composition
6 classes
Planning a Dzongkha Composition: Choosing a Subject and Making Notes
Writing Short Descriptions of People, Places and Objects in Dzongkha
Writing Directions and Short Explanations in Dzongkha
Narrative Writing in Dzongkha: Beginning, Middle and End
Building Paragraphs and Linking Sentences in Dzongkha
Revising and Correcting a Finished Dzongkha Composition
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Letter
6 classes
Parts of a Letter in Dzongkha: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter in Dzongkha
Concluding a Letter in Dzongkha: Closing Phrases and Signature
Writing a Personal Letter to a Friend or Relative in Dzongkha
Writing a Formal Letter of Request or Complaint in Dzongkha
Choosing between Two Letter Subjects and Planning the Answer
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Comprehension
6 classes
Reading an Unseen Dzongkha Passage Closely for Main Ideas
Finding Details and Meanings of Words from Context in Dzongkha
Answering Short Questions on a Passage in Dzongkha
Answering Reasoning and Inference Questions in Dzongkha
Writing Complete and Accurate Answers in Dzongkha
Timed Practice with a 250-Word Unseen Passage
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Grammar
7 classes
Dzongkha Vocabulary: Word Groups and Everyday Usage
Parts of Speech and Word Order in Dzongkha Sentences
Verb Forms and Tense Markers in Dzongkha
Common Idioms and Expressions in Dzongkha
Forming Statements, Questions and Negatives in Dzongkha
Joining Short Sentences into Longer Ones in Dzongkha
Correcting Errors in Dzongkha Sentences
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Prescribed Texts
7 classes
Approaching the Prescribed Dzongkha Texts: Reading Plan for the Class 9 Portion
First Prescribed Textbook: Understanding the Selections and Their Themes
First Prescribed Textbook: Characters, Language and Style
Second Prescribed Textbook: Understanding the Selections and Their Themes
Second Prescribed Textbook: Characters, Language and Style
Answering Textbook Questions in Dzongkha: Short and Long Answers
Comparing Themes and Values across the Two Prescribed Textbooks
Garo
5 chapters
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Composition
6 classes
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Garo Composition
Writing Short Explanations in Garo
Writing Clear Directions in Garo
Describing People, Places and Objects in Garo
Narrative Composition in Garo: Beginning, Middle and Ending
Revising and Polishing Your Garo Composition
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Letter
5 classes
Formal and Informal Letters in Garo: Knowing the Difference
Letter Layout in Garo: Address, Date, Salutation and Closing
Writing the Introduction and the Conclusion of a Letter in Garo
Choosing One of Two Letter Subjects and Planning the Content
Writing and Checking a Complete Letter in Garo
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Comprehension
5 classes
Reading an Unseen Garo Passage for Its Main Idea
Finding Facts and Details in a 250-Word Passage
Working Out the Meaning of Words and Phrases from Context in Garo
Answering Passage Questions in Full Sentences in Garo
Timed Practice with an Unseen Garo Passage
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Grammar
6 classes
Building Garo Vocabulary: Meanings, Opposites and Word Families
Sentence Structure and Word Order in Garo
Idioms and Common Expressions in Garo
Forming Sentences from Given Words in Garo
Joining Simple Sentences: Synthesis in Garo
Revision: Spotting and Correcting Errors in Garo Sentences
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Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Getting to Know the Two Prescribed Garo Textbooks
First Textbook: Reading the Prose Lessons and Their Themes
First Textbook: Poems, Imagery and Meaning
Second Textbook: Reading the Prose Lessons and Their Themes
Second Textbook: Poems, Imagery and Meaning
Writing Answers to Questions on the Prescribed Texts
Gujarati
5 chapters
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Composition
4 classes
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Gujarati Composition
Writing Short Narratives in Gujarati
Writing Descriptions in Gujarati
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Gujarati
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Letter
3 classes
Layout of a Letter: Address, Opening and Closing
Writing a Friendly Letter in Gujarati
Writing a Formal Letter in Gujarati
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Comprehension
3 classes
Reading an Unseen Gujarati Passage for Meaning
Answering Questions on an Unseen Passage in Gujarati
Practice with a 250-word Unseen Passage
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Grammar
5 classes
Gujarati Vocabulary: Word Meanings and Opposites
Idioms and Their Use in Gujarati
Syntax: Word Order and Sentence Patterns
Synthesis of Sentences
Formation of Sentences from Given Words
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Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading the First Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Studying the First Prescribed Text: Themes and Characters
Reading the Second Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Studying the Second Prescribed Text: Themes and Characters
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Texts
Hindi
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Choosing a Composition Subject and Planning Your Ideas in Hindi
Writing a Short Explanation or Set of Directions in Hindi
Writing a Description in Hindi
Writing a Narrative in Hindi
Organising and Polishing a Hindi Composition
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Letter
5 classes
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects
Layout of a Hindi Letter: Address, Salutation and Date
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Hindi Letter
Closing a Hindi Letter
Formal and Personal Letters in Hindi: Practice
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Comprehension
3 classes
Reading a 250-word Unseen Passage in Hindi for the Main Idea
Answering Comprehension Questions in Hindi in Your Own Words
Finding Details and Drawing Inferences from a Hindi Passage
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Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary Building in Hindi: Word Meanings and Word Use
Idioms and Proverbs in Hindi
Sentence Syntax in Hindi: Word Order and Agreement
Synthesis of Sentences: Joining Simple Sentences
Formation of Sentences from Given Words
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Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Approaching the Prescribed Hindi Prose Text: Reading for Story and Meaning
Prescribed Hindi Prose: Characters, Events and Setting
Approaching the Prescribed Hindi Poetry Text: Reading for Meaning and Feeling
Prescribed Hindi Poetry: Imagery, Theme and the Poet's Message
Answering the Four Questions on the Prescribed Texts
Revising the Class IX Portion of the Prescribed Texts
Kannada
5 chapters
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Composition
6 classes
Planning a Kannada Composition: Choosing a Subject and Gathering Points
Kannada Composition: Narrative Writing
Kannada Composition: Descriptive Writing
Kannada Composition: Short Explanations and Directions
Opening, Development and Closing of a Kannada Composition
Revising and Checking a Kannada Composition
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Letter
6 classes
Layout of a Kannada Letter: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Kannada Letter
Concluding and Closing a Kannada Letter
Personal Letters in Kannada
Formal Letters in Kannada
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects: Practice in Kannada
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Comprehension
6 classes
Reading an Unseen Kannada Passage of About 250 Words
Finding the Main Idea and Key Details in a Kannada Passage
Understanding Words and Phrases from Context in Kannada
Answering Comprehension Questions in Kannada, in Your Own Words
Drawing Inferences from a Kannada Passage
Timed Practice with Unseen Kannada Passages
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Grammar
6 classes
Kannada Vocabulary: Word Meanings and Correct Usage
Kannada Sentence Structure and Word Order (Syntax)
Kannada Idioms and Their Meanings
Synthesis: Joining Short Kannada Sentences into One
Forming Correct Kannada Sentences
Kannada Grammar Mixed Practice
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Prescribed Texts
7 classes
The Kannada Prescribed Texts and How the Questions Are Set
Reading a Kannada Prose Piece: Theme, Characters and Events
Reading a Kannada Poem: Meaning, Imagery and Feeling
Word Meanings and Language Study from the Prescribed Kannada Texts
Answering Questions on a Prose Text in Kannada
Answering Questions on a Poem in Kannada
Revising Two Prescribed Kannada Texts for the Paper
Kashmiri
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Planning a Kashmiri composition: topic, outline and opening
Writing a short explanation or set of directions in Kashmiri
Describing a person, place or object in Kashmiri
Writing a narrative in Kashmiri with a clear beginning, middle and end
Revising a Kashmiri composition for spelling and sentence flow
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Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Kashmiri letter: address, date, greeting and closing
Writing a personal letter in Kashmiri: news, wishes and invitations
Writing a formal letter in Kashmiri: request or complaint
Choosing between two letter subjects and planning the content
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Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an unseen Kashmiri passage of about 250 words for the main idea
Finding facts and details in a Kashmiri passage to answer questions
Inference and vocabulary questions on a Kashmiri passage
Writing answers in Kashmiri in complete sentences
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Grammar
5 classes
Kashmiri vocabulary: word families, opposites and word meaning in context
Kashmiri sentence structure: word order and agreement
Kashmiri idioms and common expressions in use
Combining short Kashmiri sentences into one
Forming correct Kashmiri sentences from given words
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Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Prescribed Kashmiri text 1: reading the Class IX portion and understanding its theme
Prescribed Kashmiri text 1: characters, events and message
Prescribed Kashmiri text 1: answering long and short questions
Prescribed Kashmiri text 2: reading the Class IX portion and understanding its theme
Prescribed Kashmiri text 2: characters, events and message
Prescribed Kashmiri text 2: answering long and short questions
Khasi
5 chapters
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Composition
5 classes
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Composition in Khasi
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Khasi
Writing Descriptions of People, Places and Events
Writing Short Narratives with a Beginning, Middle and End
Polishing a Composition: Sentences, Spelling and Paragraphs
▶
Letter
5 classes
Layout of a Letter: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter
Concluding a Letter and Signing Off Correctly
Writing a Personal Letter to a Friend or Relative
Writing a Formal or Request Letter
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage of About 250 Words
Finding Main Ideas and Details in a Passage
Answering Comprehension Questions in Khasi
Vocabulary in Context and Meaning of Words
Timed Practice with Unseen Passages
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Building Vocabulary: Word Families and Opposites
Parts of Speech and Sentence Structure in Khasi
Idioms and Proverbs and How to Use Them
Joining Short Sentences into Longer Ones
Forming Correct Sentences from Given Words
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
How the Prescribed Texts Are Examined
Understanding the First Prescribed Text: Story and Characters
Understanding the Second Prescribed Text: Theme and Message
Answering Questions on Prose and Verse Passages
Writing Answers with Reference to the Text
Kokborok
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Writing a Descriptive Composition in Kokborok: People, Places and Festivals
Writing a Narrative Composition in Kokborok: Telling an Event or Story
Giving Directions and Short Explanations in Kokborok
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Kokborok Composition
Revising a Kokborok Composition for Clarity and Correctness
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Kokborok Letter: Address, Salutation and Introduction
Closing a Kokborok Letter: Conclusion and Subscription
Formal and Informal Letters in Kokborok
Writing a Letter on a Given Subject: Choosing Between Two Topics
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Kokborok Passage of About 250 Words
Finding the Main Idea and Key Details in an Unseen Passage
Understanding Unfamiliar Words from Context in Kokborok Passages
Answering Comprehension Questions in Kokborok in Full Sentences
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary in Use: Choosing the Right Kokborok Word
Syntax in Kokborok: Word Order in Simple and Compound Sentences
Idioms and Proverbs in Kokborok and Their Meanings
Synthesis of Sentences: Joining Short Sentences into One
Forming Correct Kokborok Sentences from Given Words
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading Prescribed Kokborok Prose: Understanding the Story and Its Characters
Reading Prescribed Kokborok Poetry: Meaning, Imagery and Feeling
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Text: Reference to the Context
Theme, Message and Values in the Prescribed Texts
Writing Model Answers on the Prescribed Texts
Lepcha
5 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Lepcha Composition
Writing Short Narratives in Lepcha
Writing Descriptions in Lepcha
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Lepcha
▶
Letter
3 classes
Layout of a Letter: Address, Opening and Closing
Writing a Friendly Letter in Lepcha
Writing a Formal Letter in Lepcha
▶
Comprehension
3 classes
Reading an Unseen Lepcha Passage for Meaning
Answering Questions on an Unseen Passage in Lepcha
Practice with a 250-word Unseen Passage
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Lepcha Vocabulary: Word Meanings and Opposites
Idioms and Their Use in Lepcha
Syntax: Word Order and Sentence Patterns
Synthesis of Sentences
Formation of Sentences from Given Words
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading the First Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Studying the First Prescribed Text: Themes and Characters
Reading the Second Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Studying the Second Prescribed Text: Themes and Characters
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Texts
Malayalam
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Composition in Malayalam: Planning Ideas and Choosing a Subject
Writing Short Explanations and Descriptions in Malayalam
Writing Directions and Narratives in Malayalam
Organising a Malayalam Composition: Opening, Body and Ending
Revising and Polishing a Malayalam Composition
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Malayalam: Address, Date and Greeting
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter in Malayalam
Concluding a Letter in Malayalam: Closing Words and Signature
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects: Practice Letters in Malayalam
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage in Malayalam: Finding the Main Idea
Understanding Vocabulary in Context in a Malayalam Passage
Answering Direct Questions from a Malayalam Passage
Answering Inference and Summary Questions in Malayalam
Timed Practice with a 250-Word Malayalam Passage
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Malayalam Vocabulary: Word Meanings, Opposites and Word Families
Malayalam Syntax: Word Order and Parts of a Sentence
Malayalam Idioms and Their Use in Sentences
Forming Correct Sentences in Malayalam
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Malayalam
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Prescribed Text One: Reading the Prose Selections and Their Themes
Prescribed Text One: Characters, Events and Messages
Prescribed Text Two: Reading the Poems and Their Meanings
Prescribed Text Two: Language, Imagery and Central Ideas
Answering Textual Questions: Short and Long Answers
Manipuri
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Planning a Manipuri Composition: Choosing a Topic and Gathering Ideas
Writing Manipuri Narrative Compositions with a Clear Beginning, Middle and End
Writing Descriptions of People, Places and Events in Manipuri
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Manipuri
Revising a Manipuri Composition: Spelling, Sentences and Paragraphs
▶
Letter
5 classes
Layout of a Letter in Manipuri: Address, Date, Greeting and Closing
Writing a Friendly Letter in Manipuri
Writing a Formal Letter of Request or Complaint in Manipuri
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects and Planning the Content in Manipuri
Opening and Concluding a Letter in Manipuri: Tone and Courtesy
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
Reading an Unseen Manipuri Passage for Its Main Idea
Finding Facts and Details in a Manipuri Passage
Answering Comprehension Questions in Full Sentences in Manipuri
Understanding Words and Phrases from Context in Manipuri
Timed Practice with Unseen Manipuri Passages
▶
Grammar
6 classes
Manipuri Vocabulary: Word Meanings, Opposites and Word Families
Manipuri Sentence Structure: Word Order and Agreement
Manipuri Idioms and Proverbs and How to Use Them
Forming Sentences from Given Words in Manipuri
Joining Short Sentences into One in Manipuri (Synthesis)
Correcting Common Grammar Errors in Manipuri
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Prescribed Manipuri Texts: Prose Selections and Their Themes
Prescribed Manipuri Texts: Poetry Selections, Imagery and Meaning
Characters, Events and Messages in the Prescribed Manipuri Texts
Answering Textbook Questions on the Prescribed Manipuri Texts
Revising the Prescribed Manipuri Texts for the Examination
Marathi
5 chapters
▶
Composition
6 classes
Planning a Composition: Choosing a Topic and Making an Outline
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in the Language
Descriptive Composition: People, Places and Objects
Narrative Composition: Building a Story with Beginning, Middle and End
Opening and Closing a Composition Well
Revising and Correcting a Composition
▶
Letter
6 classes
Layout of a Letter: Address, Date, Salutation and Subscription
Writing a Formal Letter to an Editor or Official
Writing an Informal Letter to a Friend or Relative
Introduction and Conclusion of a Letter: Opening and Closing Lines
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects and Planning Content
Checking Language and Format in Letters
▶
Comprehension
6 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage of About 250 Words
Finding Facts and Main Idea in a Passage
Understanding Vocabulary in Context
Answering Questions in Complete Sentences in the Language
Inference and Writing Your Own Opinion from a Passage
Timed Practice on Unseen Passages
▶
Grammar
7 classes
Vocabulary Building: Word Meanings, Opposites and Word Families
Sentence Structure and Word Order
Idioms and Proverbs and Their Use
Synthesis: Joining Short Sentences into One
Formation of Sentences from Given Words
Tenses, Case and Verb Forms in Use
Correcting Errors in Sentences
▶
Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Introduction to the Two Prescribed Textbooks (Class IX Portion)
Prose Selections: Theme, Characters and Message
Poetry Selections: Meaning, Imagery and Appreciation
Answering Textbook-Based Questions with Reference to the Text
Language and Style of the Prescribed Writers
Revision of the Prescribed Texts and Writing Answers
Mizo
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Choosing a Subject for a Composition in Mizo
Short Explanations and Directions in Mizo
Describing a Person, Place or Thing in Mizo
Telling a Narrative in Mizo
Planning, Writing and Revising a Full Composition in Mizo
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Mizo: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter in Mizo
Concluding a Letter: Closing Lines and Signature
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects and Writing the Letter
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Mizo Passage for Meaning
Finding Main Ideas and Details in a Passage of 250 Words
Understanding Words and Phrases in Context
Answering Comprehension Questions in Mizo
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary in Mizo: Word Meanings and Word Groups
Syntax: Word Order in Mizo Sentences
Idioms and Expressions in Mizo
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Sentence Construction
Forming Correct Sentences in Mizo
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading the First Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
First Prescribed Text: Characters, Themes and Language
Reading the Second Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Second Prescribed Text: Characters, Themes and Language
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Texts
Nepali
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Planning a Nepali composition: topic, outline and opening
Writing a short explanation or set of directions in Nepali
Describing a person, place or object in Nepali
Writing a narrative in Nepali with a clear beginning, middle and end
Revising a Nepali composition for spelling and sentence flow
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Nepali letter: address, date, greeting and closing
Writing a personal letter in Nepali: news, wishes and invitations
Writing a formal letter in Nepali: request or complaint
Choosing between two letter subjects and planning the content
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an unseen Nepali passage of about 250 words for the main idea
Finding facts and details in a Nepali passage to answer questions
Inference and vocabulary questions on a Nepali passage
Writing answers in Nepali in complete sentences
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Nepali vocabulary: word families, opposites and word meaning in context
Nepali sentence structure: word order and agreement
Nepali idioms and common expressions in use
Combining short Nepali sentences into one
Forming correct Nepali sentences from given words
▶
Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Prescribed Nepali text 1: reading the Class IX portion and understanding its theme
Prescribed Nepali text 1: characters, events and message
Prescribed Nepali text 1: answering long and short questions
Prescribed Nepali text 2: reading the Class IX portion and understanding its theme
Prescribed Nepali text 2: characters, events and message
Prescribed Nepali text 2: answering long and short questions
Odia
5 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Writing a Short Composition in Odia: Choosing a Subject and Planning
Explanations and Directions in Odia
Descriptions and Narratives in Odia
Revising and Polishing a Odia Composition
▶
Letter
3 classes
The Layout of a Odia Letter: Address, Introduction and Conclusion
Writing a Letter in Odia on a Chosen Subject
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects and Checking Your Odia Letter
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Odia Passage for Meaning
Finding Answers in the Passage: Direct and Inferential Questions in Odia
Writing Answers to Comprehension Questions in Odia
Practice with a Odia Passage of About Two Hundred and Fifty Words
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Building Odia Vocabulary: Word Meanings and Word Use
Syntax in Odia: Word Order in a Sentence
Idioms in Odia and Their Meanings
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Sentence Construction in Odia
Forming Correct Sentences in Odia
▶
Prescribed Texts
4 classes
Reading a Prescribed Prose Piece: Theme, Characters and Message
Reading a Prescribed Poem: Meaning, Imagery and Feeling
Language and Style in the Prescribed Texts
Answering Textbook Questions on the Prescribed Texts
Punjabi
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Writing a Short Composition in Punjabi: Choosing a Subject
Narrative Composition in Punjabi: Telling an Event in Order
Descriptive Composition in Punjabi: Places, People and Scenes
Explanations and Directions in Punjabi: Writing Clear Instructions
Planning, Drafting and Revising a Punjabi Composition
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Punjabi: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Punjabi Letter
Concluding a Punjabi Letter and Choosing Between Two Subjects
Practice: Formal and Personal Letters in Punjabi
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Punjabi Passage for the Main Idea
Answering Questions on a Punjabi Passage in Your Own Words
Vocabulary and Inference in Punjabi Comprehension
Practice: Full Comprehension Passages in Punjabi
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Punjabi Vocabulary in Use: Word Meanings and Opposites
Sentence Structure and Syntax in Punjabi
Idioms and Proverbs in Punjabi
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Punjabi
Forming Correct Sentences in Punjabi: Practice
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Preparing the Punjabi Prescribed Texts: How to Read Closely
Punjabi Prescribed Prose: Summary, Characters and Message
Punjabi Prescribed Poetry: Meaning, Imagery and Theme
Answering Text-based Questions in Punjabi
Revision of the Class IX Punjabi Texts
Sanskrit
5 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Composition: Planning and Writing a Short Descriptive Paragraph in Sanskrit
Composition: Narrating a Short Story in Sanskrit
Composition: Writing About a Person, Place or Festival in Sanskrit
Composition: Using Words, Verbs and Vibhakti Correctly in Sanskrit Writing
▶
Letter
9 classes
Informal Letter (अनौपचारिकम् पत्रम्): Writing to a Younger Brother about Yoga Day
Formal Application (औपचारिकम् पत्रम्): Leave because of Fever
Formal Requests with Reasons: Sister's Wedding Leave and Waiving a Fine
Informal Letters that Describe: Kashmir, e-Money and Heavy Rain
Letters with a Word-Box (मञ्जूषा): Completing and Composing Letters
(क) अनौपचारिकम् पत्रम् - चोरीसूचनापत्रम् (Letter reporting a theft to the police)
(ख) औपचारिकम् पत्रम् - आवेदनम् तथा पारिवारिकपत्राणि (Application and letters to mother and friend)
पत्राणि: भोजनम्, परिश्रमः, संस्कृतिः, अभियानम् (Letters on food, hard work, culture and a campaign)
पत्रम् (२) — Letters to a Publisher, a Friend and Parents
▶
Comprehension
12 classes
Method of the Unseen Passage: the Pigeon-King's Warning (कपोतराजस्य उपदेशः)
Time and Filial Duty: the Passages on समयस्य महत्त्वम् and धनेशः
Factual Passages: Amartya Sen and the Ujjain Observatory (वेधशाला)
Descriptive and Reflective Passages: Lodhi Garden and Rama's Thoughts
Passages with a Social Message: Nakul, the Woodcutter and the Mobile Phone
अपठित गद्यांशः (१) — Unseen Passages 1 to 3
अपठित गद्यांशः (२) — Unseen Passages 4 to 6
अपठित गद्यांशः (३) — Unseen Passages 7 to 9
गद्यांशः १-२: धात्रीफलम् तथा सरदार पटेलः (Unseen passages: the amla fruit and Sardar Patel)
गद्यांशः ३-४: उद्यमः तथा जीवनमूल्यानि (Unseen passages: effort and life values)
गद्यांशः ५-६: अकिञ्चनः तथा प्रदूषणम् (Unseen passages: Akinchan and pollution)
गद्यांशः ७-८: वैश्विकोष्णता तथा बहुभूमिकभवनानि (Unseen passages: global warming and multistorey buildings)
▶
Grammar
17 classes
इदमपि जानन्तु
अभ्यासः
इदमपि जानन्तु
अभ्यासः: इदमपि जानन्तु
इदमपि जानन्तु
संयोगः; अभ्यासः (१–४)
सन्धियुक्तपदानि (Words with Sandhi)
स्वरसन्धिः (Vowel sandhi)
व्यञ्जनसन्धिः (Consonant sandhi)
विसर्गसन्धिः, अनुनासिकसन्धिः, तुगागमसन्धिः (Visarga, nasal and tuk sandhi)
Shabda Roop: Declension of Common Masculine Nouns
Shabda Roop: Declension of Feminine and Neuter Nouns
Dhatu Roop: Verb Forms in the Present Tense
Dhatu Roop: Verb Forms in the Past and Future Tenses
Karak and Vibhakti: Roles of Words in a Sanskrit Sentence
Samas: Compounds and How to Break Them Up
Pratyay: Suffixes Such as Ktva, Lyap, Tumun and Kta
▶
Prescribed Texts
4 classes
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Prose Lesson
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Verse Lesson
Answering Questions on the Prescribed Texts
Word Meanings, Grammar and Translation from the Prescribed Texts
Tamil
5 chapters
▶
Composition
6 classes
Planning a Tamil Composition: Choosing a Topic and Outline
Writing Short Explanations in Tamil
Writing Directions in Tamil
Writing Descriptions of People, Places and Events in Tamil
Writing Narratives and Stories in Tamil
Revising Your Tamil Composition for Clarity and Correctness
▶
Letter
5 classes
The Layout of a Tamil Letter: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter in Tamil
Concluding a Tamil Letter Properly
Informal Letters in Tamil to Family and Friends
Formal Letters in Tamil to Officials and Institutions
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
How to Read an Unseen Tamil Passage Closely
Finding the Main Idea and Key Details in a Tamil Passage
Answering Questions in Tamil in Your Own Words
Vocabulary in Context: Meanings from a Tamil Passage
Practice with a 250-Word Tamil Passage
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Tamil Vocabulary: Word Meanings, Synonyms and Opposites
Tamil Sentence Structure and Word Order
Idioms and Proverbs in Tamil
Joining Short Sentences into One: Synthesis
Forming Correct Sentences in Tamil
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
How to Study the Two Prescribed Tamil Textbooks
Prose Lessons of the Class 9 Portion: Story and Meaning
Poems of the Class 9 Portion: Theme and Meaning
Character, Theme and Message in the Prescribed Texts
Answering Four Questions from the Prescribed Texts
Tangkhul
5 chapters
▶
Composition
6 classes
Choosing a Subject and Planning a Tangkhul Composition
Writing Short Explanations in Tangkhul
Writing Clear Directions in Tangkhul
Describing People, Places and Objects in Tangkhul
Narrative Composition in Tangkhul: Beginning, Middle and Ending
Revising and Polishing Your Tangkhul Composition
▶
Letter
5 classes
Formal and Informal Letters in Tangkhul: Knowing the Difference
Letter Layout in Tangkhul: Address, Date, Salutation and Closing
Writing the Introduction and the Conclusion of a Letter in Tangkhul
Choosing One of Two Letter Subjects and Planning the Content
Writing and Checking a Complete Letter in Tangkhul
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
Reading an Unseen Tangkhul Passage for Its Main Idea
Finding Facts and Details in a 250-Word Passage
Working Out the Meaning of Words and Phrases from Context in Tangkhul
Answering Passage Questions in Full Sentences in Tangkhul
Timed Practice with an Unseen Tangkhul Passage
▶
Grammar
6 classes
Building Tangkhul Vocabulary: Meanings, Opposites and Word Families
Sentence Structure and Word Order in Tangkhul
Idioms and Common Expressions in Tangkhul
Forming Sentences from Given Words in Tangkhul
Joining Simple Sentences: Synthesis in Tangkhul
Revision: Spotting and Correcting Errors in Tangkhul Sentences
▶
Prescribed Texts
6 classes
Getting to Know the Two Prescribed Tangkhul Textbooks
First Textbook: Reading the Prose Lessons and Their Themes
First Textbook: Poems, Imagery and Meaning
Second Textbook: Reading the Prose Lessons and Their Themes
Second Textbook: Poems, Imagery and Meaning
Writing Answers to Questions on the Prescribed Texts
Telugu
5 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Choosing a Composition Subject and Planning It in Telugu
Writing Short Explanations and Directions in Telugu
Writing Descriptions and Narratives in Telugu
Writing the Full Telugu Composition
▶
Letter
3 classes
Layout of a Telugu Letter: Address, Introduction and Conclusion
Writing a Personal Letter in Telugu
Writing a Formal Letter in Telugu
▶
Comprehension
2 classes
Reading a 250-Word Unseen Telugu Passage
Answering Telugu Passage Questions in Telugu
▶
Grammar
4 classes
Telugu Vocabulary and Word Use
Telugu Idioms and Their Use
Syntax and Synthesis in Telugu Sentences
Forming Correct Telugu Sentences
▶
Prescribed Texts
4 classes
Approaching the Prescribed Prose: Theme and Characters
Studying the Prescribed Poetry: Meaning and Feeling
Answering Questions from the Two Prescribed Textbooks
Revising the Class IX Prescribed Portion
Tenyidie
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Choosing a Subject for a Composition in Tenyidie
Short Explanations and Directions in Tenyidie
Describing a Person, Place or Thing in Tenyidie
Telling a Narrative in Tenyidie
Planning, Writing and Revising a Full Composition in Tenyidie
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Tenyidie: Address, Date and Salutation
Writing the Introduction and Body of a Letter in Tenyidie
Concluding a Letter: Closing Lines and Signature
Choosing Between Two Letter Subjects and Writing the Letter
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Tenyidie Passage for Meaning
Finding Main Ideas and Details in a Passage of 250 Words
Understanding Words and Phrases in Context
Answering Comprehension Questions in Tenyidie
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary in Tenyidie: Word Meanings and Word Groups
Syntax: Word Order in Tenyidie Sentences
Idioms and Expressions in Tenyidie
Joining Sentences: Synthesis in Sentence Construction
Forming Correct Sentences in Tenyidie
▶
Prescribed Texts
5 classes
Reading the First Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
First Prescribed Text: Characters, Themes and Language
Reading the Second Prescribed Text: Content and Meaning
Second Prescribed Text: Characters, Themes and Language
Answering Questions from the Prescribed Texts
Urdu
5 chapters
▶
Composition
5 classes
Composition in Urdu: Planning, Drafting and Revising
Descriptive Composition in Urdu
Narrative Composition in Urdu
Composition in Urdu on Explanations and Directions
Choosing a Topic and Writing a Short Composition in Urdu
▶
Letter
4 classes
Layout of a Letter in Urdu: Address, Introduction and Conclusion
Writing an Informal Letter in Urdu
Writing a Formal Letter in Urdu
Choosing Between Two Letter Topics in Urdu
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading an Unseen Passage in Urdu: Method
Finding Main Ideas and Details in an Unseen Urdu Passage
Answering Questions in Urdu on an Unseen Passage
Vocabulary in Context in an Unseen Urdu Passage
▶
Grammar
5 classes
Vocabulary and Word Formation in Urdu
Sentence Construction and Syntax in Urdu
Idioms and Phrases in Urdu
Synthesis of Sentences in Urdu
Forming Different Kinds of Sentences in Urdu
▶
Prescribed Texts
4 classes
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Prose Piece in Urdu
Reading and Understanding a Prescribed Poem in Urdu
Answering Questions on the Prescribed Urdu Texts
Themes and Characters in the Prescribed Urdu Texts
History, Civics and Geography
33 chapters
▶
Our Constitution
21 classes
The Constituent Assembly, and a Constitution That Can Change
Popular Sovereignty and Universal Adult Franchise
The Six Fundamental Rights
The Constitution of India — part 1
The Constitution of India — part 2
The Constitution of India — part 3
The Constitution of India — part 4
The Constitution of India — part 5
The Constitution of India — part 6
The Constitution of India — part 7
The Constitution of India — part 8
The Constitution of India — part 9
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 1
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 2
Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution
Rights and duties: two sides of the same coin
Adoption and Enforcement: 26 November 1949 and 26 January 1950
Single Citizenship and One Constitution for the Whole Union
Fundamental Duties of the Citizen
Directive Principles of State Policy
India as a Welfare State
▶
Elections
15 classes
Why Elections Matter: Direct and Indirect Elections
Equality, Representation, Accountability, Legitimacy - and Psephology
The Electoral System: FPTP and the Bicameral States
The Laws that Govern Elections, and the Single Transferable Vote
Electoral Offences, and the Delimitation Commission
The Election Commission of India: A Permanent Constitutional Body
The ECI Creates the Electoral Roll, and Special Intensive Revision
ETPBS, the Election Schedule, and Registering Parties and Symbols
National Voters' Day, and Ensuring Free and Fair Elections
96.8 Crore Voters, and No Voter to Be Left Behind
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 4
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 5
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 6
Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 7
General Elections, Mid-term Elections and By-elections
▶
The State Legislatures
6 classes
The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 9
Legislature (Fig. 6.10) and Executive: The Political and the Permanent Halves of the Government
Unicameral and Bicameral State Legislatures
The Legislative Assembly: Composition, Tenure and Qualifications of Members
The Legislative Council: Composition and How Its Members Are Chosen
Powers of the State Legislature: Law-making, Money and Control over the Ministers
▶
The Harappan Civilisation
13 classes
Three Early Scripts, and the Rise of Brahmi
The Early Harappan Stage and the Forerunners of the Script
A Tradition Nearly 5,000 Years Old: The Ploughed Field at Kalibangan
Harappan Weights and Measures, and Why Standards Matter
Four Civilisations on Four Rivers
Looking Back: The Bronze Age Civilisations
The beginnings
The Land of Copper: Oman, Fig. 2.30's Harappan Ingot, Fig. 2.31's Muscat Temple, and Before We Move On
Discovering Harappa and Mohenjo-daro: The Sources of Our Knowledge
Town Planning: Grid Streets, Drainage and the Great Bath
Trade, Seals and Weights of the Harappan Merchants
Bead-makers, Potters and Metalworkers: Harappan Art and Craft
Why the Harappan Cities Declined
▶
The Vedic Period
23 classes
The Beginnings: Why the Vedas Are Our Earliest Written Source
The Four Vedas and the Four Parts of Each Veda
What the Vedic Texts Tell Historians, and the Janas
Sabhā, Samiti and Vidhata: The Three Assemblies
Iron and Painted Grey Ware in the Ganga Plains
NBPW and the Signs of a Richer Material Culture
From Jana to Janapada: When People Became Tied to Land
Rājyas and Gaṇas: Two Kinds of State
Early Democratic Traditions: The Sabha, the Samiti and a Raja Who Could Be Removed
Monarchies and the Ganas: Magadha, Kosala and Avanti against Vajji and Malla (Fig. 4.4)
Varṇa: Not Fixed by Birth in the Early Vedic Texts
The Puruṣhasūkta, the Four Varṇas and the Rise of Jāti
Social Mobility: Rulers of Many Origins and the Mandsaur Weavers
Kula, Grāma, Viśha and Jana: The Family inside the Polity
The Four Āśhramas and the Four Puruṣhārthas
Women in the Vedic Age: Sages, Rituals and the Sabhā
Vedic Deities, Yajñas and the Worship of Nature
What Early Indian Education Was For: Values, Subjects and the Gurukula
Takṣhaśhilā to Ennayiram: Centres of Learning and the Literary Heritage
Sabha, Samiti and Vidhata, the Ganas and the Bauddha Samgha
The Epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata as Sources of Ancient India
Early Vedic Economy: Cattle, Pastoral Life and Barter
Later Vedic Economy: Settled Farming, Iron Tools and Trade
▶
Jainism and Buddhism
7 classes
Sources for Jainism and Buddhism: Texts, Inscriptions and Monuments
Why New Religions Arose in the Sixth Century BCE
Mahavira and the Rise of Jainism
The Teachings of Jainism: Ahimsa, the Three Jewels and the Five Vows
Gautama Buddha: Birth, Enlightenment and First Sermon
The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
Buddhist Sangha and the Spread of Buddhism and Jainism
▶
The Mauryan Empire
22 classes
Kauṭilya's Saptāṁga: The Seven Limbs of the State
The Mantri-Pariṣhad: Why No King Ruled Alone
Three Rulers on One Rock: The Junagadh Inscription
What the Junagadh Rock Teaches Us about Inscriptions
How the Early Empires Were Administered
Inside Pataliputra, and What an Empire Is: Imperium, Samraj and the Tributary
The Six Features of an Empire
Why Magadha Rose: Land, Timber, Elephants and Iron, and the Siege Panel of Fig. 5.6
Surplus, the Ganga and Son, and the Nandas: Mahapadma's Coin (Fig. 5.7) and Panini (Fig. 5.8)
The Story of Kautilya, and Two Maps: the Nanda Empire (Fig. 5.12) and the Maurya Empire (Fig. 5.13)
Chandragupta Takes Magadha, Defeats the Satraps, and Hosts Megasthenes (Fig. 5.14)
Kautilya's Saptanga (Fig. 5.15), and Why the Countryside Comes First
The King Who Chose Peace: Ashoka, the Kalinga War, and Fig. 5.16
The Great Communicator: Edicts on Rock and Pillar, Prakrit and Brahmi (Fig. 5.17)
Devanampiya Piyadasi: What Ashoka Claimed to Have Done (Fig. 5.18)
What Dharma Means, and the Edict Instructing the City Magistrates
After Ashoka, and Life in the Mauryan Period: the Sohagaura Plate (Fig. 5.19) and the Sarnath Capital (Fig. 5.20)
Some Contributions of the Mauryas: Life and People (Figs. 5.21 to 5.25), Art and Architecture (Figs. 5.26, 5.27)
The National Emblem, the Coins of Fig. 5.29, and The Fragile Nature of Empires (Fig. 5.30)
Agriculture and Land Revenue: The Mauryan System and After
Looking Back: State, Empire and Administration
Sources of Mauryan History: Arthashastra, Indica, Edicts and Coins
▶
The Sangam Age
10 classes
The Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam and the Sangam Poems
Sangam Literature and the Sangam Age, the Cholas, and the Map of Fig. 6.14
What Tamil Sources Show: Tolkappiyam and Pattinappalai
Irrigation: Sudarshana Lake and the Grand Anicut
Ports and the Sea: Muziris, Arikameḍu and the Trade with Rome
Silappadikaram: The Tale of the Anklet, and the Statue of Kannagi (Fig. 6.15)
King Karikala (Fig. 6.16) and the Kallanai or Grand Anicut (Fig. 6.17)
The Cheras and Their Coins (Fig. 6.18), and The Pandyas: Pearls, Navy and Inscriptions
Sangam Society: The Five Tinai Regions, Kings and Social Groups
Sangam Economy: Farming, Crafts and Guilds
▶
The Age of the Guptas
20 classes
Gupta Officers and Pallava Brahmadeya Villages
The Big Questions, Fig. 7.1 at Ajanta, and Fig. 7.2: Four Powers of the 3rd to 6th Centuries CE
The Iron Pillar of Delhi (Fig. 7.3): 1,600 Years Without Rust, and A New Power Emerges
Chandragupta I's Gold Coin (Fig. 7.4), Chandragupta II 'Vikramaditya', and Why the 'II'
The Warrior King: the Prayaga Prashasti, Harisena (Fig. 7.5) and Samudragupta with the Veena (Fig. 7.6)
The Vishnu Purana on the Empire's Regions, the Ashvamedha Coin (Fig. 7.7), and the Map of Fig. 7.8
A Traveller's Account: Faxian on Indian Society in the Gupta Age
Why One Source Is Not Enough: the Chandalas, and Glimpses of the Gupta Empire
Prabhavati Gupta, Regent Ruler of the Vakatakas (Figs. 7.9, 7.10)
Provinces, Copper-Plate Land Grants, and Thriving Trade as Far as Socotra
New Ideas and Wonders: Why This Is Called the Classical Age (Figs. 7.11, 7.12)
Queens, Donors and Poetesses: Women from the Guptas to the Cholas
Aryabhata and Varahamihira (Fig. 7.13)
Kalidasa and the Meghadutam, the Cloud Messenger (Fig. 7.14)
Ayurveda Codified, and The Quest for Beauty: the Centres of Gupta Art
The Decline of the Guptas, and Meanwhile in the South: the Pallavas at Kanchipuram
Various Aspects of Gupta Art: Figs. 7.15 to 7.18
Kamarupa and the Varmans, and the Timeline of Fig. 7.19
Samudragupta's Pattern with Tributaries, the Gupta Legacy, Before We Move On, and Questions 1 to 7
Learning in the Gupta Age: Nalanda and the Teaching of Science and Grammar
▶
The Cholas
11 classes
Further South: Pāṇḍyas, Cheras and the Rise of the Cholas — Fig. 3.19's Warriors and Fig. 3.20's Naṭarāja
Sāmantas, Bhuktis and Village Sabhās: How These Kingdoms Were Actually Run (Fig. 3.21, Fig. 3.22)
Hoysala Stone (Fig. 4.12) and Rājarāja Chola: Islands of the Sea, Anurādhapura, and a Vihāra for a Foreign King
Rājendra Chola I: 'The Chola Who Brought Gangā' (Fig. 4.13) and the Navy Sent to the Strait of Malacca
Bhoja the Scholar-King: The Lake at Bhojpur (Fig. 4.15), and the Ghūrids Take Ghazni
The Imperial Cholas and Their Village Assemblies
The Uttaramerur Inscription and the Kudavolai Ballot Pot
Sources of Chola History: Inscriptions, Temples and Literature
Chola Administration: The King, Provinces and Village Assemblies
Chola Temple Architecture: The Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur
Chola Bronzes and Sculpture: The Dancing Shiva
▶
The Delhi Sultanate
11 classes
The Big Questions, and Fig. 2.1: the Qutub Minar from the Air
Fig. 2.2: The Chapter's Timeline, 1206 to 1799, and What 'Medieval' Means
Reading Fig. 2.3: Tughlaqs, Lodis, and the Powers That Held Out
Rise of the Delhi Sultanate: Five Dynasties, and the Qutub Minar Complex
Nine Years a Sultan: Violent Successions, Ala-ud-din Khilji and Malik Kafur
Muhammad bin Tughlaq: The Capital That Moved, and Money That Failed
Iconoclasm, the Jizya, and Timur's Attack on Delhi
Administering India: The Iqta System and Akbar's Four Ministers
1206: Two Deaths, and How These Kingdoms Paid for Their Armies (Fig. 4.20)
Sources of Sultanate History: Chronicles, Coins and Inscriptions
Alauddin Khilji: Market Control, Taxes and the Army
▶
The Mughal Empire
17 classes
1565: Talikota, and 1526: Babur at Panipat
Babur and India: The Baburnama, and the Second Battle of Panipat
Akbar at Chittor, Jauhar, and the Turn to Sulh-i-kul
Reading Fig. 2.16: The Mughals and the Rise of Regional Powers
'I Was Overwhelmed with Shame': Akbar's Own Account of His Change
The House of Translation at Fatehpur Sikri, and Comparing Three Maps
The Peak of Mughal Art, and the Succession That Turned Violent
Alamgir: How Aurangzeb Took the Throne, and What He Then Banned
The Argument About Aurangzeb's Motives, and the Farman of 1669
'I Came Alone and Am Going Away Alone', and How to Read a Darker Period
The Mansabdari System, and Who Was Allowed into the Administration
Todar Mal's Survey, and How India's Economy Was Built from Below
Land Revenue, Famine, and the Ports India Exported Through
Sources of Mughal History: Akbarnama, Ain-i-Akbari and Traveller Accounts
Humayun and Sher Shah: The Interrupted Mughal Rule
Akbar's Conquests and Religious Policy
Jahangir and Shah Jahan: Peace, Art and Building
▶
Composite Culture
18 classes
Getting started: cultural currents, 13th to 17th centuries
Belief systems and the bhakti tradition
Regional saints and their messages
Musical traditions
From walls to paper: miniature painting
Changing landscapes: gardens
Women in society
Education and institutions of learning
Vocational education and knowledge sharing
Growth of literature and language; the development of Urdu
Developments in science and technology
Regional architectural developments and temple building
Cultural exchange in daily life: food and clothing
Review and activities
Bhakti: Why a Devotional Movement Comes First in a Political Chapter
Factors Behind the Rise of a Composite Culture
The Sufi Movement: Silsilas, Saints and Teachings
Impact of the Bhakti and Sufi Movements on Indian Society
▶
Renaissance
6 classes
Definition of the Renaissance: Rebirth of Learning in Europe
Causes of the Renaissance: Trade, Cities and the Fall of Constantinople
Italy, the Cradle of the Renaissance
Humanism and the Great Writers and Thinkers
Renaissance Art and Science: Leonardo, Michelangelo and Galileo
Consequences of the Renaissance: Discovery of Sea Routes and Rise of Reason
▶
Reformation
6 classes
What the Reformation Was, and the Condition of the Church
Causes of the Reformation: Corruption, Indulgences and New Ideas
Martin Luther and the Ninety-five Theses
The Spread of Protestantism: Calvin, Zwingli and the Church of England
The Counter Reformation and the Society of Jesus
Results of the Reformation and Counter Reformation
▶
Industrial Revolution
7 classes
1 Before the Industrial Revolution
2 Hand Labour and Steam Power
4 Factories Come Up
Causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
Capitalism: Private Ownership, Profit and Competition
Socialism: The Reaction of Thinkers and Workers
Effects of the Industrial Revolution: Cities, Workers and Empire
▶
Earth as a planet
5 classes
The Earth as a Planet in the Solar System
Proofs That the Earth Is Round
The Earth Is Not a Perfect Sphere: The Geoid
Size and Dimensions of the Earth
The Earth as the Home of Humankind
▶
Geographic grid - Latitudes & Longitudes
8 classes
Latitudes: The Equator, Parallels and Their Special Values
Heat Zones of the Earth
Longitudes and the Prime Meridian
Longitude and Time: How the Earth's Rotation Sets the Clock
Greenwich Mean Time, Standard Time and Local Time
The International Date Line
Finding the Exact Location of a Place
Great Circles and the Shortest Route
▶
Rotation and Revolution
7 classes
Rotation of the Earth: Axis, Direction and Speed
Effects of Rotation: Day and Night, and the Shape of the Earth
Effects of Rotation: Tides, Winds and Ocean Currents Turned Aside
Revolution of the Earth and the Inclined Axis
The Equinoxes
The Summer and Winter Solstices
How Revolution and the Tilt Cause the Seasons and Changing Day Length
▶
Earth’s Structure
4 classes
Inside the Earth: Crust, Mantle, Core, Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
Looking Back: Internal and External Forces
The Crust: Continental and Oceanic Layers
The Mantle and Core: Composition, Heat and Seismic Evidence
▶
Landforms of the Earth
13 classes
Convection Currents, and the Three Kinds of Plate Boundary
How the Himalayas Were Formed: Gondwana, the Collision, and Figs. 1.4 and 1.5
Himadri, Himachal and Shivalik: The Three Ranges, and the Kath-kuni House of Fig. 1.6
Running Water: A River's Three Courses, and the Waterfall
Deltas: Fertile Land at a River's Mouth
The Peninsular Plateau: What a Plateau Is, and the Western and Eastern Ghats
The Gangetic Plains: Rivers, Multi-cropping, Transport and the Night Lights of Fig. 1.16
The continents: variety on land
The Five Agents of Gradation, and How Landforms Shaped Civilisations
Glaciers: U-Shaped Valleys, Cirques, Fjords and Moraines
Types of Mountains: Fold, Block, Volcanic and Residual
Types of Plateaus: Intermontane, Piedmont and Continental
Plains: Structural, Erosional and Depositional Types
▶
Rocks
6 classes
5.1 Minerals and 5.2 Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
Minerals and Rocks: What Is the Difference
Igneous Rocks: Formation, Types and Uses
Sedimentary Rocks: Layers, Fossils and Uses
Metamorphic Rocks: Change by Heat and Pressure
The Rock Cycle
▶
Volcanoes
7 classes
The Map of the Plates, the Ring of Fire, and Why the Theory Matters
Where Earthquakes and Volcanoes Strike, and India's Risk
Bhūkampa: Varāhamihira's Account, and What a Volcano Leaves Behind
What a Volcano Is: Vent, Crater, Magma and Lava
Active, Dormant and Extinct Volcanoes
Effects of Volcanic Eruptions: Damage and Benefits
Volcanic Zones of the World
▶
Earthquakes
6 classes
What an Earthquake Is: Focus and Epicentre
Causes of Earthquakes: Plate Movement, Faults and Volcanoes
Seismic Waves: P, S and Surface Waves
Measuring Earthquakes: The Seismograph, Richter and Mercalli Scales
Effects of Earthquakes: Land, Sea and Life
Earthquake Zones of the World and of India
▶
Weathering and Denudation
11 classes
Weathering: Three Ways Rock Breaks Down
Erosion: The Agents That Carry Material Away
How Erosion Affects Human Work and Livelihoods
India's Answers to Erosion: Contouring, Bunding, Terracing and the Zabo System
Meanders: How a River Bends, and Why People Settle There
Waves, Currents and the Beach
Coastal Erosion: Cliffs, Platforms, Caves, Arches and Stacks
Yardangs, Ventifacts, Deflation Hollows and Desert Pavements
Dunes: Four Shapes the Wind Builds
Karst Topography: Caves, Stalactites, Stalagmites and Sinkholes
Weathering and Denudation: How the Two Processes Differ
▶
Hydrosphere
7 classes
Oceans, ocean currents and ocean trenches
What Tides Are, and What Causes Them
Spring Tides and Neap Tides
Uses and Dangers of Tides
What Causes Ocean Currents
Warm and Cold Currents of the Major Oceans
How Ocean Currents Affect Climate, Fishing and Shipping
▶
Composition and structure of the atmosphere
10 classes
What the Atmosphere Is Made Of
The Layered Structure, and the Troposphere
Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Thermosphere
The Exosphere, and Why We Do Not Feel the Air's Weight
Climate Change: Causes and Consequences
Climate Change: Fossil Fuels, the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (Fig. 3.16)
Looking Back: The Atmosphere and Its Layers
The Big Questions, and What the Atmosphere Does for Us
The Ozone Layer and Its Depletion
Protecting the Ozone Layer: Measures and Agreements
▶
Insolation
7 classes
Temperature, Insolation and the Earth's Temperature Zones
Factors Determining the Climate - (a) Latitude: Why the Sun's Angle Decides the Heat (Fig. 3.4)
(b) Altitude: Why Hill Stations Are Cool, and the Four Views of Fig. 3.5
Ooty against Coimbatore, and (c) Proximity to the Sea: Mumbai against Nagpur (Fig. 3.6)
(d) Winds: Heat Waves and Cold Waves (Fig. 3.7), and (e) Topography
Insolation and Terrestrial Radiation: How the Earth Is Heated
Heat Budget of the Earth
▶
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
11 classes
Atmospheric Pressure: Why Air Moves
Wind, Its Speeds, and the Land and Sea Breeze
Why the Air Thins on a Mountain: Depressions, the Barometer, Millibars and Khardung la (Fig. 2.8)
Mausim: How the Monsoon Got Its Name, and How India Predicted It
The South-West Monsoon: Unequal Heating of Land and Sea
The North-East Monsoon, and the Maps of Advance and Retreat
World Pressure Belts
Permanent Winds: Trade Winds, Westerlies and Polar Easterlies
Local Winds: Loo, Chinook and Foehn
Variable Winds: Cyclones and Anticyclones
Jet Streams
▶
Humidity
6 classes
Humidity and Precipitation
Relative Humidity from 0% to 100%, the Hygrometer, and Think About It: Delhi 52%, Kochi 84%
Condensation: Dew, Frost, Fog, Mist and Clouds
Precipitation: Rain, Snow, Sleet and Hail
Convectional Rainfall
Orographic and Cyclonic Rainfall
▶
Pollution
5 classes
Industrial Pollution, Environmental Degradation and Its Control
Air Pollution: Sources and Effects
Water Pollution: Sources and Effects
Soil and Noise Pollution
Preventive Measures Against Pollution
▶
Natural Regions of the World
8 classes
The Equatorial Region: Climate, Vegetation and People
The Tropical Grasslands: Savanna
Hot Deserts: Sahara and Their Life
The Monsoon Region
The Mediterranean Region
Temperate Grasslands: Prairies, Steppes, Pampas and Veld
The Taiga or Coniferous Forest Region
The Tundra Region
▶
Map Work
13 classes
The complexity of mapping the Earth
The blue of the Blue Planet: the oceans
Smaller water bodies and waterways
Asia
Europe
Africa
South America
North America
The Australian continent
Marking the Natural Regions on the World Map
Marking Oceans, Seas, Gulfs and Straits
Marking the Major Rivers of the World
Marking Mountain Ranges and Plateaus
History, Civics and Geography (Thailand)
33 chapters
▶
Constitution of Thailand
4 classes
What a Constitution Is and Why a Country Needs One
How the Thai Constitution Was Adopted and Brought into Force
Main Features of the Constitution of Thailand
Gender Perspective: Amendments for Equality
▶
Elections
6 classes
Why Elections Matter: Direct and Indirect Elections
The Electoral System: FPTP and the Bicameral States
The Election Commission of India: A Permanent Constitutional Body
Elections in Thailand: Who Votes and How
The Election Commission of Thailand
General Elections and By-Elections
▶
Local Self Government
7 classes
Three Tiers, Autonomous District Councils and the PESA Act
Two Panchayats: Jethipura and South Manubankul
Decentralisation in India
Reading Fig. 6.18: Five Reasons for Decentralisation, Gandhi's Grām Swarāj, and Who Does What
Reading Fig. 6.19: How Three Levels and Three Organs Run One School System
Village Local Self-Government in Thailand: Meaning and Functions
Urban Local Self-Government in Thailand: Municipalities and Their Work
▶
The Chinese Civilisation: extent, art & craft, inventions and discoveries; Religion
8 classes
Two Rivers and Four Dynasties: Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han
Kings, Officials and the Oracle Bones
Jade, Marble and Bronze, and the Great Wall
Silk, the Silk Route and What the Bronze Age Left Us
The Huang Ho and the Spread of Chinese Civilisation
Pottery, Bronze and Jade of Ancient China
Inventions of China: Paper, Printing, Compass and Gunpowder
Confucianism: The Teachings of Confucius
▶
The Indian Civilisation and its impact on Thailand (Ancient Siam)
4 classes
From Dvārakā to Dvāravatī: Thailand, Fig. 2.20's Map, and Fig. 2.21's Churning of the Ocean
Brahmanic and Buddhist Contacts Between India and Ancient Siam
Indianised Temples and Gods in Early Thai Lands
Coins, Art and Language: Sanskrit and Pali in Siam
▶
The Khmer Rule
4 classes
Angkor Wat (Fig. 4.23), the Lesson of Resilience, and Question 1 on Change and Continuity
Invasions and the Expansion of Khmer Power
Trade and Economy of the Khmer Empire
The Thai Alphabet and Its Origins
▶
The Dvaravati civilisational expression
3 classes
Dvaravati: Where and When It Flourished
Brahmanic and Buddhist Civilisation in Dvaravati
Indianisation, Localisation and Convergence Compared
▶
The Golden Era of Sukhothai
4 classes
Sources for the History of Sukhothai
The Origin and Extent of the Sukhothai Kingdom
Administration Under Sukhothai Kings
Religion and Culture in Sukhothai
▶
The Rise and Fall of Ayutthaya
4 classes
The Founding of Ayutthaya
Administration of Ayutthaya
Economy and Foreign Trade of Ayutthaya
The Fall of Ayutthaya and Its Causes
▶
Medieval Thailand
3 classes
Wars Between Siam and Burma
Architecture of Medieval Thailand
Impact of the Wars on People and Kingdom
▶
Thonburi
4 classes
King Taksin and the Rise of Thonburi
Economy of the Thonburi Kingdom
Floating Markets and Trading Life
Wat Arun, the Temple of Dawn
▶
Rattanakosin Period (1782- 1826)
4 classes
The Chakri Dynasty and the Founding of Rattanakosin
The Law of the Three Seals, Kotmai Tra Sam Suang
The Sakdina System of Rank and Land
Wat Phra Kaew and the Emerald Buddha
▶
The Crusades
4 classes
Meaning of the Crusades and Why They Began
The First Crusade
The Later Crusades
Influence of the Crusades on Europe and the East
▶
Renaissance
5 classes
Meaning of the Renaissance and Its Causes
Leonardo da Vinci: Artist and Scientist
William Shakespeare and the Renaissance in Literature
Copernicus and the New Astronomy
Impact of the Renaissance on Europe
▶
Reformation
4 classes
Causes of the Reformation
Martin Luther and the Ninety-Five Theses
Spread of Protestantism and Its Results
The Counter Reformation
▶
Industrial Revolution
5 classes
1 Before the Industrial Revolution
2 Hand Labour and Steam Power
4 Factories Come Up
Definition and Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Capitalism and Socialism Compared
▶
Earth as a planet
2 classes
The Shape of the Earth and the Proofs for It
The Earth as Home of Life
▶
Geographic grid - Latitudes and Longitudes
4 classes
Latitudes and the Parallels
Longitudes and the Prime Meridian
Longitude and Time: Local and Standard Time
Great Circles and Their Importance
▶
Rotation and Revolution
3 classes
Rotation of the Earth and Day and Night
Revolution of the Earth Around the Sun
The Cause of Seasons and Tilt of the Axis
▶
Earth’s Structure
2 classes
Inside the Earth: Crust, Mantle, Core, Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
Layers of the Earth in Depth: Crust, Mantle and Core Compared
▶
Landforms of the Earth
11 classes
The Himalayas: Reading a 2500-km Wall on the Map and in Fig. 1.2
How the Himalayas Were Formed: Gondwana, the Collision, and Figs. 1.4 and 1.5
Himadri, Himachal and Shivalik: The Three Ranges, and the Kath-kuni House of Fig. 1.6
The Gangetic Plains: Rivers, Multi-cropping, Transport and the Night Lights of Fig. 1.16
The Peninsular Plateau: What a Plateau Is, and the Western and Eastern Ghats
The Deccan: Forests, Tribal Communities, Waterfalls and Coal (Figs. 1.27 to 1.32)
Asia
Mountains: Types and Examples
Plateaus: Types and Examples
Plains: Types and Examples
Landforms of Thailand
▶
Rocks
6 classes
5.1 Minerals and 5.2 Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
Minerals and Rocks Compared
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
The Rock Cycle
▶
Volcanoes
5 classes
The Map of the Plates, the Ring of Fire, and Why the Theory Matters
Where Earthquakes and Volcanoes Strike, and India's Risk
Bhūkampa: Varāhamihira's Account, and What a Volcano Leaves Behind
Types of Volcanoes: Active, Dormant and Extinct
Effects of Volcanic Eruptions
▶
Earthquakes
5 classes
Convection Currents, and the Three Kinds of Plate Boundary
Causes of Earthquakes
Measuring Earthquakes: Seismograph and Scales
Effects of Earthquakes
Earthquake Zones of the World and Thailand
▶
Weathering and Denudation
10 classes
Weathering: Three Ways Rock Breaks Down
Erosion: The Agents That Carry Material Away
The Five Agents of Gradation, and How Landforms Shaped Civilisations
Running Water: A River's Three Courses, and the Waterfall
Meanders: How a River Bends, and Why People Settle There
Deltas: Fertile Land at a River's Mouth
The Chamoli Flood, and How Wind Erodes
Yardangs, Ventifacts, Deflation Hollows and Desert Pavements
Dunes: Four Shapes the Wind Builds
Types of Weathering: Physical, Chemical and Biological
▶
Hydrosphere
5 classes
Oceans, ocean currents and ocean trenches
The blue of the Blue Planet: the oceans
Tides: Spring and Neap
Warm and Cold Ocean Currents
The Andaman Sea and the Malay Peninsula Shoreline
▶
Composition and structure of the atmosphere
8 classes
The Big Questions, and What the Atmosphere Does for Us
What the Atmosphere Is Made Of
The Layered Structure, and the Troposphere
Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Thermosphere
The Exosphere, and Why We Do Not Feel the Air's Weight
Climate Change: Causes and Consequences
Climate Change: Fossil Fuels, the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (Fig. 3.16)
The Ozone Layer and Its Depletion
▶
Insolation
6 classes
Temperature, Insolation and the Earth's Temperature Zones
Factors Determining the Climate - (a) Latitude: Why the Sun's Angle Decides the Heat (Fig. 3.4)
(b) Altitude: Why Hill Stations Are Cool, and the Four Views of Fig. 3.5
Ooty against Coimbatore, and (c) Proximity to the Sea: Mumbai against Nagpur (Fig. 3.6)
Insolation: How the Sun Heats the Earth
Factors That Affect Temperature
▶
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
7 classes
Atmospheric Pressure: Why Air Moves
Wind, Its Speeds, and the Land and Sea Breeze
Why the Air Thins on a Mountain: Depressions, the Barometer, Millibars and Khardung la (Fig. 2.8)
(d) Wind: Why Direction and Speed Matter, and the Wind Vane (Fig. 2.9)
Pressure Belts of the Earth
Planetary, Seasonal and Local Winds
Jet Streams
▶
Humidity
6 classes
Humidity and Precipitation
The Wind Sock and the Anemometer (Fig. 2.10), and (e) Humidity: Kochi or Jaipur?
Relative Humidity from 0% to 100%, the Hygrometer, and Think About It: Delhi 52%, Kochi 84%
What Humidity Is and How It Is Measured
Condensation: Dew, Fog and Clouds
Convectional, Relief and Cyclonic Rainfall
▶
Pollution
5 classes
Industrial Pollution, Environmental Degradation and Its Control
Types of Pollution: Air, Water, Soil and Noise
Sources of Pollution
Effects of Pollution on Health and Nature
Preventive Measures Against Pollution
▶
Natural Regions of the World
5 classes
Equatorial and Tropical Monsoon Regions
Savanna and Desert Regions
Mediterranean and Temperate Grassland Regions
Temperate Forest and Taiga Regions
Tundra and Polar Regions
▶
Map Work
5 classes
Marking Natural Regions on the World Map
Marking Oceans and Seas
Marking Major Rivers
Marking Mountain Ranges
Marking Plateaus
Mathematics
14 chapters
▶
Rational and Irrational Numbers
19 classes
3.4 Fractions, Negative Fractions and the Set of Rational Numbers
3.4.2 The Density of Rational Numbers
3.5 Irrational Numbers: Baudhayana's Problem and the Diagonal
3.5.1 The Proof by Contradiction that root 2 Is Irrational
3.5.2 Constructing an Irrational Length with Ruler and Compass
3.6 Real Numbers: Terminating, Repeating, and How to Tell in Advance
3.6 Converting a Repeating Decimal Back into a Fraction
1.3 Revisiting Irrational Numbers
1.3 Revisiting Irrational Numbers, and Theorem 1.2
Theorem 1.3: Proving that Root 2 is Irrational
Example 5: Proving that Root 3 is Irrational
Examples 6 and 7: Sums and Multiples of Irrational Numbers
3.4.1 Rational Numbers on the Number Line, and Absolute Value
Proving by Contradiction that Root 5 Is Irrational
Surds: Order, Pure and Mixed Surds, and Simplest Form
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Surds
Rationalising the Denominator: Monomial and Binomial Surds
Conjugate Surds and Finding Rationalising Factors in Multi-Step Expressions
Representing Square Roots on the Number Line by Spiral Construction
▶
Compound Interest
8 classes
Compound Interest as Repeated Simple Interest: Period-by-Period Calculation
Comparing Simple Interest and Compound Interest Over Multiple Years
Deriving and Applying the Compound Interest Formula A = P(1 + r/100)^n
Compound Interest When the Rate Changes From Year to Year
Compounding Half-Yearly and Quarterly
Finding the Principal, Rate, or Time From Given Compound Interest Data
Growth and Appreciation: Population and Production Problems
Depreciation of Value at Constant and Varying Annual Rates
▶
Expansions
7 classes
Squares of Binomials: (a + b)^2, (a - b)^2, and Identities with Reciprocals
Sum and Difference of Squares from (a + b)^2 and (a - b)^2
Products of Two Binomials: (x + a)(x + b) and Sign Variations
Cubes of Binomials:Expanding (a + b)^3 and (a - b)^3
Evaluating a^3 + b^3 and a^3 - b^3 Using Binomial Cube Identities
Square of a Trinomial: (a ± b ± c)^2 and Its Applications
Numerical Evaluations and Condition-Based Problems Using Algebraic Expansions
▶
Factorisation
10 classes
4.3 Using the Identity Backwards: Factorisation
4.4 a Squared Minus b Squared, and Shridharacharya's Shortcut
4.6 Splitting the Middle Term: Examples 10 to 12
4.7 The Sum and the Difference of Two Cubes
4.7 The Three-Variable Identity for a Sum of Cubes
Examples 4 and 5: Factorisation, and a Root That Repeats
Exercise Set 4.4: Blanks, Products and Factoring
4.3 Roots of a Quadratic Equation, and Example 3
Factorisation by Taking Out Common Factors and by Grouping
Factorising Using a Squared Minus b Squared in Several Steps
▶
Simultaneous Linear Equations in two variables
15 classes
3.1 Introduction: Akhila at the Fair, and Two Equations at Once
3.3 Algebraic Methods, and 3.3.1 The Substitution Method
The Three Steps of Substitution, and Example 5: Aftab and His Daughter
3.3.2 The Elimination Method, and Example 8: Two Incomes
The Four Steps of Elimination, and Example 9
Example 10: A Two-Digit Number and Its Reverse
3.3.1 Substitution Method : We shall explain the method of substitution by taking
3.3.2 Elimination Method
Exercise 3.2: Practising the Substitution Method
Exercise 3.3: Elimination and Substitution Together
3.1 Introduction
The Cross-Multiplication Method: Derivation and Formula
Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations by Cross-Multiplication
Framing Simultaneous Equations: Fractions, Ages, and Geometry Problems
Framing Simultaneous Equations: Speed, Distance, and Work Problems
▶
Indices/ Exponents
10 classes
2.2 Exponential Notation: Base, Exponent, and 32400 = 2⁴ × 5² × 3⁴
Figure it Out: Prime Factors in Exponential Form, and Numerical Values
The Stones that Shine: 3⁴ Rooms, 3⁷ Diamonds, and the Rule nᵃ × nᵇ = nᵃ⁺ᵇ
A Power of a Power: (4³)², (4²)³ and the Rule (nᵃ)ᵇ = nᵃᵇ
Magical Pond: The 29th Day, Damayanti's Two Ponds, and mᵃ × nᵃ = (mn)ᵃ
Why Anything to the Power Zero Is 1, and What 2⁻¹ Means
Negative Exponents: n⁻ᵃ = 1/nᵃ, and the Power Line for 4
The SUMMARY: Six Laws of Exponents in One Place, and Tremendous in Ten!
Fractional Indices: Meaning of a^(1/n) and a^(m/n) as Radicals
Simplifying Expressions and Solving Exponential Equations with Fractional and Negative Indices
▶
Logarithms
12 classes
Introduction to Logarithms and the Inverse-of-Exponents Idea
Logarithmic and Exponential Form - Exercise 2.1
Proving the Product and Quotient Rules
Power Rule, Change of Base, and Two Special Log Values
Logarithm Rules in Practice (Examples 3-5)
Common Logarithms: Rules and Worked Examples
Exercise 2.2 and the Scale of Logarithms
Logarithms Across Subjects: pH, Music and Population Growth
Solving Logarithmic Equations I: Direct and Product-Rule Methods
Logarithms - Chapter Summary and Quick Revision
Solving Logarithmic Equations II: Quotient and Power Rules
Using Logarithm Laws to Simplify and Prove Identities
▶
Triangles
11 classes
Congruence of Triangles: The SAS and SSS Criteria
Congruence of Triangles: The ASA, AAS, and RHS Criteria
Isosceles Triangle Theorems and Deductions from Congruence
Inequalities in a Triangle: Comparing Sides and Opposite Angles
The Triangle Inequality and the Shortest Distance from a Point to a Line
The Mid-Point Theorem: Proof and Geometric Applications
The Converse of the Mid-Point Theorem
The Equal Intercept Theorem and Division of Line Segments
Pythagoras Theorem and Its Converse
Rider Proofs and Numerical Problems Using Pythagoras Theorem
Rider Problems on Congruence of Triangles
▶
Rectilinear Figures
19 classes
4.1 Rectangles and Squares, and the Carpenter's Problem
Deduction 1: Why the Diagonals of a Rectangle Are Equal
Deduction 4: Three Definitions of a Rectangle, and Its Four Properties
A Special Rectangle: The Square, and the First Venn Diagram
Deduction 5: The Diagonals of a Square Meet at Right Angles
4.3 Parallelograms: Constructing One from 4 cm, 5 cm and 30 Degrees
Deduction 6: The Angles of a Parallelogram
Deduction 7: The Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram Are Equal
Deduction 8: The Diagonals of a Parallelogram Bisect Each Other
4.4 The Rhombus: Constructing One, and Deduction 9 on Its Angles
Why Every Rhombus Is a Parallelogram, and Where the Square Sits
Deduction 10, and Figure it Out on Parallelograms and Rhombuses
Area — part 5
The SUMMARY: Five Quadrilaterals, Their Definitions and the Full Venn Diagram
6.6 and 6.7 Area of a Rectangle and of a Parallelogram
Interior and Exterior Angles of Regular and Irregular Polygons
Constructing Quadrilaterals, Trapzeia, and Regular Hexagons with Ruler and Compass
Area Theorems: Parallelograms on the Same Base and Between the Same Parallels
Area Theorems: Triangles and Parallelograms Between the Same Parallels
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Circle
18 classes
5.4 Theorems 2 and 3: Equal Chords and the Angles They Subtend
5.5 Theorem 4: The Line from the Centre to a Chord's Midpoint
Exercise Set 5.3, and Theorem 5: the Converse
5.6 The Paper-Folding Activity, and Theorem 6
Theorem 6 a Second Way, Exercise Set 5.4, and Theorem 7
5.6.1 Theorem 8: Which of Two Unequal Chords Is Nearer the Centre
5.7 Arcs: Major, Minor, and the Angle an Arc Subtends
5.7.1 Theorem 9: The Angle at the Centre Is Double the Angle on the Circle
5.7.1 The Second Case, and Angles in the Same Segment
The Angle in a Semicircle, and Exercise Set 5.6
5.8 Theorem 10: When Four Points Are Concyclic
Theorem 11: The Opposite Angles of a Cyclic Quadrilateral
5.8 Theorem 12: The Converse, and What Circles Are Still to Come
Chapter Exercises (1-5): Chords, Distances and a Perpendicular Bisector
Chapter Exercises (6-10): The Semicircle, Cyclic Angles and an Area
Chapter Exercises (11-14): Where the Centre Lies, and Inscribed Parallelograms
Chapter Summary: Everything the Chapter Proved About Circles
6.4 The Length of an Arc of a Circle
▶
Statistics
13 classes
13.1 Introduction, and the Mean Formula Recalled
Sigma Notation and Example 1: The Mean of Ungrouped Data
Grouping the Data: Class Intervals and the Class Mark
13.4 Median of Grouped Data: Ungrouped Median and Cumulative Frequency
The Two Kinds of Cumulative Frequency Distribution
13.1 Introduction
Mean Deviation for a Continuous Distribution, the Step-Deviation Shortcut, and Its Limits
Raw Data, Arrayed Data, and Discrete vs Continuous Variables
Tally Marks and Constructing Frequency Distribution Tables
Inclusive and Exclusive Class Intervals, Class Limits, Class Boundaries, and Class Size
Drawing Histograms and Frequency Polygons Using a Histogram
Drawing a Frequency Polygon Directly Using Class Marks
Mean and Median of Ungrouped Data: Odd and Even Numbers of Items
▶
Mensuration
15 classes
6.1 Perimeter, and the Ratio That Stays Fixed
Exercise Set 6.1 (1-4): Radius, Circumference and Arc Length
6.8 Area of a Triangle: Two Ways to the Formula
6.8.1 Heron's Formula, Tested Three Times
Exercise Set 6.2 (1-5): Areas of Triangles, Trapezia and a Rhombus
6.10 Why the Ratio C Squared to A Is the Same for All Circles
Archimedes and Nilakantha: Why the Area Is pi r Squared
6.10.1 The Area of a Sector, and What a Segment Is
Chapter Exercises (10-14): Same Area and Perimeter, Trapezia and the Kite
12.1 Introduction
Surface Area, Lateral Surface Area, Volume, and Diagonal of a Cuboid
Surface Area, Volume, and Diagonal of a Cube
Applications of Cube and Cuboid: Open Boxes, Walls of a Room, and Flowing Water
Area and Perimeter of Trapezium, Rhombus and Kite
Areas of Combined Figures and Shaded Regions
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Trigonometry
14 classes
8.2 Naming the Sides: Opposite, Adjacent and Hypotenuse
The Six Trigonometric Ratios and Their Reciprocals
Why the Ratios Do Not Depend on the Size of the Triangle
Finding All Six Ratios When One Is Known
8.3 The Trigonometric Ratios of 45 Degrees
The Trigonometric Ratios of 30 and 60 Degrees
The Trigonometric Ratios of 0 and 90 Degrees
Table 8.1, the Remark, and Example 6
9.1 Heights and Distances
8.2 Trigonometric Ratios
8.1 Introduction
Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles
Simplifying Expressions and Equations Using Complementary Angles
Solving 2-D Right-Triangle Problems Using Standard Trigonometric Ratios
▶
Coordinate Geometry
11 classes
7.1 Introduction: Abscissa, Ordinate, and What Coordinate Geometry Is For
7.2 Distance Formula: Points That Lie on an Axis
Using Pythagoras for Points Off the Axes
Deriving the Distance Formula, and the Two Remarks
Example 1: Do Three Points Form a Triangle?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Distance Formula
7.1 Key Concepts and Multiple Choice Practice
Dependent and Independent Variables, Ordered Pairs, and Plotting Points in the Four Quadrants
Graphing a Linear Equation in Two Variables and Finding Axis Intercepts
Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations
Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
34 chapters
▶
Measurements and Experimentation
14 classes
Measurement: Comparing the Unknown to the Known
Same Room, Different Numbers: Why the Unit You Pick Matters
Why the World Needed One Common System
The International System of Units (SI)
Converting Between Units
8.1.1 A Simple Pendulum: Oscillation, Mean Position and Time Period (Fig. 8.7)
Activity 8.2 and Table 8.1: Measuring a Time Period, and Think Like a Scientist
1.2 Different Systems of Units
1.4. International System of Units (SI)
Least Count: The Smallest Reading an Instrument Can Give
Reading a Vernier Callipers Step by Step
Zero Error and Zero Correction in Callipers and Screw Gauge
The Screw Gauge: Pitch, Least Count and Measuring a Wire
Plotting Length Against Time Squared for a Simple Pendulum
▶
Motion in One Dimension
16 classes
Distance Travelled and Displacement
Average Speed, and Uniform Motion
Average Velocity
Average Acceleration
Constant Acceleration, and a Falling Object
Plotting a Graph of Motion
Reading a Position-Time Graph
Velocity-Time Graphs: Shape and Slope
Area Under a Velocity-Time Graph
The Kinematic Equations
Scalars and Vectors
The Equations of Motion
2.3. Scalars and Vectors
8.3.1 Speed, Distance and Time: Examples 8.2 and 8.3, and Why It Is Average Speed
2.1 What is Motion?
2.5. Equations of Motion
▶
Laws of Motion
19 classes
What a Force Is, and How It Is Measured
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Newton's First Law of Motion
F = ma, and What One Newton Is
Why the Fielder Pulls His Hands Back
Newton's Third Law of Motion
The Third Law in Rockets, Magnets and Falling Fruit
Gravity Defined, Vertical Motion in Fig. 5.11, and 5.5 What Weight Means
Mass and Weight: What Stays the Same, What Changes, and the Table of Five Worlds
Why Doesn't the Earth Fall Into the Sun?
Why a Feather and a Stone Fall Differently: Air Resistance
5.4.2 Non-Contact Forces: Magnetic Force and the Floating Ring Magnet of Activity 5.5 (Fig. 5.7)
Why Newton's Laws Need Help Inside an Accelerating Frame
3.1 Limitations of Newton’s Laws in Accelerating Frames
3.2 Gravitation
Momentum and Newton's Second Law as Rate of Change of Momentum
Contact Forces and Non-Contact Forces Compared
The Universal Law of Gravitation and the Constant G
Free Fall and Acceleration Due to Gravity
▶
Fluids
15 classes
Swirling Leaves and Two Identical Bags: 6.1 Pressure as Force Divided by Area (Fig. 6.1)
The Bucket Handle (Fig. 6.2), the Cloth Ring (Fig. 6.3), the Pascal, and a Worked Calculation
Table 6.1: The Nail, the Knife, and Why a Smaller Area Makes a Task Easier
Why Overhead Tanks Sit High (Fig. 6.4), and Activity 6.1: Two Pipes of Different Width (Fig. 6.5)
Fig. 6.6: More Water, Bigger Bulge - Pressure Depends on the Height of the Column
Activity 6.2: Four Holes in a Bottle (Fig. 6.7), and Why Liquids Press in All Directions
Why a Dam Is Broader at Its Base (Fig. 6.8), and 6.2 the Atmosphere Above Us
9.4 Why Objects Float or Sink, and 9.5 What Density Means
The Units of Density, and What Relative Density Means
5.6 Floating and Sinking, the Mug That Feels Lighter, and Pumice - the Rock That Floats
9.5.3 Pressure and Density, Why Ice Floats, and the Egg That Sinks
Activity 5.13: The Bottle That Bounces Back (Fig. 5.15), Upthrust, and Archimedes' Principle
Pascal's Law and How Pressure Travels Through a Liquid
The Hydraulic Press and Hydraulic Brakes
The Law of Floatation: Weight of Body Equals Weight of Liquid Displaced
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Heat and Energy
8 classes
How the Atmosphere Keeps the Earth Fit for Life
The Greenhouse Effect, and Why It Is Not a Plant Greenhouse
Heat as Energy and Temperature as a Measure of Hotness
Units of Heat and the Working of a Thermometer
Why Water Behaves Oddly Between 0 and 4 Degrees Celsius
Anomalous Expansion of Water and Life Under a Frozen Lake
Global Warming: Causes, Effects and What We Can Do
Energy Degradation: Why Useful Energy Keeps Turning into Heat
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Light
19 classes
9.1 Reflection of Light and the Laws of Reflection
9.2 Spherical Mirrors: Concave, Convex and the Pole
Centre of Curvature, Principal Axis and Focal Length
9.2.1 Image Formation by a Concave Mirror
9.2.2 Representing Images Using Ray Diagrams
Uses of Concave Mirrors, and Image Formation by a Convex Mirror
Uses of Convex Mirrors: A Wider Field of View
9.2.3 Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
9.2.4 The Mirror Formula and Magnification: Definitions
Mirror Formula: Two Worked Examples
Incident Ray, Normal, and the Angles i and r
Table 10.1, the First Law, and Activity 10.5: The Bent Sheet
Concave and Convex: How a Spherical Mirror Is Actually Made
What Each Mirror Does to an Image, and Where Concave Mirrors Are Used
Convex Mirrors on Roads and in Shops, and 10.3: Activity 10.4 Begins
Images in a Plane Mirror and Their Properties
Lateral Inversion and Image Distance in a Plane Mirror
Multiple Images Formed by Two Mirrors at an Angle
The Periscope and the Kaleidoscope
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Sound
17 classes
Sound Is Produced by Vibrations
The Tuning Fork, and Sound Through Solids and Liquids
Sound Cannot Travel Through a Vacuum
Compressions, Rarefactions and the Sound Wave
Longitudinal Waves and Mechanical Waves
Sound Carries Energy
Graphical Representation of a Sound Wave
Wavelength, Frequency and Time Period
Amplitude and Intensity
The Speed of Sound
Working with the Speed of Sound
Pitch and the Audible Range
Ultrasonic and Infrasonic Waves and Their Uses
Wave Motion: How a Disturbance Travels Without Carrying Matter
Transverse Waves: Crests, Troughs and Examples
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Compared
The Wave Equation v = f times Wavelength, with Numericals
▶
Electricity and Magnetism
15 classes
11.1 Electric Current and Circuit
11.2 Electric Potential and Potential Difference
11.3 Circuit Diagrams and Their Symbols
11.4 Ohm's Law
11.5 Factors on Which the Resistance of a Conductor Depends
Resistivity, and Why Different Materials Carry Current Differently
Experiment 48: Verification of Ohm's Law and Determination of Resistance of a Resistor
12.1 Magnetic Field and Field Lines
Experiment 52: Magnetic Field Lines of a Bar Magnet
13.3.3 The Earth's Magnetic Shield, and 13.4 What Sustains Life
Electric Charge and Free Electrons in Conductors
Magnetic Induction: How a Piece of Iron Becomes a Magnet
Induced Magnetism and the Difference Between Magnets and Magnetic Materials
The Earth as a Magnet: Magnetic Meridian and Angle of Declination
Neutral Points of a Bar Magnet: Axial and Equatorial Positions
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The Language of Chemistry
12 classes
Symbols of Elements
Valency
Naming Ions and Ionic Compounds
Writing Chemical Formulae
Molecular Mass and Formula Unit Mass
Isotopes, and Average Atomic Mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass
1.1.2 Balancing by Hit-and-Trial: a Worked Example
1.1 Chemical Equations: From a Sentence to a Chemical Equation
Radicals: Simple and Compound Radicals and Their Charges
Relative Atomic Mass and the Carbon-12 Scale
Relative Molecular Mass and Simple Calculations
▶
Chemical changes and reactions
13 classes
What a Chemical Reaction Is, and How You Know One Has Happened
1.2 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combination Reactions and Exothermic/Endothermic Reactions
1.2.2 Decomposition by Heating: Thermal Decomposition
1.2.2 Decomposition by Light and Electricity
1.2.3 Displacement Reactions
1.2.4 Double Displacement Reactions and Precipitation
1.2.5 Oxidation and Reduction: Redox Reactions
1.3 Effects of Oxidation in Everyday Life: Corrosion and Rancidity
5.1 Physical Change: Activity 5.2 with Paper, a Balloon and Chalk (Fig. 5.1)
5.2 Chemical Change: Activity 5.3, Blowing into Tap Water and Lime Water (Fig. 5.2)
The Chemical Equation, and Activity 5.4: Vinegar and Baking Soda (Fig. 5.3)
5.3.1 Rusting and 5.3.2 Combustion: Activity 5.5 and the Covered Candle (Figs. 5.4, 5.5, 5.6)
Experiment 3: Measuring Temperature Change to Identify Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
▶
Water
14 classes
ORS, Uniform and Non-Uniform Mixtures, and 9.1 Solute, Solvent, Solution
The Chashni Puzzle, and Activity 9.1: How Much Salt Will Water Take?
Saturated and Unsaturated, Concentration, Dilute and Concentrated, Solubility
Activity 9.2: Baking Soda at 20, 50 and 70 °C, and Asima Chatterjee
2.4.4 Are the Crystals of Salts Really Dry?
Experiment 10: Showing that Copper Sulphate Crystals Contain Water of Crystallisation
Hard Water and Detergents
Experiment 22: Comparative Cleansing Capacity of Soap in Soft and Hard Water
Water as the Universal Solvent: Why It Dissolves So Much
Water of Crystallisation: Hydrated Salts and Their Colours
Efflorescent, Deliquescent and Hygroscopic Substances
Drying Agents and Dehydrating Agents
Temporary and Permanent Hardness of Water
Removing Hardness: Boiling, Washing Soda and Ion Exchange
▶
Atomic Structure and Chemical bonding
17 classes
Atoms Are Not Indivisible: The Cathode Ray Tube and the Electron
Discovering the Proton and the Neutron
Bohr's Model of the Atom
What Bohr's Model Achieved — and Where It Fell Short
6.4 Limitation of Rutheford Model of Atom
6.5 Bohr’s model
6.5.1 Achivement of Bohr Model
The Octet Rule and Lewis Symbols
7.1 Octet Rule
7.1.1 Lewis Approach
6.6 Check Your Understanding
Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment and the Nuclear Model
Atomic Number, Mass Number and Electronic Configuration
Why Atoms Bond: Stable Outer Shells
Electrovalent Bonding: Formation of Sodium Chloride and Magnesium Oxide
Covalent Bonding: Sharing in Hydrogen, Chlorine, Water and Methane
Ionic and Covalent Compounds: Properties Compared
▶
The Periodic Table
6 classes
Why Elements Needed Sorting: The Early Search for Order
Dobereiner's Triads
Newlands' Law of Octaves and Its Limits
Mendeleev's Periodic Table and Predicting Missing Elements
The Modern Periodic Law and Atomic Number
The Modern Periodic Table: Groups, Periods and Blocks
▶
Study of the First Element -Hydrogen
10 classes
2.1.2 How do Acids and Bases React with Metals?
Experiment 2: Reaction of Zinc with Sulphuric Acid, Precipitation of Barium Sulphate, and Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride
Experiment 13: Reaction of Metals with Dilute Acids
Hydrogen: Position, Occurrence and Physical Properties
Preparing Hydrogen from Water: Steam on Metals and Electrolysis
Preparing Hydrogen from Dilute Acids and from Alkalis
Laboratory Preparation of Hydrogen: Apparatus, Collection and Test
Industrial Preparation of Hydrogen by the Bosch Process
Hydrogen as a Reducing Agent: Oxidation and Reduction
Uses of Hydrogen and Why It Is a Fuel of the Future
▶
Study of Gas Laws
6 classes
How Gases Behave: Pressure, Volume and Temperature
Boyle's Law: Pressure and Volume at Constant Temperature
Charles' Law: Volume and Temperature at Constant Pressure
The Celsius and Kelvin Scales and Absolute Zero
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
Gas Law Numericals: Combining Boyle's and Charles' Laws
▶
Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry
5 classes
The Atmosphere and Its Layers
Air Pollutants: Sources of Oxides of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur
Acid Rain: How It Forms and What It Damages
Effects of Air Pollution on Health, Buildings and Plants
Controlling Air Pollution: What Industries and Citizens Can Do
▶
The cell, a unit of life
11 classes
The Cell Membrane and the Journey of Water
The Cell Wall: Why Plants Stand Up
Inside the Cell: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
The Nucleus: House of Coded Instructions
Ribosomes, ER and the Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes and Mitochondria
Plastids and Vacuoles
Activity 2.3: Your Own Cheek Cells, and the Three Parts of a Cell
What Each Part of a Cell Does, and 2.1.1 Variation in Shape and Structure
Protoplasm: The Living Substance of the Cell
Plant Cell and Animal Cell Compared
▶
Tissues
12 classes
What a Tissue Is, and Why Plants and Animals Differ
Apical Meristem: How Plants Grow Longer
Lateral and Intercalary Meristems
Meristematic Cells, and Differentiation
Epidermis: The Plant's Outer Defence
Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma
Xylem, Phloem and the Three Tissue Systems
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue I: Blood
Connective Tissue II: Bone, Cartilage, Tendon and Ligament
Muscular Tissue: Three Kinds of Movement
Nervous Tissue
▶
Flower
7 classes
The Parts of a Flower
Experiment 33: To Study the Parts of a Flower and Their Role in Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Pollination to Germination
The Whorls of a Flower: Calyx and Corolla
Androecium and Gynoecium: The Reproductive Whorls
Inflorescence: Racemose and Cymose Types
Placentation: How Ovules Are Arranged in the Ovary
▶
Pollination
6 classes
Pollination, Self and Cross
Pollination Strategies and Pollinators
How Efficient Is Pollination? Breeding for Better Crops
Agents of Pollination: Wind, Water, Insects and Birds
Flower Adaptations for Wind and Insect Pollination
Self-Pollination Versus Cross-Pollination: Advantages and Disadvantages
▶
Fertilisation
4 classes
Fertilisation, Fruit and Seed
The Pollen Grain Germinates: Growth of the Pollen Tube
Double Fertilisation and Triple Fusion
After Fertilisation: Ovule Becomes Seed and Ovary Becomes Fruit
▶
Structure of dicot and monocot seeds. Germination of seeds, types, and conditions for seed germination
6 classes
Structure of a Dicot Seed: The Bean
Structure of a Monocot Grain: Maize
Dicot and Monocot Seeds Compared
Conditions Needed for Seed Germination
Hypogeal Germination
Epigeal Germination
▶
Respiration in plants
8 classes
5.3 Respiration: Breaking Down Glucose With and Without Oxygen
Respiration in Plants and Animals, and Why Oxygen Reaches Every Cell
10.4 Do Plants Respire? Activity 10.8 and the Lime Water Test (Fig. 10.9)
Experiment 26: To Study the Liberation of Carbon Dioxide Gas During Aerobic Respiration
Experiment 27: To Study the Liberation of Carbon Dioxide Gas During Fermentation
Glycolysis: Splitting Glucose into Pyruvate
The Krebs Cycle and Release of Carbon Dioxide
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Compared by Energy Yield
▶
Diversity in Animal Kingdom
12 classes
Kingdom Animalia and the Notochord
Porifera and Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes and Nematoda
Annelida and Arthropoda
Mollusca and Echinodermata
Protochordates, Vertebrates and Their Adaptations
The Criteria of the Five Kingdoms
Pisces: Life in Water
Amphibia: Living on Land and in Water
Reptilia: Dry Scaly Skin and Egg Laying on Land
Aves: Feathers, Wings and Flight
Mammalia: Hair, Milk Glands and Live Birth
▶
Useful role of bacteria
10 classes
The Nitrogen Cycle
Kingdom Monera
10.3 Microbes as Tools in Biotechnology
10.4.1 Crop production and agriculture
10.4.2 Medicine and Health Care
10.4.3 Food processing
10.4.5 Environmental protection
Making Human Insulin Using Bacteria
Biogas, Chakrabarty's Oil-Eating Bacterium, and Activity 2.8
Bacteria in Industry: Curd, Vinegar and Retting of Fibres
▶
Harmful role of bacteria
5 classes
How Bacteria Spoil Food
Preventing Food Spoilage
Bacterial Diseases of Plants: Citrus Canker and Crown Gall
Bacterial Diseases of Animals and Humans
Bacteria as Bio-weapons: Anthrax
▶
Economic importance of Fungi
7 classes
Kingdom Fungi
Why the Dough Rises, and Activity 2.9: Two Bowls of Milk
2.4 How Are We Connected to Microbes? Pickles, and Activity 2.7
Why Microbes Make Perfect Tools
Yeast in Breweries and Bakeries
Fungi in Cheese Processing
Mushroom Cultivation Step by Step
▶
Nutrition
13 classes
5.2.2 and 5.2.3 Heterotrophic Nutrition and How Organisms Obtain Food
Nutrition in Human Beings: The Mouth and Chewing
Nutrition in Human Beings: Stomach and Small Intestine
3.4.2 Non-Communicable Diseases: Deficiency Diseases, Chronic Illness, and Diabetes in India
6.4.1 Meeting Nutritional Needs: Activity 6.3 and Table 6.3
Iron and Vitamin B12, Dorothy Hodgkin, and 6.4.2 Personal Hygiene (Fig. 6.1)
9.1.2 Ruminants (Fig. 9.6) and the Gizzard of Birds (Fig. 9.7)
Classes of Food: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
Vitamins, Minerals, Water and Roughage
The Balanced Diet and Its Needs at Different Ages
Teeth: Types, Structure and Dental Formula
The Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands: Liver and Pancreas
Absorption of Food and Egestion
▶
Skeleton - Movement and Locomotion
7 classes
The Musculoskeletal System
Types of Joints
The Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton: Skull, Vertebral Column and Rib Cage
The Appendicular Skeleton: Girdles and Limbs
Movable and Immovable Joints in the Human Body
▶
Structure and functions of skin
5 classes
The Layers of the Skin: Epidermis and Dermis
Functions of the Skin
Derivatives of the Skin: Hair, Nails and Glands
Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands and Skin Care
How the Skin Regulates Body Temperature
▶
A brief introduction to communicable, non-communicable, endemic, epidemic, pandemic and sporadic diseases
7 classes
3.3 Signs and Symptoms, and 3.4 What a Disease Is and the Two Types
3.4.1 How Communicable Diseases Spread, Fig. 3.4, and What a Vector Is
Activity 3.4 and Table 3.1, Part One: The Diseases That Travel Through the Air
Table 3.1, Part Two: The Diseases That Travel Through Water and Food
Table 3.1, Part Three: Malaria and Dengue, and the Eight Everyday Precautions
Snapshots, and Keep the Curiosity Alive: Question 1, Sorting Five Diseases
Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic and Sporadic Diseases with Examples
▶
Bacterial, Viral, Protozoan, Helminthic diseases
8 classes
Cholera: Cause, Spread and Prevention
Typhoid and Tuberculosis
AIDS: Cause, Spread and Prevention
Chicken Pox and Hepatitis
Malaria: The Parasite and the Mosquito
Amoebic Dysentery and Sleeping Sickness
Ascariasis and Taeniasis: Intestinal Worms
Filariasis: Cause, Symptoms and Control
▶
Aids to Health
9 classes
3.5 Prevention Is Better Than Cure: Activity 3.6, the Bhadrak Campaign, and Immunity
Vaccines and Acquired Immunity: How They Are Made, and the Tetanus Shot
Edward Jenner, Variolation and the Teekedaars, and Think Like a Scientist: How Smallpox Was Beaten
Vaccines Are Preventive, Not Curative: India's Vaccine Production, M. K. Bhan, and 3.5.1 Antibiotics
Fleming's Chance Discovery of Penicillin, and How Antibiotic Resistance Spreads (Fig. 3.5a)
Activity 3.7 and Fig. 3.5b: Using Antibiotics Wisely, and What Traditional Medicine Can and Cannot Do
Question 11, and Discover, Design, and Debate: The Health Diary, Smallpox, and CPR
Antitoxins and Sera: Ready-made Protection
Antiseptics and Disinfectants and How They Differ
▶
Health Organizations: Red Cross, WHO
4 classes
The Red Cross: Origin and Aims
Major Activities of the Red Cross
The World Health Organization: Aims and Structure
Major Activities of WHO
Economics
19 chapters
▶
Definition of Economics according to Adams, Robbins, Keynes and Samuelson
5 classes
Economics: Scarce Resources and the Choices We Make
What Economics Deals With
1. Why Economics?
Definitions of Economics by Adam Smith and Alfred Marshall
Robbins' Scarcity Definition and Keynes' and Samuelson's Views
▶
Micro & Macro Economics
2 classes
1.5 Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics: Differences with Examples
▶
Types of activities
3 classes
Economic Activities: Meaning and Examples
Non-economic Activities: Meaning and Examples
Economic and Non-economic Activities Compared
▶
Basic Economic terms
6 classes
2.1 Utility
Factors of Production — part 1
Wants, Goods and Services
Wealth and Its Characteristics
Production and Consumption
Value, Price and Other Basic Terms
▶
Entities
4 classes
Households as Entities of the Economy
Firms and Their Role
The Government Sector
The Foreign Sector
▶
On the basis of Nature
8 classes
What an Economic System Is
The Planned Economy
The Market Economy
The Mixed Economy
2.1 Introduction: planned development and economic systems
The Capitalist Economy
The Socialist Economy
Capitalist, Socialist and Mixed Economies Compared
▶
On the basis of Development
3 classes
Developed Economies and Their Features
Developing Economies and Their Features
Developed and Developing Economies Compared
▶
Economic growth and development
3 classes
Economic Growth: Meaning and Measures
Economic Development: Meaning and Indicators
How Growth and Development Differ
▶
Limited availability of Resources
9 classes
Economic Choices: The Questions Everyone Has to Answer
Needs and Wants, and Why Wants Never Stop
Choices and Limited Resources: Alternative Uses and Opportunity Cost
Resources: Meaning, Classification and Planning
The Three Key Questions, and What to Produce
The Production Possibility Curve: Reading the Farmer's Table
Factors of Production — part 2
Types of Resources: Natural, Human and Capital
The Basic Economic Problem: Scarcity and Choice
▶
Central problems of an economy
5 classes
For Whom to Produce: Four Kinds of Shoe
How to Produce: Labour-Intensive or Capital-Intensive
1.2 Central Problems of an Economy
1.3.1 The Centrally Planned Economy
The Central Problems Compared: What, How and For Whom
▶
Primary Sector: Agriculture
13 classes
Sectors of Economic Activities
How to Create More Employment?
Technological and Institutional Reforms
2.3 Agriculture: land reforms
2.3 Agriculture: the Green Revolution and the debate over subsidies
Traditional Systems and the Green Revolution: Fig. 1.17's Terraces, Kulāgar, Gokṛiṣhi, Fig. 1.18 and Fig. 1.19
The Costs of the Green Revolution and Sustainable Pathways: Sikkim, Neem, and Fig. 1.20's Three Heritage Systems
Rising Importance of the Tertiary Sector
5.5 Diversification: dairy, fisheries, horticulture and information technology
Contribution of Agriculture to the Indian Economy
Problems of Indian Agriculture
Government Measures to Help Agriculture
Food Security in India
▶
Secondary: Industry
9 classes
Manufacturing and Classification of Industries
Agro-Based Industries - Cotton, Jute and Sugar
Mineral-Based Industries - Iron, Steel and Aluminium
Chemical, Fertilizer, Cement and Other Manufacturing Industries
Industrial Pollution, Environmental Degradation and Its Control
Greening Cities, Buildings, Tourism, Industry and Transport
Meaning and Types of Industries
Adverse Impacts of Industrial Growth
Measures to Reduce the Harm of Industries
▶
Tertiary Sector
7 classes
4.6 Education sector in India
5.3 Understanding the Role of Banking in the Economy
3.4 Introduction to Insurance: Types and Importance
Healthcare as a Tertiary Service
Transport and Communication Services
Warehousing and Storage
Banking, Insurance and Education in the Service Sector
▶
Poverty
4 classes
Poverty and the Poverty Line
Absolute and Relative Poverty
Causes of Poverty in India
Effects of Poverty on People and Economy
▶
Unemployment
5 classes
6.7 Informalisation of the Indian workforce
6.8 Unemployment
6.9 Government and employment generation, and 6.10 Conclusion
Types of Unemployment
Causes of Unemployment in India
▶
Schemes and Programmes introduced by the government to remove poverty & unemployment
3 classes
Why Poverty and Unemployment Need Government Schemes
MNREGA: Aims and Working
Another Anti-poverty Programme: Aims and Working
▶
LPG Model
9 classes
What is Globalisation? The Role of Technology
Liberalisation of Trade and Investment Policy
Impact of Globalisation in India
3.1 Introduction and 3.2 Background to the economic reforms of 1991
3.3 Liberalisation: deregulation, financial, tax, foreign exchange and trade reforms
3.4 Privatisation
3.5 Globalisation: outsourcing and the World Trade Organisation
3.7 Conclusion
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: The LPG Model Together
▶
Smart city
3 classes
The Idea of a Smart City
Features of a Smart City
A Smart City Case Study
▶
‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India’
2 classes
Digital India: Aims and Pillars
Skill India: Aims and Programmes
Commercial Studies
17 chapters
▶
Commercial and Non-Commercial Activities
7 classes
Fundamentals of Business Activities
Fundamentals of Business Activities
Characteristics of Business Activities
Business, Profession and Employment Compared
Vocational Activities
Commercial and Non-Commercial Activities: The Difference
Examples of Commercial and Non-Commercial Activities in Daily Life
▶
Types of Commercial activities
4 classes
1.2.3 Comparison of Business, Profession and Employment
1.2 Concept of Business
1.2.1 Characteristics of Business Activities
Business, Profession and Employment: Definitions with Examples
▶
Business Activities
9 classes
Operative Activities in Business
Operative Activities in Business: Industry and Commerce
Industry: Concept, Characteristics, Types and Nature
Commerce and Trade
1.3 Classification of Business Activities
1.3.1 Industry
1.3.2 Commerce
1.3.3 Trade and Auxiliaries to Trade
Industry and Commerce: How They Fit Together
▶
Non-profit Organisations
4 classes
What a Non-Profit Organisation Is
Features of Non-Profit Organisations
Examples of Non-Profit Organisations in India
How Non-Profit Organisations Raise and Use Funds
▶
Commerce
6 classes
Banking and Insurance
Transportation
Components of Business: Industry, Commerce and Trade
Trade: Home Trade and Foreign Trade
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Aids to Trade: Warehousing, Advertising and Communication
▶
Commercial organisations – Classification on the basis of ownership
14 classes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Private Sector and Public Sector
3.3 Forms of Organising Public Sector Enterprises
3.3.1 Departmental Undertakings
3.3.2 Statutory Corporations
3.3.3 Government Company
3.4 Changing Role of Public Sector
3.6 Joint Ventures
3.6.1 Types of Joint Ventures
3.6.2 Benefits
3.7 Public Private Partnership (PPP)
Private Sector Enterprises: Meaning and Examples
Public Sector Enterprises: Meaning and Examples
Joint Sector Enterprises: Meaning and Examples
▶
Important departments of a Commercial Organization
11 classes
Fundamental Areas of Business
Fundamental Areas of Business: Finance, Marketing and Human Resources
Finance: Meaning, Needs and Sources
Marketing: Meaning and the Four Ps
Human Resources: Meaning and Management
How Marketing Differs from Sales, and Why Sales Suffers Without It
Human Resources and Professional Services
The Production Department: Planning, Producing and Quality Control
The Marketing and Sales Department
The Finance and Accounting Department
How the Departments of a Commercial Organisation Work Together
▶
Communication in Commercial Organisations
8 classes
Business Communication: Meaning, Process and Importance
Types of Communication and Barriers
The Business Letter
E-mail and the Telephone
Video Conferencing and Choosing the Right Method
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
The Role of Communication in Business
The Communication Process: Sender, Message, Channel and Feedback
▶
Meaning and objective
8 classes
Book Keeping: Meaning, Need, Objectives and Advantages
Introduction to Book Keeping and Accounting
Accounting: Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Users
1.1 Meaning of Accounting
1.2 Accounting as a Source of Information
1.3 Objectives of Accounting
The Accounting Cycle: From Transaction to Final Accounts
Bookkeeping and Accounting Compared
▶
Basic accounting terminology
8 classes
1.5 Basic Terms in Accounting
Business Entity, Assets, Liabilities, Capital and Dual Aspect
Business Entity, Dual Aspect and the Accounting Equation
The Accounting Equation and the Effect of Transactions
Capital, Drawings and Owner's Equity
Liabilities and Assets: Types and Examples
Revenue, Expenses, Income, Debtors and Creditors
Purchases, Sales, Stock and Returns
▶
Basic accounting principles and concepts
7 classes
2.1 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
2.2 Basic Accounting Concepts - I
2.2 Basic Accounting Concepts - II
Business Entity and Going Concern Concepts
Dual Aspect, Money Measurement and Cost Concepts
Accounting Period, Matching and Realisation Concepts
Conservatism, Consistency and Materiality
▶
Journal
13 classes
Journal and Subsidiary Books
Need for Journal and Journal Entries
Subsidiary Books I: Purchase, Sales and Return Books
Subsidiary Books II: Cash Book Overview and Journal Proper
Nature of Accounts, Rules of Debit and Credit, Vouchers
Classification of Accounts: Personal, Real and Nominal
Rules of Debit and Credit with Worked Transactions
3.3 Using Debit and Credit
3.4 Journal
Writing Journal Entries: Cash and Credit Transactions
Journal Entries for Purchases, Sales and Returns
Journal Entries for Expenses, Incomes and Drawings
Journalising a Month of Transactions: A Full Practice Set
▶
Ledger
9 classes
Ledger: Meaning, Importance and Form
Ledger, Posting and Balancing of Accounts
Posting from Journal to Ledger
Balancing of Ledger Accounts
3.5 The Ledger
3.6 Posting from Journal to Ledger
Balancing Ledger Accounts
Ledger Practice: Posting a Month of Transactions
Ledger Accounts of Cash, Purchases and Sales
▶
Trial balance
7 classes
Trial Balance by the Balance Method
Trial Balance: Meaning, Objectives, Features, Format and What It Proves
Preparing a Trial Balance by the Balance Method
Meaning and Objectives of a Trial Balance
Preparing a Trial Balance: Three Methods
Errors That a Trial Balance Can and Cannot Reveal
Trial Balance Practice: Preparing from Ledger Balances
▶
Banking
8 classes
4.4 Banking
4.4.1 Type of Banks
4.4.2 Functions of Commercial Banks
4.4.3 e-Banking
Commercial Banks: Public, Private and Cooperative
Savings Account and Current Account
Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit Accounts
Opening and Operating a Bank Account: Cheques, Pay-in Slips and Passbook
▶
Trade
6 classes
Non-Store Retailing: Mail Order Business and Tele-Shopping
Automated Vending Machines and Selling Through the Internet
E-commerce and E-trade: Meaning and How They Work
Merits of E-commerce
Demerits and Risks of E-commerce
Online Payments and Safe Online Shopping
▶
Social Responsibility of Commercial Organisations towards the Environment
12 classes
6.6 Business and Environmental Protection
6.6.1 Causes of Pollution
6.6.2 Need for Pollution Control
6.6.3 Role of Business in Environmental Protection
6.2 Concept of Social Responsibility
6.4 Kinds of Social Responsibility
6.3 Need for Social Responsibility
E-waste: What It Is and How to Handle It
Recycling by Businesses: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Afforestation and Green Initiatives by Business
Eco-friendly Products and Green Marketing
Environmental Laws and Legal Compliance for Business
French (Modern Foreign Language)
4 chapters
▶
Composition
6 classes
Choosing a Topic and Planning a Short French Composition
Describing People, Places and Daily Routine in French Paragraphs
Narrating Events in the Present and Past Tenses
Linking Ideas with Connectors and Opening and Closing Lines
Writing About Family, School and Hobbies Within the Word Limit
Checking Spelling, Accents and Word Count Before Handing In
▶
Email writing
6 classes
Writing a Letter; Discovering Libraries
Unit 4 Review: Dialogue, Letter Writing and Reading on Clothes
Layout of an Informal French Email: Subject, Greeting and Sign-off
Writing an Invitation or Thank-You Email of 80-100 Words
Writing an Email to a Friend About Plans, News and Holidays
Polite Formulas and Register: Tu and Vous in Emails
▶
Comprehension
6 classes
Reading a Short French Text for Gist and Main Ideas
Finding Specific Details: Who, What, Where, When
True or False and Multiple-Choice Tasks Based on a Passage
Answering Questions in Full French Sentences
Guessing Unfamiliar Words from Context and Cognates
Comprehension Practice with Dialogues, Notices and Advertisements
▶
Grammar
8 classes
Nouns, Gender and Number: Articles Definite, Indefinite and Partitive
Adjectives: Agreement and Position
Subject Pronouns, Possessive and Demonstrative Adjectives
Regular Verbs in the Present Tense: -er, -ir and -re
Irregular Verbs: Etre, Avoir, Aller and Faire
The Passe Compose and the Near Future
Negation, Question Forms and Interrogative Words
Prepositions of Place and Time, and Reflexive Verbs
German (Modern Foreign Language)
4 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Planning a German Composition of 100-120 Words
Writing About Myself, My Family and My Home in German
Writing About Daily Routine and Hobbies in German
Revising and Correcting a German Composition
▶
Email writing
4 classes
Layout of a German E-mail: Greeting, Body and Closing
Writing an Informal E-mail to a Friend in German
Writing an E-mail with an Invitation or Request
Answering and Replying to an E-mail in German
▶
Comprehension
4 classes
Reading Task: Matching Headings and Short Texts
Reading Task: True or False Statements
Reading Task: Multiple Choice Questions
Reading Task: Answering Questions on a German Text
▶
Grammar
6 classes
Nouns, Genders and Articles
Present Tense of Regular and Irregular Verbs
Word Order in German Sentences
Negation and Question Forms
Cases: Nominative and Accusative
Prepositions and Pronouns
Spanish (Modern Foreign Language)
4 chapters
▶
Composition
4 classes
Planning a 100-120 Word Composition in Spanish
Writing a Description or Narrative in Spanish
Linking Ideas with Connectors in Spanish Writing
Checking and Correcting Your Spanish Composition
▶
Email writing
4 classes
The Format of an Email in Spanish: Greeting, Body and Closing
Writing a Personal Email in Spanish
Writing a Formal Email in Spanish
Writing an 80-100 Word Email Within the Limit
▶
Comprehension
5 classes
Reading Short Spanish Texts for Main Ideas
Finding Specific Details in a Spanish Text
Matching, True or False and Multiple-Choice Reading Tasks in Spanish
Answering Written Comprehension Questions in Spanish
Practising a Full Set of Reading Tasks
▶
Grammar
6 classes
Spanish Nouns, Articles and Gender
Spanish Adjectives and Agreement
Present Tense of Regular and Irregular Spanish Verbs
Past Tenses in Spanish
Pronouns, Prepositions and Question Words in Spanish
Putting Spanish Grammar Together in Exam-Style Exercises
Classical Language
3 chapters
▶
Question on elementary Sanskrit grammar
6 classes
इदमपि जानन्तु
इदमपि जानन्तु
संयोगः; अभ्यासः (१–४)
योग्यताविस्तारः (Grammar: verbs, compounds, the book शुकसप्ततिः, forms of हन्)
Elementary Sanskrit Grammar: Questions on Nouns and Cases
Elementary Sanskrit Grammar: Questions on Verbs, Tenses and Sandhi
▶
Unprepared translation from English into Sanskrit
5 classes
वाक्यरचना तथा विभक्तिकारकाः (Sentence construction, cases and karakas)
वाक्यपरिवर्तनम्: वचनम्, लकाराः तथा उदाहरणवाक्यानि (Number, tenses and model sentences)
अनुवादाभ्यासः तथा प्रत्ययाधारितवाक्यानि (Translation practice and sentences with suffixes)
Translating Short English Prose Sentences into Sanskrit: Simple Present
Translating English Sentences into Sanskrit: Past and Future
▶
Unprepared translation from Sanskrit into English
4 classes
Reading Simple Sanskrit Sentences and Finding Subject, Verb and Object
Translating Short Sanskrit Prose into English
Translating Sanskrit Sentences with Cases and Tenses into English
Checking Meaning and Fluency in a Sanskrit-to-English Translation
Environmental Science
22 chapters
▶
Introduction: Overview of the environment around us
6 classes
13.1 Eco-system: What are Its Components?
13.2 How do Our Activities Affect the Environment? The Ozone Layer
4.4 Discuss the Impact of Human Activities on the Environment
Human Impact on the Earth's Processes
Components of the Earth: Land, Water, Air and Life
How People and the Environment Depend on Each Other
▶
Natural processes and cycles
6 classes
The Earth as One System: The Five Spheres
Biogeochemical Cycles and the Water Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Oxygen Cycle
Biological Processes: Photosynthesis, Respiration and Decomposition
▶
Biodiversity
12 classes
What Is Biodiversity
Importance and Loss of Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Why It Matters
India as a Biodiversity Hotspot
The Hierarchy of Classification
Binomial Nomenclature
Fossils, and Biodiversity Under Threat
13.1.1 Food Chains and Webs, and the Flow of Energy
4.2 Identify Local Species and Their Roles in Biodiversity
Species Diversity: Richness and Abundance
Interactions Between Species: Predation, Competition and Mutualism
▶
Ecosystems, their functions, services, carrying capacity and threshold level
1 class
Ecosystem Functions and Ecosystem Services, and What Industry Discharges
▶
India’s bio-cultural diversity
4 classes
India as a Bio-cultural Mosaic
Biodiversity Hotspots of India
Flagship Species: Tiger, Elephant and Others
Communities and Sacred Groves Protecting Nature
▶
Agricultural diversity
3 classes
Traditional Crops of India
Agricultural Diversity and Why Local Varieties Matter
Protecting Indigenous Seed Varieties
▶
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) and practices: Definition and benefits from the products
5 classes
What Indian Knowledge Systems Are
Ayurveda and Medicinal Plants
Yoga and Well-being
Traditional Town Planning and Water Management
Millets: The Forgotten Grains
▶
Human development - historical perspective
3 classes
From Hunter-gatherers to Farmers: Meeting Basic Necessities
Growing Wants and Rising Pressure on Resources
From Use to Overexploitation of Nature
▶
Industrialisation and urbanisation
7 classes
How do cities become centres of economic activity?
What leads to urbanisation? The process of urbanisation
Challenges faced by cities
Planning our cities
1 Before the Industrial Revolution
Impacts of Industrialisation on Air, Water and Land
Impacts of Urbanisation on Land, Resources and Waste
▶
Modern agricultural practices
4 classes
The Green Revolution and Modern Farming
Chemical Fertilisers: Benefits and Harm
Pesticides: Benefits and Harm
Safer Alternatives: Organic and Integrated Farming
▶
Environmental Degradation
7 classes
1.2 Explore the Effects of Pollution on Ecosystems
1.3 Examine the Impact of Climate Change on Wildlife
Land Degradation and Conservation
Industrial Pollution, Environmental Degradation and Its Control
Deforestation: Causes and Effects
Degradation of Ecosystems
Habitat Loss and Loss of Biodiversity
▶
Social Consequences
3 classes
Social Impacts of Environmental Degradation on Health and Livelihoods
Displacement, Migration and Inequality Caused by Degradation
Case Study of a Community Affected by Degradation
▶
Economic Consequences
3 classes
Economic Costs of Environmental Degradation
Effects on Agriculture, Fisheries and Tourism
Cost of Cleaning Up Versus Cost of Prevention
▶
Triple Planetary Crisis
10 classes
The Greenhouse Effect, and Why It Is Not a Plant Greenhouse
Eggs and Live Young, and 13.6 The Triple Planetary Crisis
Pollution, and the Agreements from Montreal 1987 to Paris 2015
One Connected System, What Everyone Can Do, and the Snapshots
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes
Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
Climate Change: Causes and Consequences
Climate Change: Fossil Fuels, the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (Fig. 3.16)
Biodiversity Loss as Part of the Triple Planetary Crisis
How Pollution, Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss Are Linked
▶
Environmental Pollution
6 classes
Loudness, Intensity and Noise
Air Pollution: Sources and Effects
Water Pollution: Sources and Effects
Soil Pollution: Sources and Effects
Noise Pollution: Sources and Effects
Other Types of Pollution: Light, Thermal and Plastic
▶
Biodiversity loss
3 classes
Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Nature and People
Endangered Species and Extinction
▶
Climate change
4 classes
Working Out Your Own Carbon Footprint
Causes of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change on People and Nature
Climate Change in India: Floods, Droughts and Heat Waves
▶
Introduction to Sustainable Development
3 classes
What Sustainable Development Means
Needs of Today and Needs of Tomorrow
Three Pillars: Environment, Society and Economy
▶
Approach to Sustainable Development
4 classes
Approaches to Sustainable Development: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Renewable Energy and Sustainable Transport
Sustainable Agriculture and Water Management
Role of Government, Industry and Citizens
▶
Environmental Ethics
3 classes
What Environmental Ethics Means
Respect for Nature in Indian Traditions
Our Duty Toward Other Living Beings and Future Generations
▶
Concept of Handprint
4 classes
Handprint Versus Footprint: A New Way to Think
Individual Actions That Create a Positive Handprint
Community-led Actions and Collective Handprints
Planning a Class Handprint Project
▶
Practical tools and exercises at home and schools for monitoring and improving the environment
11 classes
2.1 Identify Different Types of Waste and Their Sources
2.2 Explore the Impact of Waste on the Environment
2.3 Discover the Principles of the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
2.5 Implement a Personal Waste Reduction Plan
13.2.2 Managing the Garbage We Produce
Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Waste in Our Own Homes
3.4 Investigate Practical Green Practices for Homes
Conducting an Energy Audit
Conducting a Waste Audit
Water Budgeting at Home and School
Biodiversity Mapping of the School Campus
Computer Application
11 chapters
▶
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Concepts
6 classes
Java Programming Basics: OOP Introduction, Data Types, Variables and Operators
NetBeans IDE: Components, Projects and JFrame Form
Software Licenses and the Open Source Software Movement
4.2 Software Licences, Open Source, Intellectual Property and Plagiarism
How Java Programs Are Compiled: Source Code, Bytecode and the JVM
Features of Java: Simple, Portable, Secure and Object Oriented
▶
Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes
4 classes
Objects: Real World Things with State and Behaviour
Classes as Blueprints for Objects
Examples of Classes and Objects from Daily Life
Message Passing Between Objects
▶
Identifiers and Literals
14 classes
Basics of Python: Character Set, Tokens and Modes
Data Types, Operators and Expressions in Python
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 American Standard Code for Information
2.1.3 Unicode
5.3 Identifiers
5.7 Data Types
5.12 Type Conversion
5.12.1 Explicit Conversion
5.12.2 Implicit Conversion
Variables and Data Types: Integers, Floats and Strings
Input, Arithmetic and Type Conversion
Java Character Set, ASCII and Unicode, and Escape Sequences
Java Tokens: Keywords, Identifiers, Literals, Operators and Separators
▶
Operators in Java
5 classes
Arithmetic and Assignment Operators in Java
Relational and Logical Operators in Java
Unary, Binary and Ternary Operator Forms, and Increment and Decrement
Operator Precedence and Associativity
The new Operator and the Dot Operator
▶
Basic structure of a class in java
3 classes
Parts of a Java Class: Name, Variables, Methods and Constructors
Writing and Running a First Java Program
Comments, Indentation and Good Style in a Class
▶
Data processing in Java
5 classes
Declaring and Initialising Variables in Java
Taking Input with the Scanner Class
Displaying Output with print and println
Evaluating Expressions and Type Casting
Solving Simple Problems: Area, Interest and Averages
▶
Mathematical Library Methods
4 classes
Using Library Methods: The java.lang.Math Class
Math.pow, Math.sqrt and Math.cbrt
Math.abs, Math.max, Math.min and Rounding Methods
Math.random and Combining Math Methods in Programs
▶
Conditional statements in Java
5 classes
Selection Statements: if, if-else and switch-case
if and if...else Statements
if...elif...else, and Indentation
The if-else-if Ladder in Java
The switch Statement in Java: case, break and default
▶
Looping / Iterative statements in Java
11 classes
6.4 Repetition
6.4.1 The ‘For’ Loop
6.4.2 The ‘While’ Loop
Control Statements: Iteration in Python
6.5 Break and Continue Statement
6.5.1 Break Statement
6.5.2 Continue Statement
The for Loop
The for Loop in Java: Syntax and Series Programs
The while Loop in Java: Entry-Controlled Repetition
The do-while Loop in Java: Exit-Controlled Repetition
▶
Nested for loops
5 classes
Nested Loops
6.6 Nested Loops
Printing Number Patterns in Java with Nested Loops
Printing Star and Character Patterns in Java
Tracing Nested Loops by Hand and Debugging Them
▶
Ethical computing
4 classes
What Ethics Means in Computing
Cyber Safety, Privacy and Responsible Online Behaviour
Hacking, Piracy and Cyber Crime
Digital Footprint, Netiquette and Respect for Others Online
Economic Application
5 chapters
▶
Basic Concepts of Economics
14 classes
Economics: Scarce Resources and the Choices We Make
Choices and Limited Resources: Alternative Uses and Opportunity Cost
What Economics Deals With
The Three Key Questions, and What to Produce
For Whom to Produce: Four Kinds of Shoe
How to Produce: Labour-Intensive or Capital-Intensive
What an Economic System Is
The Planned Economy
The Market Economy
The Mixed Economy
1.2 Central Problems of an Economy
1. Why Economics?
What the Chapter Has Shown: Scarcity, Choice and the Three Questions
Economic Entities: Households, Firms and the Government
▶
An Overview of Indian Economy
9 classes
Sectors of Economic Activities
Comparing the Three Sectors
Rising Importance of the Tertiary Sector
How to Create More Employment?
Public and Private Sectors
3.6 Indian economy during reforms: reforms in agriculture, industry, disinvestment and fiscal policy
Features of the Indian Economy
The Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy
Problems Faced by Indian Agriculture
▶
Infrastructure of the Indian Economy
4 classes
The Morning Without Roads: What Physical Infrastructure Is, and Fig. 7.2's Seven Works
Rishabh's Journey and Satish's Tomatoes (Fig. 7.3): Infrastructure as a Jigsaw
Social Infrastructure, Littered Roads (Figs. 7.26, 7.27), and the Arthaśhāstra's Road Widths
Economic Infrastructure: Transport, Energy and Communication
▶
Consumer Awareness
9 classes
The Consumer in the Marketplace
The Consumer Movement
Right to Safety and Right to Information
Right to Choice and Right to Redressal
Consumer Organisations and COPRA's Three-Tier System
Taking the Consumer Movement Forward
How Consumers Are Exploited
The Right to Information Act and the Citizen
Food Adulteration and How to Guard Against It
▶
Globalization
6 classes
What Globalization Means
Factors That Promote Globalization
The World Trade Organization and Its Role
Positive Impact of Globalization
Negative Impact of Globalization
Globalization and the Indian Consumer
Commercial Application
4 chapters
▶
Introduction to Commercial Organisations
12 classes
Operative Activities in Business
Operative Activities in Business: Industry and Commerce
Industry: Concept, Characteristics, Types and Nature
Commerce and Trade
1.3 Classification of Business Activities
1.3.1 Industry
1.3.2 Commerce
1.3.3 Trade and Auxiliaries to Trade
Components of Business: Industry, Commerce and Trade
6.6.3 Role of Business in Environmental Protection
Environmental Awareness in Business
Sources of Pollution from Business and Industry
▶
Functioning of a Commercial Organisation
4 classes
Departments of a Firm: Purchase, Sales and Production
Departments of a Firm: Finance, Accounts and Personnel
How the Departments of a Firm Work Together
Following an Order Through the Departments of a Firm
▶
Business Communication
11 classes
Business Communication: Meaning, Process and Importance
Types of Communication and Barriers
The Business Letter
E-mail and the Telephone
Video Conferencing and Choosing the Right Method
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Communication Styles: Assertive, Aggressive, Passive-aggressive and Submissive
3.3 Explore the Role of Body Language in Effective Communication
Hard skills, soft skills and communication
Communication Skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing
Tools of Business Communication
▶
Mechanics and Terminology of Accounting Systems
12 classes
3.1 Business Transactions and Source Documents
3.2 Accounting Equation
3.3 Using Debit and Credit
3.4 Journal
3.5 The Ledger
3.6 Posting from Journal to Ledger
1.5 Basic Terms in Accounting
Nature of Accounts, Rules of Debit and Credit, Vouchers
Classification of Accounts: Personal, Real and Nominal
Rules of Debit and Credit with Worked Transactions
Vouchers and Supporting Documents
The Cash Book: Recording Cash and Bank Transactions
Art
4 chapters
▶
Drawing and/or Painting from Still Life
5 classes
Looking at a Still Life: Arranging Objects
Drawing the Outline and Proportion of Objects
Light, Shade and Form in Still Life
Painting Fruits, Vegetables and Domestic Objects in Colour
Background and Finishing a Painted Still Life
▶
Drawing and/or Painting from Nature
5 classes
Studying the Structure of Leaves, Sprays and Branches
Drawing Flowers and Fruit from Direct Observation
Natural Forms: Fossils and Bones
Outdoor Sketching from Nature
Decorative and Realistic Treatment of Natural Forms
▶
Original Imaginative Composition in Colour
5 classes
Planning an Imaginative Composition
Balance and Placement of Figures and Objects
Colour Schemes and Mood in Composition
Working in Traditional Techniques
Painting a Composition Directly Without Preliminary Sketches
▶
Applied Art
5 classes
Calligraphy and Lettering Basics
Designing a Book Page, Cover or End Paper
Designing a Notice or Pictorial Poster
Designing a Card or Emblem
Designing Patterned Paper
Performing Arts
63 chapters
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Non-detail terms
6 classes
Basic Terms of Sangeet, Nada, Swar and Thaat
Raga, Aroha, Avroha, Vadi and Swarmalika, Lakshan Geet, Khayal
Sthayi and Antara: The Two Main Parts of a Composition
Alankar, Taan and Alaap: Patterns that Decorate a Raga
Pakad: The Signature Phrase of a Raga
Matra, Taal and Theka: Thah, Dugun and Chaugun Explained
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Detailed topics
6 classes
Nada, Shruti and Swara
Saptak and Thaat
Jati, Laya and Tala
Varna in Vocal Music: Sthayi, Arohi, Avarohi and Sanchari
Swaramalika and Lakshangeet: Early Forms of Geet
Khayal and Dhrupad: Two Great Vocal Forms
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Description of the five ragas mentioned under ‘practical’
6 classes
How to Describe a Raga: Thaat, Jati, Vadi-Samvadi, Aroha-Avaroha, Pakad, Time and Similar Raga
Raga Yaman: Description
Raga Khamaj: Description
Raga Kafi: Description
Raga Bhairavi: Description
Raga Alhaiya Bilawal: Description
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Description of the five taals mentioned under ‘practical’
6 classes
Writing Tala Notation with Thah and Dugun; Rela, Tukra and Paran
Teentala: description and notation
Ektala: description and notation
Keharwa: Description, Thah and Dugun Notation
Dadra: Description, Thah and Dugun Notation
Chartaal: Description, Thah and Dugun Notation
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Knowledge of musical notation system of Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande
6 classes
Paluskar and Bhatkhande Notation Systems
Paluskar and Bhatkhande Notation Systems
Modern Period History, V.N. Bhatkhande and His Notation
Writing a Swaramalika and a Lakshangeet in Bhatkhande Notation
Writing a Chhota Khayal in Swara and Taal-lipi
Writing a Dhrupad in Bhatkhande Notation
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Identification of ragas with the help of given short Swara-vistar
4 classes
Listening for the Notes: How a Swara-vistar Reveals a Raga
Spotting Pakad Phrases and Vadi-Samvadi in a Swara-vistar
Telling Similar Ragas Apart by Their Swara Patterns
Practice: Identifying Ragas from Given Swara-vistar Passages
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: Life and contribution in brief of Tansen and Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande
2 classes
Tansen: Life and Contribution
V.N. Bhatkhande: Life and Contribution
▶
Hindustani Music: Vocal Music: PRACTICAL
6 classes
The Ragas Alhaiya Bilawal, Yaman and Kafi
Teentala, Ektala, Keharwa and Dadra: Description and Notation
Shuddha and Vikrit Swaras with Ten Alankars in Different Laya
Practising Ragas Khamaj and Bhairavi
Singing the National Anthem and National Song
Chartaal Theka with Hand Beats
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Non-detail terms
6 classes
Basic Terms: Sangeet, Dhwani, Nada, Shruti, Swara, Saptak, Alankar, Thaat, Jati
Margi and Desi Sangeet
Raga: Meaning and Features
Gat in Instrumental Music
Alaap and Toda: Opening Movements of an Instrumental Raga
Matra, Taal, Theka, Dugun and Chaugun for the Instrumentalist
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Detailed topics
4 classes
Mastkhani Gat: A Brief History
Razakhani Gat: A Brief History
Swara, Jati and Varna in Instrumental Music
Laya in Instrumental Music: Vilambit, Madhya and Drut
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Description of the five ragas mentioned under ‘practical’
5 classes
Describing a Raga: The Points to Learn for Each Prescribed Raga
Thaat and Jati of the Prescribed Ragas
Vadi, Samvadi and Swaras of the Prescribed Ragas
Aroha, Avaroha and Pakad of the Prescribed Ragas on the Instrument
Time of Playing and Similar Ragas Compared
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Description of the five taals mentioned under ‘practical’
4 classes
Jhaptala: description and notation
Rupak: description and notation
Dhamar: description and notation
Writing Thah and Dugun Notation for the Five Prescribed Taals
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Knowledge of musical notation system of Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande
3 classes
Razakhani Gat with Todas in the Three Ragas
Swara and Taal-lipi Symbols in Bhatkhande Notation for Instruments
Writing a Razakhani Gat with Bols in Notation
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Identification of ragas with the help of given short swara-vistar
4 classes
Listening for the Notes: How a Swara-vistar Reveals a Raga on the Instrument
Spotting Pakad Phrases and Vadi-Samvadi in a Swara-vistar for Instrumentalists
Telling Similar Ragas Apart by Their Swara Patterns on the Instrument
Practice: Identifying Ragas from Given Swara-vistar Passages Played on the Instrument
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): Life and contribution in brief of Tansen and Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande
2 classes
Tansen: life and contribution
V.N. Bhatkhande: life and contribution
▶
Hindustani Music: Instrumental Music (excluding Tabla): PRACTICAL
5 classes
Basic Techniques, Bols and Combinations of Syllables
Handling the Instrument and Playing Ten Alankars
Playing a Razakhani Gat in the Five Ragas
Playing a Simple Dhun
Playing the National Anthem, National Song and Thekas of the Five Taals
▶
Hindustani Music: Tabla: Non-detail terms
4 classes
Tala, Laya, Sam, Tali, Khali, Theka, Kayada, Rela, Palta, Tihai, Tukra and Paran
Laya, Tala, Matra, Sam, Tali, Khali, Vibhag and Avartan
Laya, Tala and the Parts of a Tala Cycle
Mohra, Mukhada, Kismen and Peshkara: More Tabla Terms
▶
Hindustani Music: Tabla: Detailed topic
2 classes
Origin and Gharanas of the Tabla
Laya and Layakari: Dugun, Tigun and Chaugun on the Tabla
▶
Hindustani Music: Tabla: Writing in Taal-notation of the six Taals mentioned under ‘practical’
3 classes
Notation of Talas in Thah, Dugun and Chaugun
Chautala: description and notation
Thekas, Thah and Dugun and Variations in the Prescribed Talas
▶
Hindustani Music: Tabla: Basic knowledge of Sangeet, Swara and Saptak
3 classes
Sangeet: Gayan, Vadan and Nritya
Swara: Shuddha and Vikrit Notes
Saptak: Mandra, Madhya and Taar Octaves
▶
Hindustani Music: Tabla: PRACTICAL
6 classes
Thekas of Dadra, Keharwa, Ektala and Teentala with Dugun
Raga Identification and Thekas with Dugun
Parts of the Tabla or Pakhawaj and the Varnas (Bols)
Laya Practice: Keeping a Steady Tempo on the Tabla
Sangat: Accompanying Songs in Dadra and Keharwa
Padhant: Reciting Bols Before Playing
▶
Carnatic Music: The fundamental technical terms and their meanings
3 classes
Basic Terms of Carnatic Music
Sruti, Swarasthana and Sthayi Explained
Arohana, Avarohana and Vakra Ragas Defined
▶
Carnatic Music: Principle of Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, notations
4 classes
The Seven Swaras of Carnatic Music: Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni
The Twelve Swarasthanas and the Variants of Ri, Ga, Dha and Ni
Reading Notation Symbols: Dots, Lines and Commas
Writing a Simple Phrase in Carnatic Notation
▶
Carnatic Music: Raga classification in Carnatic music
6 classes
Melakarta Scheme: Why There Are 72 Parent Ragas
The Twelve Chakras and Their Names
Katapayadi Formula: Finding a Melakarta Number from Its Name
Janya Ragas and Their Eight Kinds
Writing the Lakshana of a Raga
Practice: Classifying Ragas as Melakarta or Janya
▶
Carnatic Music: Lakshanas of the following 16 ragas
2 classes
Lakshanas of the Six Prescribed Ragas
Raga Lakshanas of the Ten Prescribed Ragas
▶
Carnatic Music: Manodharmasangita and its forms
4 classes
Manodharma Sangita: Music of the Performer's Imagination
Raga Alapana: How a Raga Is Unfolded Step by Step
Kalpanaswaras: Improvised Note Patterns
The Ten Gamakas (Dasavidha Gamakas)
▶
Carnatic Music: The scheme of 35 talas
6 classes
Tala, Laya and Avartana: The Heartbeat of Carnatic Music
Kala, Kaala and Graha: Speed Degrees and Starting Points
Shadangas and Kriyas: The Limbs of a Tala
The Scheme of 35 Talas: Seven Talas in Five Jatis
Chaputala and Its Varieties
Desadi and Madhyadi Talas, with Gati and Matra
▶
Carnatic Music: Musical forms and their classification
4 classes
Musical Forms of Carnatic Music
Musical Forms: Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tiruppugazh and Ragamalika
Gitam: The First Songs of a Carnatic Student
Tanavarna and Padavarna: Forms for Voice Training
▶
Western Music: Section A - Musical Instruments: Musical Instruments
7 classes
Keyboard Instruments and the Pipe Organ
The String Family: Violin, Viola, Cello and Double Bass
The Guitar: Acoustic, Electric and Bass
The Woodwind Family
The Brass Family
The Percussion Family
Tuning Notes and Clefs; Comparing Instruments
▶
Western Music: Section B - Forms and Analysis of Music: Forms of Music
4 classes
Symphony: The Structure of Its Four Movements
The Solo Instrument and Orchestra Form: A Conversation in Three Movements
Jazz: Roots, Swing and Improvisation
Popular Music: Styles from Pop to Rock
▶
Western Music: Section B - Forms and Analysis of Music: Life and Works
7 classes
Bach and Handel: Masters of the Baroque
Haydn and Mozart: Masters of the Classical Style
Beethoven: The Bridge from Classical to Romantic
Schubert and Brahms: Songs and Symphonies
Tchaikovsky and Dvorak: Romantic Orchestral Colour
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington: Jazz Pioneers
George Gershwin and Miles Davis: Jazz Meets the Hall and Cool Style
▶
Western Music: Section B - Forms and Analysis of Music: Technology in Music
4 classes
Electronic Music: The Theremin and the Moog Synthesizer
Industrial and House Music
Drum and Bass, Dubstep and Electro House
The Digital Audio Workstation: Recording, Editing and Mixing
▶
Western Music: Section B - Forms and Analysis of Music: Personal Experience
3 classes
Choosing Your Experience: Soloist, Choir, Orchestra or Musical Theatre
Planning a 500-Word Essay on a Personal Musical Experience
Writing and Revising Your Musical Experience Essay
▶
Indian Dance: Identification of different classical dance styles in India
4 classes
PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 1
PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 2
PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 3
Telling Six Classical Dances Apart: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Kuchipudi, Manipuri and Kathakali
▶
Indian Dance: The mythological evolution of dance and an elementary understanding of important texts like the Natya Shastra, and story lines associated with classical dance in India
7 classes
Themes from the Ramayana and the Bhagavata Purana
The Gita Govinda and the Legends of Nataraja, Mahishasura Mardini and Ganesha
Myths of the Odissi Stage: Kaliya Daman, Dashavatar, Vastra Haran, Nataraja, Draupadi Cheer Haran and Neuni Chura
Themes of Manipuri Dance: Puranic Stories and a Local Legend
The Natya Shastra and Its Musical Chapters
Natya Shastra and its place in Indian music
Rasa, Jati, Vadya and Tala in the Natya Shastra
▶
Indian Dance: The sociological development of dance – its history, roots, growth and revival
6 classes
Transition and Transformation: Rabindra Nritya and the Uday Shankar Style
Indian Dance: A Brief History and the Language of Dance
Indian Dance and the Southern Tradition: A Brief History
Indian Dance in Brief and the Terms of Dance: Nritta, Nritya, Natya, Tandava, Lasya, Natyadharmi and Lokadharmi
Indian Dance and Traditional Dance-Drama: A Brief History for the Manipuri Student
The Revival of Classical Dance in the Twentieth Century
▶
Indian Dance: An understanding of the guru-shishyaparampara (including the tradition and lineage associated with the chosen dance form only)
4 classes
Guru-Shishya Parampara: Learning at the Teacher's Feet
From Gurukul to Academy: How Dance Teaching Has Changed
Lineage of Your Chosen Dance Form
Duties of the Guru and the Disciple
▶
Indian Dance: Prominent exponents of the various different classical dance styles listed above
4 classes
Great Exponents of Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi
Great Exponents of Kathak
Great Exponents of Odissi
Great Exponents of Manipuri and Kathakali
▶
Indian Dance: An understanding of the dance repertoire and musical accompaniment (for the chosen dance style only)
9 classes
A PRESENTATION OF DANCE — part 2
The Bharatanatyam Repertoire: From Pushpanjali to Thillana
What Makes Bharatanatyam Distinctive: Costume, Music, Technique and Posture
The Repertoire and Literary Content of Kuchipudi
The Five Segments of the Odissi Repertoire: Mangalacharan, Batu, Pallavi, Abhinaya and Moksha
The Manipuri Repertoire and Its Literary Content
The Kathak Repertoire: Nritta, Nritya and Abhinaya
The Kathakali Repertoire and Its Attakatha
Musical Accompaniment in Classical Dance: Vocalist, Mridangam and Other Instruments
▶
Indian Dance: The relevance of dance in today’s world and the modern developments in dance
5 classes
INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 1
INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 2
INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 3
DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 3
DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 4
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Use of people, space and conflict in drama
5 classes
People, Space and Conflict: The Three Ingredients of Drama
Greek Theatre and Its Festivals
Greek Playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides
Aristotle's Ideas on Tragedy
Dramatic Structure and Freytag's Pyramid
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: The function of the director
3 classes
The Director's Role in a Production
Autocratic, Democratic and Collaborative Directing
Choosing a Directorial Style for a Scene
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: The actor – basic techniques of acting
10 classes
Understanding Emotions Begins: Bharata's Verse, and the Bhava and Rasa You Learnt in Grade 6
Exploring Expression Styles: The Same Emotion Shown Two Different Ways
Where the Voice Comes From: The Three Voice Subsystems
Activity 1.1: Clarity in Speech and the Tongue Twisters
Activity 1.2: Diction, Speed, Intonation and Word Impact
Volume and Pitch: What the Lion, the Mouse and the Owl Teach an Actor
Activity 1.4: If You Are an Actor - Choosing Volume and Pitch for Three Lines
Building a Role: Body, Voice and Character
Method Acting: A Truthful Approach to Performance
Principles of Movement for the Actor
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Movement and approaches
6 classes
Body Positions on Stage
Stage Directions and the Nine Stage Zones
Blocking a Scene
Turns and Gestures
Entries and Exits
Putting Movement and Blocking Together in a Short Scene
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: The stage
4 classes
Parts of the Stage: On Stage and Off Stage Areas
Sightlines and the Point of Power
Proscenium, Thrust and Arena Staging
Other Types of Staging: Black Box, Promenade and Open-Air
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Indian folk theatre
7 classes
The Natyashastra: Roots of Indian Theatre
Nautanki of North India
Kathakali and Yakshagana: Dance-Drama of the South
Ramlila: Retelling the Ramayana on Stage
Jatra of Bengal
Tamaasha of Maharashtra
Bhaona of Assam
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Puppetry
5 classes
Hand and Glove Puppets
Marionettes: Puppets on Strings
Bunraku: The Puppet Theatre of Japan
Togalu Gombayaata of Karnataka
Katputli of Rajasthan
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Street Theatre
3 classes
Street Theatre: A Brief History
Street Theatre in India: Voices of Protest and Change
Creating a Street Play
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Children’s Theatre
3 classes
Children's Theatre: A Brief History
What Makes a Play Right for Children
Creating a Children's Play
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Composition in Theatre
3 classes
Composition and Its Link to Blocking
Devices of Composition: Levels, Balance and Focus
Composing a Stage Picture for a Scene
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Picturisation in Theatre
3 classes
Purpose and Objective of Picturisation
Creating Mood Through Picturisation
Applying Picturisation to a Scene
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Rhythm
3 classes
Internal Rhythm of a Character
External Rhythm of a Scene
Rhythm in Speech for Actors
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Dramatisation
3 classes
What Is Dramatisation?
The Purpose of Dramatisation: Turning Stories into Scenes
Dramatising a Short Story
▶
Drama: Section A - Drama as Art: Literature
6 classes
The Caucasian Chalk Circle: Grusha and the Child in Brecht's Play
Brecht's Epic Theatre in The Caucasian Chalk Circle
Antigone: The Law of the State Against the Law of Conscience
Antigone: Characters and Dramatic Structure
Julius Caesar for Applied Assessment: The Plot Against Caesar
Julius Caesar for Applied Assessment: Characters and Themes
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Use of the stage: Application of theatre elements
3 classes
Set Design: Planning the Stage Picture
Using Blocking, Body Positions and Stage Directions with a Set
Theatre Elements Working Together on Stage
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: The production process
5 classes
Scripting: From Idea to Playscript
Auditions and Casting
Rehearsals: Planning and Running Them
Technical Rehearsals and Dress Rehearsal
Bringing the Production Together for Performance
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Sets
3 classes
Stage Equipment Used in a Set
Furniture and Props on a Set
Special Effects Apparatus
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Properties
3 classes
Types of Props: Hand Props, Set Props and Personal Props
Using Props in a Scene
Making and Managing Props
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Lighting
5 classes
Stage Lanterns and Their Uses
Purpose of Stage Lighting and Creating Mood
The Lighting Designer's Work
Rigging Lights Safely
Lighting Consoles and Cueing
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Sound
3 classes
Basic Sound Equipment in the Theatre
The Influence of Music in Theatre
The Sound Designer's Work
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Costumes
3 classes
Why Costume Matters in a Play
Period Costumes
The Costume Designer's Work
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Make-up
4 classes
Distinctive Aspects of Kathakali: Make-up Types, Costume, Expression and Orchestra
Uses of Make-up in Theatre
Types of Stage Make-up: Straight, Character and Special Effects
Applying Basic Stage Make-up
▶
Drama: Section B - Technical aspects of Drama: Stage management
3 classes
Functions of the Stage Manager
The Prompt Book and Calling Cues
Running a Show Backstage
Home Science
6 chapters
▶
Concept and Scope of Home Science
3 classes
Concept and Fields of Home Science
Career Options and Recent Trends in Home Science
Significance of Home Science in the Family, Community and Nation
▶
Food and Health
7 classes
Food, Nutrition and Health: Key Terms and Functions of Food
Macro-nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
Micro-nutrients: Vitamins A, B Complex, C, D, Calcium, Iron and Iodine
Food, Health, Diseases and Malnutrition
Basic Cookery Terms and Methods of Cooking
Health Benefits of Common Herbs and Spices
Water, Minerals and Fibre in the Diet
▶
Growth and Development of Children from Birth to Five Years
10 classes
Concept of Growth and Development
Principles of Growth and Development
Age-Specific Milestones from Birth to 3 Years
Play in Early Childhood: Meaning and Its Role in Development
Types of Play and Selection of Play Material (Birth to 5 Years)
Complementary Feeding, Immunisation and Health Problems of Infants
Childhood (3 to 11 Years): Early and Middle Childhood Milestones
Feeding Children with Special Needs and Immunisation in the Preschool Years
The Play-School: Purpose and Features of a Good One
Common Childhood Diseases: Causes, Signs and Prevention
▶
The Home and its Maintenance
8 classes
Waste Management: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair and Recycle
Proper Disposal of Kitchen Waste
Hygiene in the Kitchen and Personal Hygiene of the Food Handler
Unsafe Zones at Home and the Need for Safety
Colour: Hue, Value and Intensity, and Simple Colour Schemes
Using Colour in Rooms and Furnishings
Lighting in the Home: Natural and Artificial Sources
Sustainable Use of Fuel and Energy at Home
▶
Textile Science and Fabric Construction
10 classes
Fibre and Yarn: Definition and Classification of Fibres
Characteristics of Fibres I: Feel, Appearance, Colour Fastness, Length and Strength
Characteristics of Fibres II: Absorbency, Shrinkage, Elasticity, Effect of Heat and Sunlight
5.1-5.3 Understanding Fibres: From Fibre to Fabric
5.4-5.6 Yarn Processing, Fabric Construction and Finishing
5.7 Getting to Know Important Fibres
Cotton and Silk: Properties and Uses
Wool, Rayon, Nylon and Polyester: Properties and Uses
Burning Tests to Identify Fibres
Woven, Non-woven and Knitted Fabrics Compared
▶
Communication & Extension
6 classes
6.1 Understanding Communication: Meaning, Types and the Process
6.2 Media: Meaning, Classification and Functions
1.5 Develop Strategies for Effective Communication in Families
Functions and Importance of Communication
Elements of Communication and Common Barriers
Interpersonal Communication Skills: Listening and Speaking Well
Cookery
4 chapters
▶
The Nutritive Value of Foods
13 classes
Food, Nutrition and Health: Basic Terms
Food Groups and Functions of Food
Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
Water, Fibre and Balanced Diet
Food, Nutrition and Health: Key Terms and Functions of Food
Macro-nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
Micro-nutrients: Vitamins A, B Complex, C, D, Calcium, Iron and Iodine
Food, Health, Diseases and Malnutrition
The Concept of a Balanced Diet
3.4-3.5 Planning Balanced Diets: Food Groups and the Food Guide Pyramid
ICMR Food Groups and Their Nutritional Importance
Deficiency Disorders: Anaemia, Goitre, Rickets and Scurvy
▶
Basic methods of Cookery and Principles involved
10 classes
Aims and Objectives of Cooking Food; Classification of Cooking Methods
Simple Methods of Cooking: Boiling and Blanching
Simple Methods of Cooking: Grilling, Broiling and Frying
Heat Transfer and Moist Methods of Cooking
Dry Methods of Cooking
Cooking in a Medium of Fat
Objectives of Cooking Food
Steaming and Pressure Cooking: Principles, Advantages and Precautions
Stewing and Baking: Principles, Advantages and Precautions
Basic Cooking Terminology Used in the Kitchen
▶
Methods of preparing and cooking food to preserve nutritive properties and to improve flavour
9 classes
Effect of Heat on Vegetables and Fruits; Preserving Nutrients
Effects of Heat on the Components of Food
Guidelines for Cooking to Save Nutrients and Improve Flavour
Sprouting and Malting to Raise Nutritive Value
Fermentation and Fortification of Foods
Par-boiling of Rice and Its Nutritional Benefit
Spices and Herbs in Indian Cooking
Leavening and Tendering Agents
Thickening Agents and Garnishing
▶
Physical changes in food during cooking
7 classes
3.4 Effect of Heat on Vegetables & Fruits
Effect of Heat on Carbohydrates: Starch and Sugar
Effect of Heat on Proteins, Fats and Minerals
Effect of Heat on Cereals and Pulses
Effect of Heat on Eggs and Milk
Effect of Heat on Meat
Role of Acids and Enzymes During Cooking
Fashion Designing
3 chapters
▶
A simple study of natural and synthetic fibres - origin, properties and how they are produced
14 classes
2.1 Identify Different Types of Fibres: Natural vs. Synthetic
2.2 Explore the Properties of Key Fibres Used in Fashion
2.3 Investigate Fabric Construction Techniques: Weaving vs. Knitting
2.4 Examine the Role of Fabric Finishes in Enhancing Textile Performance
2.1 Identify Different Fabric Types and Their Uses
2.2 Explore Natural vs. Synthetic Fibers
2.3 Analyze the Properties of Common Textiles
Understanding Fabric: Fibres, Yarns and How Fabric Is Made
Textile Fibres: Natural and Manmade
Yarns: Spinning and Types of Yarn
Weaving and Basic Weaves
Outline of Fibre Manufacture: From Plant, Animal and Chemical Sources
Blended Fabrics: Why Fibres Are Mixed and What Results
How Fabrics React Under Normal Use: Wear, Washing and Creasing
▶
The purchase of fabrics; approximate prices and estimation of quantity
6 classes
Where and How to Buy Fabric
Reading Fabric Width, Price and Labels
Approximate Prices of Common Fabrics
Estimating the Fabric Needed for a Garment
Supplementary Materials: Interfacing, Lining, Thread, Zips and Buttons
Choosing and Using Supplementary Materials
▶
Choice of clothes for an individual (of any age) in relation to figure types, style, occasion, colour, fabrics and climatic conditions
9 classes
2.4 Compare Fabric Durability and Care Requirements
2.5 Select Appropriate Fabrics for Specific Apparel Projects
3.2 Explore Color Theory and its Application in Fashion Sketching
3.4 Create Basic Fashion Sketches of Clothing Silhouettes
3.5 Integrate Textures and Fabrics into Your Fashion Designs
Clothes for Different Figure Types
Choosing Clothes by Style and Occasion
Clothes for Climate and Season
Clothes for Different Ages: Infants to Elders
Physical Education
11 chapters
▶
The Human Anatomy and Physiology
8 classes
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
The Skeletal System
Anatomy, Physiology and the Living Bone
The Five Types of Bone, and Cartilage
Tendons, Ligaments and Range of Motion
Joints and How They Are Classified
The Six Types of Synovial Joint
What Movement Gives: Joints, Falls and the Mind
▶
Muscular System
7 classes
Muscular and Respiratory Systems
Effects of Physical Activity on Bones and Muscles
Improving Strength and Muscular Endurance
Muscles: Structure, Three Types, and How They Are Named
UNIT 1 — part 2
Identifying the Main Muscles of the Body
Benefits of Exercise on the Muscular System
▶
Respiratory System
7 classes
Breathing, Respiration and Double Circulation
Effects of Physical Activity on Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Breathing and Respiration Are Not the Same Thing
The Pathway of Air Through the Respiratory System
Mechanics of Breathing: Inspiration and Expiration
Oxygen Debt and Second Wind
Vital Capacity and Benefits of Exercise on Breathing
▶
Circulatory System
10 classes
The Heart as Two Pumps
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation, and the Five Kinds of Vessel
Heart Sounds, and What Controls the Flow
Cardiac Output, Cardiac Index and Blood Pressure
What Exercise Does Immediately, and What It Does Over Time
What Training Does Over Years
Effects of Exercise on the Body's Systems
Vital Statistics: Blood Pressure, Height, Mid-arm Circumference and BMI
What Movement Gives: Heart, Lungs and Blood Sugar
Composition of Blood and Blood Groups
▶
Games and Sports
3 classes
Meaning of Games and Sports and the Difference Between Them
Psychological Benefits of Games and Sports
Social Benefits of Games and Sports
▶
CRICKET
8 classes
Cricket: History, Ground and Ways of Scoring Runs
Cricket: Ways of Getting Out and the Rules of the Game
Cricket: Batting, Bowling, Wicket-keeping and Fielding Skills
Cricket: How the Game Works
Cricket: From Test Matches to the IPL, and India's Story
Major Sports Competitions: Olympics, Commonwealth, Asian and National Games
Cricket
Cricket Terminology
▶
FOOTBALL
6 classes
Football: History, Field and Rules of the Game
Football: Fundamental Skills, Lead-up Activities and the Goalkeeper
Football
Football Playing Area, Equipment, Players and Officials
Football Terminology
Football: Governing Bodies and Major Tournaments
▶
HOCKEY
8 classes
Hockey: History, Field and Equipment
Hockey: Rules, Free Hits, Penalties and Shootout
A Hundred Years of Indian Hockey
India's Eight Olympic Golds, and the Turf That Changed the Game
Hockey
Hockey Fundamental Skills: Dribbling, Pushing, Hitting and Tackling
Hockey Terminology
Hockey Governing Bodies and Major Tournaments
▶
BASKETBALL
8 classes
Team Games and Basketball: History, Court and Rules
Basketball: Dribbling, Passing, Shooting, Defence and Rebounding
Basketball: The Game and Its Skills
Basketball: Naismith, the YMCA and India
Basketball
Basketball Players, Officials and Equipment
Basketball Terminology
Basketball Governing Bodies and Major Tournaments
▶
VOLLEYBALL
13 classes
Volleyball: History, Court, Net and Rules
Volleyball: Smash, Block and Lead-up Activities
UNIT 5 — part 1
UNIT 5 — part 2
UNIT 5 — part 3
UNIT 5 — part 4
UNIT 5 — part 5
Volleyball
UNIT 5 — part 9
UNIT 5 — part 6
Volleyball Fundamental Skills: Service, Pass, Set and Spike
Volleyball Terminology
Volleyball Governing Bodies and Major Tournaments
▶
BADMINTON
8 classes
Badminton: History, Events, Court and Rules
Badminton: Grips, Service and Return of Service
Badminton
Complete the Task: Marking the Badminton Court and Finding Its Rules
FSA-13 The Badminton Match: Rally Scoring to Five Points
Badminton Strokes: Clear, Drop, Smash and Net Play
Badminton Terminology
Badminton Governing Bodies and Major Tournaments
Yoga
21 chapters
▶
The Human Skeleton
8 classes
Anatomy, Physiology and the Living Bone
The Five Types of Bone, and Cartilage
Tendons, Ligaments and Range of Motion
Joints and How They Are Classified
The Six Types of Synovial Joint
The Skeletal System
The axial and appendicular skeleton
The curves of the spine and the rib cage
▶
The Muscular System
7 classes
Muscular and Respiratory Systems
Effects of Physical Activity on Bones and Muscles
Organ Systems and How the Body Moves
Types of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac
How muscles attach to bone, and agonist and antagonist pairs
Important muscles of the body and what they do
Good posture and why it matters
▶
The Respiratory System
6 classes
Breathing, Respiration and Double Circulation
Effects of Physical Activity on Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
4.5 Dive into Pranayama: Techniques for Breath Control
Parts of the respiratory system and the path of air
Intercostal muscles, diaphragm, ribs and sternum in breathing
How yoga cultures the breath
▶
The Digestive System
4 classes
The alimentary canal: mouth, food pipe and stomach
Small intestine, large intestine and the helping organs
Location and function of each part of the digestive system
A healthy diet and its importance
▶
Valmiki
5 classes
Valmiki's early life before he became a sage
Narada's meeting with Valmiki and the change of heart
From Mara to Rama: how Valmiki became a seer
Valmiki and the writing of the Ramayana
Lava and Kusha: Valmiki as teacher
▶
Kabir
5 classes
Kabir's birth and early life
Kabir and his teacher Ramananda
Kabir as a social and religious rebel
The Kabir Bijak
Kabir's dohas and their message
▶
Mirabai
5 classes
Mirabai's early life
Mirabai's devotion to Krishna
Mirabai's marriage and the trials she faced
Mirabai's poems and songs
Mirabai in Vrindavan and her last days
▶
Ramakrishna Paramhansa
5 classes
Ramakrishna's early life
Ramakrishna's marriage to Saradamani
Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar
Bhairavi Brahmani and Totapuri as his teachers
Miraculous events in Ramakrishna's life
▶
Guru and Shishya
4 classes
The importance of a Guru in yoga
Qualities of a Guru
Types of shishya
The guru-shishya relationship
▶
The four Purusharthas, the four Ashramas
3 classes
The four Purusharthas: dharma, artha, kama and moksha
The four Ashramas: brahmacharya to sannyasa
How the Purusharthas and Ashramas fit together in a life
▶
The four Margas (Bhakti, Karma, Raja, Jnana)
7 classes
Major Schools of Yoga: Jnana, Bhakti, Karma, Patanjali and Hatha
Ashtanga Yoga: Meaning and the Eight Limbs
4.2 Understand the Eight Limbs of Ashtanga Yoga
Bhakti yoga: the path of devotion
Karma yoga: karma kaushalam, nishkama karma and samatvam
Raja yoga and Ashtanga yoga
Jnana yoga: the path of knowledge
▶
Patanjali and his contributions to Yoga
3 classes
Introduction to Patanjali Yoga Sutra
4.1 Explore the Philosophy of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras
The life of Patanjali and his three great works
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Ashtanga Yoga as defined in the Yoga Sutras
9 classes
4.3 Analyze the Philosophical Principles of Yama and Niyama
4.4 Practice Asanas: Foundations of Physical Discipline
4.6 Apply Meditation and Samadhi in Daily Life
4.2 Understand the Eight Limbs of Yoga
Bahiranga and Antaranga sadhana: outer and inner practice
The five Yamas
The five Niyamas
Kriya Yoga: tapas, svadhyaya and Ishvara pranidhana
Pranayama, pratyahara and dharana as steps toward dhyana
▶
An Understanding of Yoga
3 classes
Yoga: Etymology, Definition, Aim, Objectives and Misconceptions
Yoga versus physical exercise
Mind-body-spirit harmony through yoga
▶
Hatha Yoga
5 classes
4.3 Examine Hatha Yoga: History and Physical Practices
4.4 Analyze the Benefits of Hatha Yoga for Mind and Body
Introduction to Hatha Pradipika
Ha and Tha: sun and moon aspects in muscles and breath
The nadis: Ida, Pingala and Sushumna
▶
Psychological aspect of an asana practice
5 classes
The reactivity threshold in asana practice
Meditative asanas and the mind
Forward bending and back bending asanas and the mind
Standing and balancing asanas and the mind
Inverted asanas and the mind
▶
Pancha Koshas
8 classes
Holistic Health, and the Five Sheaths
Pranamaya and Manomaya Kosha
Vijnanamaya and Anandamaya Kosha
Exploring the Panchakosha in Five Days
Pancha Kosha: The Five Layers, and Annamaya Kosha the Physical Sheath
Pranamaya, Manomaya and Vijnanamaya Koshas: Energy, Mind and Wisdom
Anandamaya Kosha, and the Eight Limbs of Ashtanga Yoga
Holistic Approach of Yoga to Health and Disease
▶
Pancha Pranas
4 classes
Pancha Pranas: the five movements of prana
Prana and Apana: location and function
Samana and Udana: location and function
Vyana: location and function
▶
The Seven Chakras
4 classes
The seven chakras: an overview
Muladhara and Svadhisthana: location, function, element and colour
Manipura and Anahata: location, function, element and colour
Vishuddhi, Ajna and Sahasrara: location, function, element and colour
▶
Sutras
3 classes
Study of Selected Sutras of Patanjali
Yoga Sutra 2.29: the eight limbs and their meaning
Yoga Sutra 2.46: steady and comfortable posture
▶
Yogachara: wellness through the four pillars of yoga
7 classes
Yoga Diet and Its Importance in Yoga Sadhana
Dincharya and Ritucharya in a Yogic Lifestyle
Yogic Attitudes and Practices
Role of Yoga in Health Promotion
Vihar: relaxation and recreation in a yogic life
Achar: discipline and conduct
Vichar: thoughts and their effect on health
Technical Drawing Applications
8 chapters
▶
Types of lines
5 classes
Introduction to Engineering Graphics and Types of Lines
Conventional Representations and Angles
Centre, Extension, Projection and Dimension Lines in Use
Cutting-plane, Section and Hatching Lines
Short and Long Break Lines, and Line Thickness and Shade
▶
Dimensioning
3 classes
Dimensioning Basics: Units, Elements and Arrowheads
Systems and Methods of Dimensioning
Dimensioning Practice: Features, Principles and Correct Methods
▶
Lettering and Numbering
3 classes
Letter Printing: Construction of Capital Letters and Numerals
Lettering for Left-Handers and Essentials of Good Lettering
Small Letters: Freehand Single-stroke Lettering Between Guide Lines
▶
Sheet Layout
5 classes
Drawing Sheet Sizes and Margins
Drawing the Border Lines
Planning the Title Block
Filling in Name, Sheet Number and Title
Setting Up a Complete Drawing Sheet
▶
Geometrical Constructions
17 classes
Constructing Circles and Their Tangents
Inscribing Circles Inside Regular Figures
Rectilinear Figures: Construction of Triangles
Construction of Quadrilaterals
Construction of Regular Polygons
Bisection and the Perpendicular Bisector: Proving AB Bisects XY at Right Angles
Construction of the Perpendicular Bisector with Ruler and Compass
Construction of a 90 Degree Angle at a Given Point on a Line
Angle Bisection for a Design: Fig. 6.5, the 45 Degree Angle, and the General Method
Steps of Construction to Copy an Angle, and Figure it Out
Construction of a Line Parallel to a Given Line, and Figure it Out
Regular Hexagons from Six Equilateral Triangles, and the 360 Degree Gap Argument
Construction of a 60 Degree Angle, and a Regular Hexagon of Side 5 cm
Related Constructions: 30 and 15 Degree Angles, and the 6-Pointed Star
5.7 Drawing Parallel Lines with a Set Square (Figs. 5.21 and 5.22), and the Line Through A (Fig. 5.23)
Dividing a Line Segment into Equal Parts
Constructing Arcs and Joining Them Smoothly to Straight Lines
▶
Basic facility in Orthographic Projections
11 classes
Projection Basics: Solids, Views and the Language of Projection
Orthographic Projection: Planes, Quadrants and First and Third Angle Methods
Projection of Points in All Four Quadrants
Projection of Straight Lines: Reference-Plane Positions and True Length
Projection of Plane Figures: Perpendicular and Oblique Planes
Reading Machine Blocks: Face Types and the Three-View Method
Orthographic Views of Blocks with Plane Faces: Horizontal, Vertical and Inclined
Orthographic Views of Blocks with Curved Faces and Practice Problems
One Projection, Many Objects - and the Three Views
Figure it Out: Three Views of Seven Solids
Converting Pictorial Views into Third Angle Orthographic Views
▶
Isometric drawing
8 classes
Isometric Projection: Meaning, Isometric Axes and Isometric Scale
Isometric and Non-Isometric Lines, and the Steps of Isometric Drawing
Isometric Projection of Triangles, Squares and Pentagons
Isometric Projection of Hexagons and Circular Figures
Isometric Drawing (Isometric View) and Chapter Review
Isometric Projection: A Cube Balanced on Its Corner
Copying Isometric Figures from Given Drawings
Isometric Drawing of Cylindrical Objects
▶
Free hand sketching
6 classes
Freehand Lines and Curves: Tools and Techniques
Judging Proportion by Eye
Sketching Domestic Items
Sketching Household Appliances
Sketching Hand Tools
Adding Detail and Checking Proportion
Environmental Application
27 chapters
▶
Understanding ecosystems- threats and conservation measures
8 classes
4.1 Understand the Importance of Conservation in Our Ecosystems
4.2 Identify Local Species and Their Roles in Biodiversity
4.4 Discuss the Impact of Human Activities on the Environment
4.6 Present Solutions for Community-Based Conservation Initiatives
What Is Biodiversity
Importance and Loss of Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
Threats to Ecosystems: Habitat Loss, Pollution, Invasive Species and Climate Change
▶
Resource depletion
6 classes
Three Categories by Use: Life, Materials, Energy
The Condition on Renewability: Melting Glaciers and the Tuna
Non-Renewable Resources: Why India's Coal Has About Fifty Years
Stewardship: Groundwater Drawn Too Fast, Soil Fed Too Hard
Punjab's Groundwater: The Green Revolution's Long Bill, and Fig. 1.17
Resources: Meaning, Classification and Planning
▶
Waste generation
7 classes
2.1 Identify Different Types of Waste and Their Sources
2.2 Explore the Impact of Waste on the Environment
2.3 Discover the Principles of the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
2.4 Learn Effective Sorting Techniques for Recycling
2.5 Implement a Personal Waste Reduction Plan
Exemplar Project 1: Bio-degradable and Non-biodegradable Wastes
Managing Waste in Our Cities: Segregation, Composting and Landfills
▶
Economic disparities
4 classes
What Economic Disparity Means: Income, Wealth and Access
Rich and Poor Countries: Why Resource Use Differs
How Disparity Shapes Pressure on Natural Resources
Reducing Disparity: Fair Access to Resources
▶
Land use
3 classes
Land Resources and Land Use Pattern
Land Degradation and Conservation
Changing Land Use: From Forest and Farm to Town
▶
Biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem
5 classes
13.1 Eco-system: What are Its Components?
Table 12.1: Biotic and Abiotic Components, and How a Fish Lives in a Pond
Sharing One Habitat, 12.2 What a Population Is, and Activity 12.2
From Population to Community, How Pollination Works, and Activity 12.3
What an Ecosystem Is, Aquatic and Terrestrial, and the Ladder of Fig. 12.7
▶
Food chains, food web and trophic levels; Flow of energy through an ecosystem
5 classes
13.1.1 Food Chains and Webs, and the Flow of Energy
Table 12.4, and the Words for Who Eats What
Activity 12.6's Food Chain, and Activity 12.7: Building the Pyramid
Trophic Levels, and Activity 12.8: From Food Chain to Food Web
12.6 Decomposers and Saprotrophs, and the Migratory Birds of Khichan
▶
Ecological niche, habitat and micro habitat
5 classes
7.1.1 The Importance of Variation
Habitat: The Address of an Organism
Micro Habitats: Small Homes Within a Habitat
Ecological Niche: The Role an Organism Plays
Competition and Niche Overlap Between Species
▶
Succession and regeneration
4 classes
Ecological Succession: Meaning and Stages
Primary and Secondary Succession
Pioneer Species and the Climax Community
Regeneration: How Damaged Ecosystems Recover
▶
Ecotypes
3 classes
What an Ecotype Is: One Species, Different Local Forms
How Climate and Soil Produce Ecotypes
Ecotypes in Indian Plants and Animals
▶
Concept of species
4 classes
The Hierarchy of Classification
Binomial Nomenclature
1.2 Taxonomic Categories
What a Species Is: Members That Breed Together
▶
Extinction of species
5 classes
Wildlife and Wildlife Conservation
What Extinction Means: Local and Global
Causes of Extinction: Natural and Human
Endangered, Vulnerable and Extinct: The Red List Categories
Extinct and Endangered Species of India
▶
Indigenous species
3 classes
Indigenous Species: Meaning and Examples
Why Indigenous Species Matter to a Local Ecosystem
Protecting Indigenous Species and Traditional Knowledge
▶
Introduced species
4 classes
Introduced Species: How and Why They Arrive
Invasive Species and the Harm They Cause
Introduced Species in India: Examples and Lessons
Controlling Invasive Species
▶
Endemic species
4 classes
India as a Biodiversity Hotspot
Endemic Species: Meaning and Why They Are Rare
Endemic Species of the Western Ghats and the Himalaya
Endemic Species of the Islands and Their Risk
▶
Keystone species
3 classes
Keystone Species: The Species an Ecosystem Depends On
Examples of Keystone Species: Tigers, Elephants, Bees and Sea Otters
What Happens When a Keystone Species Is Lost
▶
Kinds of ecosystems
5 classes
Multiple Choice Questions
Ecosystems, and What Makes the Earth 'Just Right' for Life
Natural and Artificial Ecosystems
Terrestrial Ecosystems: Forest, Grassland and Desert
Aquatic Ecosystems: Freshwater, Marine and Wetland
▶
Conservation strategies
4 classes
4.5 Create a Personal Action Plan for Sustainable Living
In-situ Conservation: National Parks, Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves
Ex-situ Conservation: Zoos, Botanical Gardens and Seed Banks
Laws and Agreements That Protect Nature
▶
Value of bio-diversity
4 classes
Why Biodiversity Matters: Food, Medicine and Materials
Ecological Value of Biodiversity: Pollination, Soil and Water
Cultural, Aesthetic and Ethical Value of Biodiversity
Putting a Value on Nature: Ecosystem Services
▶
People as resources
4 classes
People as a Resource: Meaning and Human Capital
Education and Health as Tools to Build Human Resources
Skills, Work and Productivity in Our Economy
Human Resources and Sustainable Development
▶
Impact of modern technology on resources
4 classes
Technology and Resource Use: Faster Extraction
Benefits of Modern Technology for Saving Resources
Technology Harms: Pollution, E-waste and Overuse
Choosing Green Technology
▶
Urbanisation and its impact
5 classes
Population density in cities
What leads to urbanisation? The process of urbanisation
Challenges faced by cities
Planning our cities
Impact of Urbanisation: Heat Islands, Waste and Water Stress
▶
Ecological footprint of a city
4 classes
Ecological Footprint: Meaning and How It Is Measured
Footprint of a City: Food, Energy, Water and Waste
Comparing the Footprints of Different Cities
Reducing a City's Ecological Footprint
▶
Population (questioning Malthus, carrying capacity)
7 classes
Population at a glance
What determines the population of a country?
Birth and fertility rates
Death rate and migration
How do countries experience population change?
Malthus's Idea of Population and Food: Questioning It
Carrying Capacity of an Environment
▶
Poverty
4 classes
Poverty: Meaning and Measures
Causes of Poverty and Its Links to the Environment
Poverty in India: Who Is Poor and Where
Ways to Reduce Poverty
▶
Agriculture
8 classes
Types of Farming: Subsistence and Commercial
Cropping Seasons and Major Cereal Crops
Pulses, Sugarcane, Oil Seeds and Beverage Crops
Horticulture and Fibre Crops
Technological and Institutional Reforms
Nurturing the Soil: Crop Rotation, Contour Ploughing and Panchagavya against Terracing and Precise Fertiliser
Traditional Systems and the Green Revolution: Fig. 1.17's Terraces, Kulāgar, Gokṛiṣhi, Fig. 1.18 and Fig. 1.19
The Costs of the Green Revolution and Sustainable Pathways: Sikkim, Neem, and Fig. 1.20's Three Heritage Systems
▶
Towards a world without hunger
4 classes
Hunger and Food Security: Meaning and Measures
Causes of Hunger: Production, Distribution and Access
Food Security Schemes in India
Sustainable Farming and Reducing Food Waste for Zero Hunger
Mass Media & Communication
25 chapters
▶
Understanding Communication
6 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Mass Media and Mass Communication: Definition and Functions
Aspects of Mass Communication
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Defining Communication: Keith Davis, John Adair and Louis Allen
Features of Communication that All Definitions Share
▶
Evolution of Human Communication
6 classes
4.1 Explore the Evolution of Digital Media: From Blogs to Podcasts
Petroglyphs and Pictograms: The First Pictures
Ideograms and the Birth of Writing
From Handwriting to Printed Words
Audio-Visual Communication: Sound and Moving Pictures
Digital and Internet-Based Communication
▶
Elements of Communication
5 classes
1.2 Explore Linear Communication Models and Their Applications
The Sender and the Message
The Medium: Channels of Communication
The Receiver and Feedback
Identifying the Five Elements in Real Situations
▶
Process of Communication
4 classes
1.3 Analyze Interactive Communication Models in Modern Media
Encoding: Turning an Idea into a Message
Decoding: Making Sense of a Message
Noise and Breakdowns in the Communication Process
▶
Functions of Communication
4 classes
Communication to Inform
Communication to Educate
Communication to Entertain
Communication to Integrate Society
▶
Forms of Communication
6 classes
Pros and Cons of Written, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Pros and Cons of Written, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Oral Communication
Written Communication
Non-Verbal Communication: Gestures, Expressions and Posture
Formal and Informal Communication
▶
Definition of Mass Media
4 classes
Media Literacy and an Introduction to Mass Media
1.1 Identify Key Concepts in Mass Communication Models
What Mass Media Means: Definition and Characteristics
Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication Compared
▶
Timeline
11 classes
Evolution of Hindi Cinema: D.G. Phalke and the Silent Era
Hindi Cinema: Coming of Sound, the Studio Era and the Post-Independence Era
Evolution of Television: Doordarshan, Colour TV and Satellite Transmission
Evolution of Print Media and Print Journalism in India
Evolution of Radio in India: Before and After Independence
Evolution of New Media: The Internet in India
3.1 Explore the History and Evolution of Radio Broadcast
Block Printing, the Printing Press and the First Newspapers
Gramophone, Camera and Cinema
Radio and Television on the Timeline
The Internet and New Media on the Timeline
▶
Types of Mass Media
10 classes
3.2 Understand the Components of a Radio Studio
3.4 Analyze the Fundamentals of Television Production
Content Analysis of Radio Programmes
Content Analysis of Newspapers: Macro and Micro Composition
Content Analysis of Periodicals: Macro and Micro Composition
Features and Functions of Print Media
Features and Functions of Radio
Features and Functions of Television
Features and Functions of Cinema
Features and Functions of the Internet
▶
A brief history
4 classes
Stone Carving and Early Written Records
Chinese Wood Blocks and Block Printing
Gutenberg and the Printing Press
The First Newspapers
▶
Types of Print Media
4 classes
Newspapers and Magazines
Books and Journals
Leaflets, Brochures and Flyers
Posters and Their Use in Communication
▶
Types of Newspapers
3 classes
Newspapers by Frequency: Daily, Weekly and More
Newspapers by Geographical Distribution
Newspaper Versions: Print, E-Paper and Online
▶
Radio Broadcasting in India – AIR
4 classes
The Beginning of Radio in India and the Establishment of All India Radio
All India Radio during the Second World War
Radio in Post-Independence India
The Arrival of Private Radio Stations
▶
Characteristics of Radio
3 classes
Radio as an Audio and Wireless Medium
Why Radio Is Inexpensive and Reaches Far
Radio as a Mobile and Live Medium
▶
Radio Equipment
4 classes
The Radio Transmitter
The Radio Receiver
AM and FM Broadcasting Compared
Satellite Radio
▶
Types of Radio Broadcasting
3 classes
Public Service Radio Broadcasting
Private Radio Broadcasting
Community Radio
▶
Online and Amateur Radio (HAM Radio)
3 classes
What Online Radio Is and Its Impact
Amateur (HAM) Radio: Definition and Impact
Online Radio and HAM Radio Compared
▶
Definition
3 classes
What Advertising Is: Definition and Meaning
Elements of an Advertisement
Advertising and Other Forms of Persuasion
▶
Functions of Advertising
3 classes
Building Brand Image and Awareness
Creating Demand and Increasing Sales
Facing Competition and Raising Profits
▶
Models of Advertising
3 classes
The AIDA Model: Attention, Interest, Desire and Action
The DAGMAR Model
Applying AIDA and DAGMAR to a Real Advertisement
▶
Principles of Advertising
4 classes
Creativity and Research in Advertising
Consistency, Frequency and Simplicity
Ethics in Advertising
The Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
▶
A brief history of the Internet
4 classes
Information Theory and Wide Area Networks
Packet Switching and ARPANET
TCP/IP and the Growth of the Internet
The Birth of the World Wide Web
▶
Internet, Intranet and World Wide Web (www)
3 classes
What the Internet Is
Intranet: A Private Network
The World Wide Web and How It Differs from the Internet
▶
Internet utilities
7 classes
4.2 Identify Key Features and Functions of Blogging Platforms
4.6 Analyze the Impact of Social Media on Digital Journalism
Browsing the Web and Using Email
Online Broadcasting and Social Networking
Online Gaming and FTP
Online Banking and E-Commerce
Video Conferencing and Digital Marketing
▶
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
3 classes
What Artificial Intelligence Is and How Media Uses It
Positive Impacts of AI on Media
Negative Impacts of AI on Media: Deepfakes and Misinformation
Hospitality Management
6 chapters
▶
Soft Skills in Hospitality
6 classes
Communication: Meaning, Importance and the Communication Process
Verbal and Non-verbal Communication in Hospitality
Barriers to Communication and How to Overcome Them
Listening Skills and Courteous Speech with Guests
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
What Soft Skills Are and Why Hospitality Needs Them
▶
Tourism - Meaning, Purpose and its types, Components of Tourism, History of Tourism
15 classes
What Tourism Is, and Where It Came From
Visitor, Tourist, Excursionist and the Two Forms of Tourism
The Types of Tourism
The Components of the Tourism Industry
What Tourism Means
Why People Travel: The Purposes of Tourism
The Four A's: Components of Tourism
Domestic, Inbound and Outbound: Forms of Tourism
What Is Tourism: Meaning, Tourist and Travel Motives
Types and Forms of Tourism
Components of Tourism and the Link Between Tourism and Hospitality
Linkage between Leisure, Recreation and Tourism
Business Tourism and Leisure Tourism Compared
What a Tourist Needs: Transport, Stay, Food and Safety
How Tourism Developed in India and the World
▶
History of Hospitality, Hospitality in India, Global Hospitality
10 classes
The Hospitality Industry, and What a Hotel Is
How Hotels Began: the Ancient Era and the Grand Tour
The Modern Era and the Landmark Hotels
The Indian Hotel Industry and Its Timeline
The Major Indian Hotel Chains
International Hotel Chains: Holiday Inn, Intercontinental, Sheraton, Carlson
International Hotel Chains: Marriott, Hilton, Ramada, Hyatt
Hospitality from the Greeks and Romans to the Present Day
Atithi Devo Bhava: Hospitality in Indian Tradition
Taj, Oberoi and ITC: Indian Hotel Groups
▶
Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality
9 classes
Sustainable Tourism
Tourism and the Environment: Pressure on Resources
Tourism and the Environment: Pollution and Damage on the Ground
2.4 Understand the Principles of Eco-Tourism
2.5 Evaluate the Impact of Tourism on Local Environments
Meaning and Importance of Sustainability in Hospitality
Historical, Geographical and Cultural Areas of Tourism Interest
Carbon Footprint of a Hotel
Saving Energy, Water and Food in Hospitality
▶
Industries Related to Hospitality
10 classes
4.1 Identify Key Roles in Hospitality and Accommodation
4.2 Explore Types of Accommodation and Their Features
Hospitality
Introduction to Allied Areas of Hospitality Industry
Career Opportunities in Allied Areas
Scope of the Hospitality Industry: Core and Allied Areas
Hotels and Lodging Businesses
Retail Sector in Hospitality
Food Service Businesses: Restaurants, Catering and Fast Food
Airlines: Domestic and International Examples
▶
Department in Hotels
14 classes
4.3 Understand Front Office Operations and Responsibilities
4.5 Discover Food and Beverage Services in Hospitality
1.1 Define the Key Components of the Hotel Industry
1.3 Explore the Role of the Front Office in Hotel Operations
1.4 Describe Front Office Organizational Structure and Key Positions
2.1 Understand Front Office Operations and Guest Services
2.2 Explore Food and Beverage Service Techniques
2.3 Identify Key Roles in Housekeeping Management
Operations of Five Star Hotel
Introduction to the Food Production Department and Sections in a Kitchen
Duties and Responsibilities in the Kitchen
Sectors of the Food and Beverage Industry
Accommodation Operations: Housekeeping and Laundry
Sales and Marketing Department in a Hotel
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
22 chapters
▶
Understanding Robots
5 classes
What Is a Robot?
Characteristics of a Robot: Sensing, Thinking and Acting
Benefits of Robots over Humans: Quality, Productivity and Efficiency
Robots in Hazardous Environments and Over Long Working Spans
Limitations of Robots
▶
Evolution of Robots; Laws of Robotics
4 classes
From Early Automata to the First Industrial Robots
Milestones in Robots from the 1900s to Today
What Is Robotics? Definition and Scope
Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
▶
Classification of Robots
5 classes
Field-based Robots: Aerial, Ground and Underwater
Control-based Robots: Manual and Automatic
Bio-inspired Robots: Humanoids
Bio-inspired Robots: Birds, Snakes and Insects
Choosing the Right Type of Robot for a Task
▶
Real world Robots and their applications
6 classes
Domestic Robots
Industrial Robots
Medical Robots
Robots in Defence
Robots in Entertainment
Robots in Agriculture
▶
Building blocks of Robots
6 classes
General Block Diagram of a Robot
The Mechanical Block: Body, Frame and Actuators
The Electronic Block: Sensors, Controller and Power Supply
The Computational Block: How a Robot Processes and Decides
Design Aspects of Humanoid and Mobile Robots
Design Aspects of Aerial and Underwater Robots
▶
Identification of Robots
5 classes
Identifying Robots from Demonstrations, Videos and Pictures
Recognising an Industrial Robotic Arm
Recognising a Humanoid Robot
Recognising a Mobile Robot
A Robot's Body Can Take Any Form
▶
Types of motion; motion in one-dimension and two-dimension; types of joints and links
5 classes
Linear, Angular and Circular Motion
Motion in One Dimension
Motion in Two Dimensions
Links: Rigid and Soft
Joints: Prismatic, Revolute and Spherical
▶
Using links and joints to create specific motion
4 classes
How Links and Joints Combine to Create Motion
Finding Links and Joints in Everyday Mechanisms
Links and Joints in Industrial Robot Arms
Designing a Simple Jointed Arm
▶
Degree of freedom of a robot
4 classes
Degree of Freedom: Meaning
Counting Degrees of Freedom from Illustrations
Degrees of Freedom of Arms and Grippers
How Degrees of Freedom Decide What a Robot Can Do
▶
Meaning and brief history
7 classes
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Evolution of AI
1.1 Define Artificial Intelligence and Its Key Concepts
1.2 Explore the History and Evolution of AI Technology
What Artificial Intelligence Means
AI Terminologies: Machine Learning and Deep Learning
The Turing Test: How It Works, Its Use and Importance
▶
Applications and Benefits of AI
11 classes
4.1 Identify Key Real-World AI Applications in Various Industries
4.2 Analyze Case Studies of AI in Healthcare and Medicine
4.3 Explore AI Utilization in Finance and Banking Sector
4.4 Investigate the Role of AI in Environmental Conservation Efforts
1.5 Investigate Real-World Applications of AI in Various Industries
The Three Domains of AI and Everyday Applications
More AI Applications, and the Three Strands of a Braid
4.6 Develop a Mini-Project Showcasing AI Applications in Daily Life
Benefits and Limitations of AI
AI in Transport, Security and Defence
AI in Entertainment, Commerce and Agriculture
▶
Ethical considerations in AI
14 classes
2.1 Define and Discuss Ethics in Artificial Intelligence
2.2 Identify Examples of Bias in AI Systems
2.3 Explore the Impact of AI Bias on Society
2.4 Analyze Case Studies of Ethical Dilemmas in AI
Ethics in Artificial Intelligence and the Five Pillars of AI Ethics
Bias in AI: Awareness and Sources of Bias
Mitigating Bias in AI Systems
Bias and Fairness in Data and Models
Responsible Use of Data: Transparency, Accountability and Laws
4.5 Evaluate Ethical Considerations in Real-World AI Implementations
2.6 Create a Presentation on Ethical AI Practices
1.6 Analyze Ethical Considerations and Future Trends in AI
More Tools, and the Ethical Considerations of Generative AI
Interpretability and Explainability in AI
▶
Data and Information: Types of Data (audio, visual, numeric, text); Data to Information
6 classes
3.1 Identify Different Types of Data in Datasets
3.2 Explore Data Sources and Their Relevance
What Is Data?
Data vs Information
The DIKW Model: From Data to Wisdom
Identifying, Acquiring and Exploring Relevant Data before an AI Project
▶
Evolution of Computing: Pre AI/ML Binary Logic System, Conditional Gates, Deterministic computing for deterministic problems
6 classes
Binary Logic and Conditional Gates before AI
Deterministic Computing: Same Input, Same Output
Limits of Deterministic Computing
Deterministic and Probabilistic Problems in Real Life
Why We Need AI: Handling Doubt and Chance
AI Discretion: Decisions beyond Fixed Rules
▶
Familiarization with Python
6 classes
3.1 Understand Python Syntax Basics
1.1 Understand Python Basics for Data Analysis
1.1 Explore the Basics of Python Programming for Data Science
Basics of Python: Character Set, Tokens and Modes
Why Python? Uses and Advantages of a High-level Language
Setting Up Python: The Interpreter, IDLE and a First Program
▶
Introduction to data types and variables
6 classes
3.2 Explore Data Types and Variables in Python
1.2 Explore Python Data Types and Structures
Simple Program Structure, Indentation, Variables and Assignment
Numeric and Boolean Types
Sequence Types: Strings, Lists and Tuples
Sets and Dictionaries
▶
Introduction to Operators
5 classes
Data Types, Operators and Expressions in Python
Arithmetic and Assignment Operators
Comparison and Logical Operators
Identity and Membership Operators
Kinds of Statements in Python
▶
Conditional Statements
6 classes
3.4 Create Simple Conditional Statements
Control Statements: Selection in Python
Blocks and the if Statement
The if-else Statement and Nested if
The if-elif-else Ladder: Choosing among Many Cases
Shorthand Conditional Statements
▶
Control Statements
6 classes
3.5 Use Loops for Repetitive Tasks in Python
Control Statements: Iteration in Python
The while Loop
The for Loop over a Range and over Lists, Tuples, Strings and Dictionaries
Nested Loops
break, continue and pass
▶
Functions
5 classes
1.3 Implement Basic Python Functions for Data Handling
Built-in Functions in Python
User-defined Functions and Modularity
Arguments: Fixed, Default and Variable-length
Returning Values from a Function
▶
AI Concepts
13 classes
1.3 Identify Different Types of AI: Narrow vs. General AI
1.4 Examine AI Technologies: Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Types of AI
Domains of AI
AI Domains in Everyday Life
2.1 Define Neural Networks and Their Importance in AI
2.2 Explore the Structure of a Basic Neural Network
2.3 Understand the Role of Neurons and Activation Functions
Computer Vision and AI
Artificial Neural Networks
Strong AI and Weak AI Compared
Expert Systems and the Eliza Program
Natural Language Processing
▶
Components and Stages (alias AI Project Cycle)
26 classes
The AI Project Cycle: Six Stages, First Guesses
1.2.1 Problem Scoping: Definition and Choosing a Theme
From Theme to Topic to Goal
The 4Ws Problem Canvas: Who, What, Where, Why
The Problem Statement Template, Worked for Pest Management
1.2.2 Data Acquisition: Training Data, Testing Data, Data Features
Ways to Acquire Data, and Why the Source Must Be Reliable
1.2.3 Data Exploration: A Recap Quiz, and Why We Explore Before Modelling
Why We Visualise Data
Five Data Visualisation Techniques, Worksheet by Worksheet
Sketchy Graphs: Picking a Representation, Finding a Trend
1.2.4 Modelling Begins: Telling AI, ML and DL Apart
Rule-Based Models: Fixed Rules, and the Golf Example
Learning-Based Models: The Apple-or-Banana Example
1.2.5 Evaluation Begins: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, and the First Forest-Fire Case
True Negative, False Positive, False Negative: Finishing the Forest-Fire Cases
The ROC Curve, and Chapter Review
5.1 Define the AI Project Cycle: Understand Key Stages
5.2 Identify Project Goals: Setting Clear Objectives for AI
5.3 Gather and Analyze Data: Essential Steps in Planning
5.4 Design and Develop the AI Model: Building Basics
5.5 Test and Validate the AI System: Ensuring Reliability
Revisiting the AI Project Cycle
Revision Time: Problem Scoping
Revision Time: Data Exploration
Why We Evaluate Models
Assistant Beauty Therapist
24 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
3 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Communication Styles: Assertive, Aggressive, Passive-aggressive and Submissive
4.4 Develop Effective Client Communication Strategies
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
4 classes
Meaning of communication and why communication skills matter
Sender, ideas and encoding in the communication cycle
Channel, receiver and decoding in the communication cycle
Feedback and completing the communication cycle
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
3 classes
What a perspective is in communication
Visual perception, language and past experiences
Prejudices, feelings and environment
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
3 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
7 classes
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
Meaning of self-management and its positive results
Self-management skills
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
3 classes
Social, cultural and physical factors that build self-confidence
Getting rid of negative thoughts and thinking positively
Self-confidence tips: staying happy, clean, smart and with positive people
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
4 classes
Introduction to ICT
Role and importance of ICT in personal life
ICT tools: mobile, tablet, radio, TV and email
ICT at the workplace
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
Parts of a computer system: CPU, memory, motherboard and storage devices
Hardware and software
RAM and ROM: roles and functions
The Central Processing Unit: role and functions
Starting and shutting down a computer
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of a computer system
3 classes
Input devices: mouse, keyboard, scanner and webcam
Output devices and their uses
Connecting and using peripherals
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
Input, process, storage and output
Communication and networking
Basic computer skills practice
▶
Identify various types of business activities
3 classes
Service, manufacturing and hybrid businesses
Businesses and business activities in our community
Business activities around us
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing the characteristics of entrepreneurship
3 classes
Meaning of entrepreneurship development
Distinguishing characteristics of an entrepreneur
Role and rewards of entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
4 classes
Introduction to the environment
Society, environment and ecosystem: what causes imbalance
Natural resource conservation
Environment protection and conservation
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
5 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
What the green economy is
Why the green economy and green skills are important
▶
Identify various career opportunities in the beauty sector
5 classes
The Beauty and Wellness Industry in India
Sub-segments of the Beauty and Wellness Sector
Career Paths for an Assistant Beauty Therapist
1.1 Explore the Scope of the Beauty and Wellness Industry
1.4 Analyze Different Career Opportunities in the Sector
▶
Identify different services in beauty therapy
8 classes
Services in Beauty Therapy
Beauty Therapy Services: Manicure, Pedicure, Threading and Waxing
Beauty Therapy Services: Bleach, Clean-up, Make-up, Hairdo and Mehendi
Hair structure and the waxing service
Waxing procedure step by step
Threading procedure
Bleaching procedure
Manicure and Pedicure Techniques and Aftercare Advice
▶
Prepare and maintain the work area
9 classes
Preparing and Maintaining the Treatment Work Area
Sterilization and Disinfection; Waste Disposal; Hygiene Practices
Client Record Cards and Pre and Post Treatment Preparation of Clients
Health and Safety at Work Area: Manufacturer's Instructions and Contra-indications
Workplace Legislation and Storing and Handling Products, Tools and Equipment
The Salon Work Area and the Client Record Card
Cleaning, Disinfection, Sterilisation and Sanitising
Personal Presentation, Waste Disposal and Storing Tools
Compliance of rules and norms: the Act and the salon's obligations
▶
Maintain health and safety at the workplace
13 classes
Fire Safety: Flammable Items and the Five Classes of Fire
Fire Extinguishers and the Fires They Fight
First action in a fire, and first aid for burns
Rescue techniques in a fire
Electrical safety: the risks, the causes and electrocution
The effects of electrocution
Preventing Electric Shock and Rescuing a Victim
Chemical safety, and the chemicals in nail and hair products
The chemicals in dyes, bleaches, glues and removers
Chemical handling
Chemical storage, and first aid for chemical exposure
Posture, Lifting, Carrying and Risks at the Workplace
Parlour hygiene and personal protective equipment
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the anatomy of hands, nails, and feet
7 classes
Why a Beauty Therapist Studies Anatomy
Bones of the Arm, Hand, Leg and Foot, and What Massage Does for Them
The Muscular System and What Massage Does for It
The Nail: Keratin, Growth Rates and its Six Parts
The Parts of the Nail, One by One
Structure and Growth of the Nail; Nail Shapes, Conditions and Diseases
Anatomy and Physiology of Hands and Feet
▶
Perform manicure services
16 classes
Preparing the Work Area for Manicure and Pedicure
The tools: emery board, orange stick, knife, nipper, scissors, clippers and buffer
The tools: 3-way buffer, nail brush, hoof stick, rasp and pumice stone
What a contra-indication is, and those that prevent treatment
Contra-indications that restrict treatment
Nail separation, ingrowing nails, split and brittle nails and paronychia
Identifying weak, brittle and ridged nails and overgrown cuticles
What manicure is, and what to do before starting
Manicure steps 1 to 8: consultation, filing and cuticle cream
Manicure steps 9 to 12: soaking and removing the cuticles
Manicure steps 13 to 17: the hand massage
Applying Nail Polish, Coat by Coat
The five nail shapes, and how to file oval and square
How to file squoval, round and pointed nails
After care advice for manicure
The manicure activities, and what you should now be able to do
▶
Perform pedicure services
5 classes
What Pedicure Is, and How It Differs from Manicure
Contra-indications for pedicure, and the procedure as far as the first soak
The rest of the pedicure procedure, from hard skin to the record
The Pedicure Massage
After Care Advice for Pedicure
▶
Carry out application of simple mehendi designs
7 classes
What henna and mehendi are, and the rules before applying
The tools for mehendi, and the two steps of preparation
The materials of the mehendi mixture
The method of making the mehendi paste
Making the Cone and Applying the Design
Sparkle mehendi, wooden block mehendi and after care advice
The mehendi activities, and the chapter's questions
▶
Perform simple hair dressing services
9 classes
Why Hair Gets Damaged: Heat and the Environment
The Four Types of Hair, and Texture and Density
What Shapes a Hairstyle: Head Shape and Facial Features
Face Shape, Lifestyle, and the Two Kinds of Hair on the Body
The Structure of Hair: Bulb, Shaft and Root
Glands, Muscles and the Hair Growth Cycle
What Excessive Heat Does to Hair and Scalp
The last effects of heat, and the common hair and scalp conditions
Hair and scalp diseases, after care advice, and the session's exercises
▶
Make common hairdos
16 classes
What a hairdo does, and the plait
The twist and the braid
The knot and the chignon
The pleat
The roll and the ringlets
The smooth blow dry
The curly blow dry and tonging
Straightening and setting the hair
Hair accessories, and the pins
The hair clips
False hair and the head band
Maang tikkaa, tiara, paranda, net, veil and gajra
Styling Products and When Each One Goes On
Combs and brushes
The dryer, diffuser, tong, straightener and roller
How Styling Physically Changes the Hair
Assistant Hair Stylist
28 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
1 class
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
4 classes
What Communication Means and Why It Matters
Why Good Communication Skills Help in Work and Life
The Communication Cycle: Sender, Idea and Encoding
The Communication Cycle: Channel, Receiver, Decoding and Feedback
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
4 classes
What We Mean by a Perspective in Communication
How What We See and the Language We Use Shape Understanding
How Past Experience and Prejudice Colour Our Messages
How Feelings and Surroundings Change the Way We Communicate
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
3 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
7 classes
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
What Self-Management Means and Its Positive Results
Everyday Self-Management Skills: Discipline, Responsibility and Control of Emotions
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
5 classes
Social and Cultural Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Physical Factors and Self-Confidence: Health, Posture and Appearance
Letting Go of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Finding Happiness in Small Things and Keeping Company with Positive People
Staying Clean, Hygienic and Smart to Feel Confident
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
5 classes
What ICT Is and Why It Matters
ICT in Everyday Life: Examples at Home and in the Neighbourhood
The Role of ICT at the Workplace
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio and Television
ICT Tools: Email and Sending a Message Safely
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
The Parts of a Computer System: CPU, Memory, Motherboard and Storage
Hardware and Software: Telling the Two Apart
RAM and ROM: What Each Does and How They Differ
The CPU: The Brain of the Computer
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of computer system
4 classes
Input Devices: Mouse and Keyboard
Input Devices: Scanner, Webcam and Microphone
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer and Speakers
Connecting and Using Peripherals Safely
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
The Computing Cycle: Input, Process, Storage and Output
Communication and Networking on a Computer
Practising Basic Operations: Open, Type, Save and Print
▶
Identify various types of business activities
4 classes
Service Businesses Around Us
Manufacturing Businesses Around Us
Hybrid Businesses That Both Make and Serve
Business Activities in Our Town and Village: A Picture Poster
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing the characteristics of entrepreneurship
4 classes
What Entrepreneurship Development Means
Qualities That Mark an Entrepreneur: Initiative, Risk-Taking and Perseverance
The Role of Entrepreneurs in Society
The Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
5 classes
Our Environment and Its Parts
Society and Environment: How They Depend on Each Other
Ecosystems and What Upsets Their Balance
Why and How We Conserve Natural Resources
Protecting the Environment in Daily Life and at Work
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
5 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
What the Green Economy Means
Why a Green Economy Is Important for People and the Planet
▶
Identify various career opportunities in the beauty sector
5 classes
The Beauty and Wellness Industry in India
Sub-segments of the Beauty and Wellness Sector
Career Paths for an Assistant Beauty Therapist
The Beauty and Wellness Industry: Career Opportunities and Service Providers
Career Path of an Assistant Hair Stylist
▶
Describe the importance of beauty and hair care
3 classes
3.2 Explore the Importance of Hair Care in Wellness
3.6 Create a Personalised Hair Care Routine
Why Beauty Salons Matter to Clients and the Community
▶
Identify different services in hair care
7 classes
3.3 Demonstrate Proper Hair Washing Techniques
3.4 Master Blow-Drying and Styling Techniques
3.5 Learn About Basic Haircuts and Trimming
3.3 Demonstrate Proper Hair Washing Techniques
3.5 Provide Basic Hair Services: Trimming and Styling
Conditioning the Hair After Shampooing
Head Massage as a Hair Care Service
▶
Prepare and maintain the work area
9 classes
Preparing and Maintaining the Treatment Work Area
Sterilization and Disinfection; Waste Disposal; Hygiene Practices
Client Record Cards and Pre and Post Treatment Preparation of Clients
Health and Safety at Work Area: Manufacturer's Instructions and Contra-indications
Workplace Legislation and Storing and Handling Products, Tools and Equipment
The Salon Work Area and the Client Record Card
Cleaning, Disinfection, Sterilisation and Sanitising
Personal Presentation, Waste Disposal and Storing Tools
Compliance of rules and norms: the Act and the salon's obligations
▶
Describe health and safety at the workplace
17 classes
Fire Safety: Flammable Items and the Five Classes of Fire
Fire Extinguishers and the Fires They Fight
First action in a fire, and first aid for burns
Rescue techniques in a fire
Electrical safety: the risks, the causes and electrocution
The effects of electrocution
Preventing Electric Shock and Rescuing a Victim
Chemical safety, and the chemicals in nail and hair products
The chemicals in dyes, bleaches, glues and removers
Chemical handling
Chemical storage, and first aid for chemical exposure
Posture, Lifting, Carrying and Risks at the Workplace
Parlour hygiene and personal protective equipment
Self-Grooming to Salon Standards Before the Service
Choosing Safe and Fit Styling Tools and Products
Mixing Products in the Right Proportions and Avoiding Spillage
First Aid for a Reaction to a Hair Product
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the anatomical structure of hair
3 classes
The Four Types of Hair, and Texture and Density
The Structure of Hair: Bulb, Shaft and Root
Glands, Muscles and the Hair Growth Cycle
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge and skills of common diseases of the hair and scalp
5 classes
What Excessive Heat Does to Hair and Scalp
The last effects of heat, and the common hair and scalp conditions
Hair and scalp diseases, after care advice, and the session's exercises
Hair Fall: Causes and Simple Treatment
Split Ends and Dandruff: Causes and Treatment
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of shampoo and conditioner
5 classes
3.2 Explore Essential Hair Care Products
3.4 Examine Common Hair Care Products and Their Uses
Choosing Shampoo for Oily, Dry and Normal Hair and Scalp
Choosing Conditioner for Different Hair Types
Why Shampoo and Conditioner Are Important
▶
Perform shampooing and conditioning service
9 classes
4.5 Develop a Client Consultation Process
4.2 Identify Essential Salon Equipment and Tools
Preparing the Work Area and the Client for a Shampoo
Equipment and Materials for Shampooing and Conditioning
Checking Hair and Scalp Condition and Spotting Contra-indications
Setting the Chair for the Client's Comfort, Privacy and Safety
Step-by-Step Shampooing and Conditioning Procedure
Following the Salon's Code of Conduct During the Service
After-Care Advice and Asking for the Client's Feedback
▶
Make common hairdos
16 classes
What a hairdo does, and the plait
The twist and the braid
The knot and the chignon
The pleat
The roll and the ringlets
The smooth blow dry
The curly blow dry and tonging
Straightening and setting the hair
Hair accessories, and the pins
The hair clips
False hair and the head band
Maang tikkaa, tiara, paranda, net, veil and gajra
Styling Products and When Each One Goes On
Combs and brushes
The dryer, diffuser, tong, straightener and roller
How Styling Physically Changes the Hair
▶
Describe the customer feedback information
4 classes
4.6 Create a Client Feedback and Follow-up System
4.6 Evaluate Customer Feedback to Adjust Pricing and Services
Accepting Feedback in a Positive Manner
Filing, Documentation and Routine Reports of Feedback
▶
Describe scalp massage services
6 classes
Client Consultation and Preparation for a Scalp Massage
Analysing Hair and Scalp Before a Massage
When Not to Massage: Contra-indications
Selecting and Preparing Tools, Products and Equipment
Head Massage and Its Types of Strokes
Choosing Hair Oil, Serum or Gel as the Massage Medium
▶
Demonstrate head massage procedure
7 classes
Positioning the Client and the Assistant for a Head Massage
Precautions During a Head Massage
Head Massage Procedure: Strokes and Techniques
Zap Points and Chakras of the Head
Benefits of Head Massage and Factors That Affect It
Contra-indications and Marma Pressure Points to Avoid
Code of Conduct and Post-Care Advice for Home Care
▶
Describe the client feedback information
2 classes
Asking Simple Questions to Check the Client's Satisfaction
Thanking the Client or Apologising Politely
Basic Data Entry Operator
35 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
3 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Visual Communication: Signs, Symbols, Charts and Images
Choosing the Right Method of Communication for a Situation
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
7 classes
Meaning of Communication
Importance of Communication Skills
Sender, Ideas and Encoding
The Communication Channel
Receiver and Decoding
Feedback: Completing the Cycle
Putting the Communication Cycle Together
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
7 classes
What Perspective Means in Communication
Visual Perception and How We See Things
Language as a Factor in Communication
Past Experience Shapes What We Understand
Prejudices and Their Effect on Communication
Feelings and Communication
The Environment and Communication
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
3 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
8 classes
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
What Self-Management Means and Why It Matters
Positive Results of Self-Management
Self-Management Skills: Self-Control, Responsibility and Discipline
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
7 classes
What Self-Confidence Is
Social Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Cultural Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Physical Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Getting Rid of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Staying Happy with Small Things
Staying Clean, Hygienic and Smart, and Chatting with Positive People
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
9 classes
What Information Technology is: data, information and business
IT applications: home computing, everyday life and the library
IT at the workplace, and IT in education
IT in entertainment, communication and business
IT in science, banking, insurance and marketing
IT in health care, and the diagnostic machines
IT in government and public service, and the chapter's exercises
Introduction to ICT
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio, TV and Email
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
11 classes
What a Computer Is: Characteristics and Limitations
Hardware, Software and the Input-Process-Output Cycle
Inside the Computer: CPU and Memory
Storage Devices and Units of Memory
What Software Is and How We Talk to a Computer
Fundamentals of Computers: Characteristics, Components and Block Diagram
Input/Output Devices, Storage Devices and Memory Units
Operating System: Need, Functions and Types
RAM and ROM: Roles and Functions
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
The Motherboard and What It Connects
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of a computer system
6 classes
1.1 Identify and Describe Basic Hardware Components
1.2 Explore the Functions of Input Devices
1.3 Examine Output Devices and Their Uses
1.5 Investigate Peripheral Connectivity Options
Mouse and Keyboard as Peripheral Devices
Scanner, Webcam and Other Peripheral Devices
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
7 classes
Input Devices: The Keyboard and Pointing Devices
Output Devices: Monitors and Speakers
Computer Networks, Their Types and Devices
Wired and Wireless Networking Technology
The Internet, Email, Chat and Cloud Computing
1.4 Understand Storage Devices and Their Capacity
Primary Operations of a Computer: Input, Process, Storage and Output
▶
Identify various types of business activities
6 classes
What a Business Is
Service Businesses
Manufacturing Businesses
Hybrid Businesses
Businesses Found in Our Community
Business Activities Around Us: A Survey
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurship
6 classes
Meaning of Entrepreneurship Development
Who an Entrepreneur Is
Distinguishing Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
Creativity, Risk-taking and Leadership in Entrepreneurs
The Role of Entrepreneurship in Society
Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
6 classes
Introduction to the Environment
The Relationship Between Society and the Environment
Ecosystems and Their Parts
Factors That Cause Imbalance in an Ecosystem
Natural Resource Conservation
Protecting and Conserving the Environment
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
6 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
What a Green Economy Is
Why a Green Economy Matters
Green Skills and Green Jobs
▶
Appreciate the application of IT in IT-ITeS industry
13 classes
IT enabled Services, and BPO services
The IT-BPM industry in India
The structure of the IT-BPM industry: MNCs, ISPs and GICs
What Information Technology is: data, information and business
IT enabled Services, and BPO services
The IT-BPM industry in India
The structure of the IT-BPM industry: MNCs, ISPs and GICs
IT applications: home computing, everyday life and the library
IT at the workplace, and IT in education
IT in entertainment, communication and business
IT in science, banking, insurance and marketing
IT in health care, and the diagnostic machines
IT in government and public service, and the chapter's exercises
▶
Use data entry tools, keyboard, and mouse
22 classes
Keyboarding skills and the touch method
Types of keys on a computer keyboard
The numeric keypad, and the home and guide keys
Typing and deleting text, capitals and symbols
Sentences, new lines, and the cursor as a guide
Pointing devices, the mouse and the mouse pointer
The six mouse operations
Typing ergonomics
Positioning of fingers, and the home row
The third row, the first row, and the number row
Successful keyboarding tips, and checking your ergonomics
Keyboarding skills and the touch method
Types of keys on a computer keyboard
The numeric keypad, and the home and guide keys
Typing and deleting text, capitals and symbols
Sentences, new lines, and the cursor as a guide
Pointing devices, the mouse and the mouse pointer
The six mouse operations
Typing ergonomics
Positioning of fingers, and the home row
The third row, the first row, and the number row
Successful keyboarding tips, and checking your ergonomics
▶
Use typing software
12 classes
Rapid Typing Tutor, and the three stages of touch typing
The Rapid Typing Tutor window, and starting a lesson
Interpreting your results: the Rating and Errors tabs
Viewing statistics, and the lesson editor
Calculating typing speed: WPM, CPM, KPM and net speed
Accuracy, rhythm, slowdown, the overall rating and the records
Rapid Typing Tutor, and the three stages of touch typing
The Rapid Typing Tutor window, and starting a lesson
Interpreting your results: the Rating and Errors tabs
Viewing statistics, and the lesson editor
Calculating typing speed: WPM, CPM, KPM and net speed
Accuracy, rhythm, slowdown, the overall rating and the records
▶
Start the word processing application
12 classes
From handwritten documents to the typewriter
Word processing software and what it can do
LibreOffice, and the report we are going to build
Starting Writer, and creating, saving and opening a document
The parts of the Writer window
Moving the cursor
From handwritten documents to the typewriter
Word processing software and what it can do
LibreOffice, and the report we are going to build
Starting Writer, and creating, saving and opening a document
The parts of the Writer window
Moving the cursor
▶
Edit the document
8 classes
Editing: undo, cut, copy, paste and selecting text
Selection tricks, non-consecutive text and vertical blocks
Find and Replace, Go to Page, and non-printing characters
Spelling, grammar and the thesaurus
Editing: undo, cut, copy, paste and selecting text
Selection tricks, non-consecutive text and vertical blocks
Find and Replace, Go to Page, and non-printing characters
Spelling, grammar and the thesaurus
▶
Format the document
12 classes
Page setup, and the four ways of formatting text
Changing case, superscript and subscript
Paragraph style, indenting, aligning and colouring
Bullets and numbering, and paragraph colour, border and background
Page styles, page breaks, headers, footers and borders
Page setup, and the four ways of formatting text
Changing case, superscript and subscript
Paragraph style, indenting, aligning and colouring
Bullets and numbering, and paragraph colour, border and background
Page styles, page breaks, headers, footers and borders
Dividing a Page into Columns and Inserting Special Characters
Inserting and Formatting Images and Shapes in a Document
▶
Create and use a table
4 classes
What a table is, creating one, and inserting and deleting rows and columns
Splitting, merging, deleting, copying and moving tables
What a table is, creating one, and inserting and deleting rows and columns
Splitting, merging, deleting, copying and moving tables
▶
Print the document
6 classes
Printing a document
Printing a document
Printing a Document and Saving in Various Formats
Print Preview: Checking a Document Before Printing
Printing All Pages, a Single Page or Selected Pages
Controlling the Print Job: Copies and Printer Options
▶
Print the letters using mail merge
8 classes
Mail Merge: what it is, and the two documents it needs
Creating the data source, and starting the Mail Merge Wizard
Building the address list, the address block and the salutation
Adjusting the layout, finishing the merge, and the chapter's exercises
Mail Merge: what it is, and the two documents it needs
Creating the data source, and starting the Mail Merge Wizard
Building the address list, the address block and the salutation
Adjusting the layout, finishing the merge, and the chapter's exercises
▶
Create a spreadsheet
12 classes
What a spreadsheet is, and what Calc can do
Starting Calc, the title bar and the menu bar
The toolbars, the formula bar and the worksheet
Rows, columns, cells and the active cell
Ranges of cells
Entering data: selecting a cell, labels and values
What a spreadsheet is, and what Calc can do
Starting Calc, the title bar and the menu bar
The toolbars, the formula bar and the worksheet
Rows, columns, cells and the active cell
Ranges of cells
Entering data: selecting a cell, labels and values
▶
Enter and edit the text in spreadsheet
13 classes
Formulae, and why they begin with an equals sign
Mathematical operators and the order of evaluation
Formulae built from cell addresses
The Stationery Bill worksheet, inserting a column and copying a formula
Why functions are needed: SUM and AVERAGE
MAX, MIN and COUNT
The Format Cells dialog, decimal places, and cells as text
Formulae, and why they begin with an equals sign
Mathematical operators and the order of evaluation
Formulae built from cell addresses
The Stationery Bill worksheet, inserting a column and copying a formula
Why functions are needed: SUM and AVERAGE
MAX, MIN and COUNT
▶
Format data in the spreadsheet
9 classes
Date, time and alignment formats
Speeding up data entry, and the fill handle for series
Copying formulae with copy-paste and with the fill handle
The Format Cells dialog, decimal places, and cells as text
Date, time and alignment formats
Speeding up data entry, and the fill handle for series
Copying formulae with copy-paste and with the fill handle
Formatting Tools on the Calc Toolbar
Scientific Format for Very Large and Very Small Numbers
▶
Use referencing
4 classes
Referencing, and relative referencing
Mixed and absolute referencing, and the thumb rule
Referencing, and relative referencing
Mixed and absolute referencing, and the thumb rule
▶
Introduce the types of charts in Calc
4 classes
Charts: why they are used, the types, and creating one
The quadratic chart, and the chapter's exercises
Charts: why they are used, the types, and creating one
The quadratic chart, and the chapter's exercises
▶
Describe the quality of a good presentation
4 classes
What a presentation is, and what Impress is
The characteristics of a good quality presentation
What a presentation is, and what Impress is
The characteristics of a good quality presentation
▶
Create a presentation
10 classes
Starting Impress, the title bar and the menu bar
The toolbars and panes of Impress, and closing it
Creating a presentation from a template, choosing a layout and adding text
Saving a presentation, running a slide show, and HTML and PDF
Closing, reopening, Help, and adding slides
Starting Impress, the title bar and the menu bar
The toolbars and panes of Impress, and closing it
Creating a presentation from a template, choosing a layout and adding text
Saving a presentation, running a slide show, and HTML and PDF
Closing, reopening, Help, and adding slides
▶
Work with slides
6 classes
Slide layout, and copying, moving, deleting and renaming slides
Editing content: copy, move, delete, undo and redo
Viewing a presentation
Slide layout, and copying, moving, deleting and renaming slides
Editing content: copy, move, delete, undo and redo
Viewing a presentation
▶
Format the text in a presentation
4 classes
Formatting text
The Formatting Toolbar and Its Features
Aligning Text on a Slide
Bullets and Numbering on Slides
▶
Create and use a table in a presentation
4 classes
Inserting a table and entering data
Selecting, sizing, bordering and deleting a table
Inserting a table and entering data
Selecting, sizing, bordering and deleting a table
▶
Insert and format an image in the presentation
8 classes
Adding and formatting images
Drawing, grouping and ungrouping objects
Adding and formatting images
Drawing, grouping and ungrouping objects
Modifying an Image with the Image Toolbar
Resizing and Deleting an Image
Drawing Objects and Drawing Tools
Resizing and Grouping Objects
▶
Work with the slide master
4 classes
Slide masters and slide transitions
Slide masters and slide transitions
Creating a Slide Master and Applying It to All Slides
Adding Transitions Between Slides
Dietic Aide
25 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
4 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Pros and Cons of Written, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
4 classes
Methods and Media of Nutrition Communication
What Communication Means and Why Communication Skills Matter
The Communication Cycle: Sender, Ideas and Encoding
The Communication Cycle: Channel, Receiver, Decoding and Feedback
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
4 classes
What Perspectives in Communication Are
Visual Perception and Language as Factors Shaping Perspective
Past Experience and Prejudices as Factors Shaping Perspective
Feelings and Environment as Factors Shaping Perspective
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
8 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase, Kinds and Parts of Sentence
Writing Skills: Parts of Speech, Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
9 classes
Impressive Appearance, Dressing and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Time Management: Goals, Schedules and To-do Lists
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
What Self-management Means
Positive Results of Good Self-management
Self-management Skills: Self-control, Discipline and Responsibility
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
4 classes
Social, Cultural and Physical Factors That Build Self-confidence
Getting Rid of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Staying Happy with Small Things and Chatting with Positive People
Staying Clean, Hygienic and Smart to Feel Confident
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
7 classes
6.1 Understanding Communication: Meaning, Types and the Process
6.2 Media: Meaning, Classification and Functions
6.3 Communication Technology: From Radio to Teleconferencing
Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
Role and Importance of ICT in Personal Life and at the Workplace
ICT in Our Daily Life: Everyday Examples
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio, TV and Email
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
Parts of a Computer System: CPU, Memory, Motherboard and Storage Devices
Hardware and Software of a Computer System
RAM and ROM: Their Roles and Functions
The Central Processing Unit and Its Functions
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of computer system
3 classes
Input Peripherals: Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner and Webcam
Output and Storage Peripherals and Their Uses
Connecting and Using Peripherals Correctly
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
Input, Process, Storage and Output: The Four Basic Operations
Communication and Networking Using a Computer
Practice Session: Doing Basic Tasks on a Computer
▶
Identify various types of business activities
2 classes
Types of Businesses: Service, Manufacturing and Hybrid
Businesses in Our Community and Business Activities Around Us
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurship
3 classes
What Entrepreneurship Development Means
Distinguishing Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
Role and Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
4 classes
Introduction to the Environment
Society and Environment: Ecosystems and Factors Causing Imbalance
Conserving Natural Resources
Protecting and Conserving the Environment
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
5 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
What the Green Economy Is
Why the Green Economy Matters
Green Skills for Everyday Work
▶
Demonstrate basic understanding of the healthcare sector and functions of a hospital
6 classes
Session 1: Describe Healthcare Delivery Systems
Session 2: Components and Activities of a Hospital
Session 3: Describe the Roles and Functions of a Clinic
Healthcare Delivery Systems
Role of Supporting Departments in a Hospital
Classification of Hospitals
▶
Basic understanding of the dietetics department and its facilities
3 classes
The Department of Dietetics in a Hospital
Organizational Chart of the Dietetics Department
Functions of the Dietetics Department
▶
Identify food storage equipment, kitchen equipment and articles and their uses
7 classes
Importance of Kitchen Equipments
Care and Maintenance of Equipments
Knife and its Maintenance
Safety Procedure for Handling Knives
Classification of Kitchen Equipment
Kitchen Knives and Their Maintenance
Care of Equipment and Appliances; Safety Procedures in Handling
▶
Demonstrate functions of a dietetic aide
6 classes
Session 1: Describe the Role of a Patient Care Assistant
Session 2: Identify Various Activities of Patient's Daily Care
Session 3: Describe the Basic Requirements for Patient Comfort
Supervision of Food Preparation and Food Service by the Dietetic Aide
Hygiene Maintenance and Patient Comfort in the Dietetic Aide's Role
Dietary Education, Follow-up and Handling Food-related Issues
▶
Exhibit the skills and qualities required by a dietetic aide
4 classes
Attitude and Behaviour in the Kitchen
Skills and Knowledge
Qualities Required in a Hospitality Professional
Skills, Qualities and Knowledge a Dietetic Aide Needs
▶
Display ethical behavior
4 classes
5.1 Understand Core Healthcare Ethics and Principles
5.5 Apply Hygiene Protocols in a Simulated Healthcare Environment
Code of Conduct for a Dietetic Aide at the Workplace
Ethical Behaviour in Practice: Honesty, Confidentiality and Respect for Patients
▶
Demonstrate steps of hand hygiene
8 classes
4.3 Explore Techniques for Effective Hand Hygiene
4.4 Demonstrate Proper Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Importance of Personal Hygiene
Maintenance of Personal Hygiene
Hand Washing Techniques
Session 1: Demonstrate Good Hygiene Practice
Session 3: Perform Hand Washing Methods
Session 4: Demonstrate Personal Grooming
▶
Develop techniques of personal grooming
4 classes
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Personal Hygiene Practices for a Dietetic Aide
Personal Grooming Practices for the Workplace
Personal Protective Equipment and Its Uses
▶
Use personal protective equipment
4 classes
Uniform and Protective Clothing
Personal Protective Equipment Used in a Hospital Kitchen
Wearing and Removing Protective Equipment Correctly
Personal Hygiene and Grooming Habits That Go with Protective Clothing
▶
Identify causes and prevention of food contamination
10 classes
4.3 Identifying Safe Food Handling Practices
Hygienic Handling of Food: Selecting, Cooking and Serving
Hygiene in the Kitchen and Personal Hygiene of the Food Handler
Hygiene During Food Storage: Perishables, Leftovers, Refrigerator and Freezer
Food Safety Standards and FSSAI: Hazards, Unsafe Food and Licensing
Maintaining Hygiene: Personal, Workplace and Safe Food Handling
Sources of Food Contamination
Routes of Contamination and Packaging Materials
Cross-contamination in the Kitchen
Preventive Measures Against Food Contamination
▶
Demonstrate food hygiene practices and food waste disposal methods
7 classes
2.1 Identify Key Principles of Food Hygiene
2.3 Apply Proper Handwashing Techniques in Food Preparation
2.4 Implement Safe Food Storage Practices
4.6 Practicing Food Safety Standards During Service
Cleanliness of the Work Area, Utensils and Equipment
Food Serving Practices in a Hospital
Food Waste Disposal Methods
Cashier
34 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
3 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
4 classes
What Communication Means and Why Communication Skills Matter
The Communication Cycle: Sender, Ideas and Encoding
The Communication Cycle: Channel, Receiver and Decoding
Feedback: Closing the Loop in the Communication Cycle
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
4 classes
What a Perspective Is and Why It Matters in Communication
How Visual Perception and Language Shape What We Understand
How Past Experience and Prejudices Colour Our Views
How Feelings and the Environment Affect Communication
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
9 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
20 classes
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Team Building and Factors Influencing Teamwork
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Team Building and Factors Influencing Teamwork
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Team Building and Factors Influencing Teamwork
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
What Self-Management Means
Positive Results of Self-Management and the Skills It Needs
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
3 classes
Social, Cultural and Physical Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Self-Confidence Tips: Letting Go of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Self-Confidence Tips: Small Joys, Staying Clean and Smart, and Positive Company
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
4 classes
What ICT Is: An Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
Why ICT Matters in Personal Life and at the Workplace
ICT in Our Daily Life: Everyday Examples
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio, TV and Email
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
The Computer System: CPU, Memory, Motherboard and Storage Devices
Hardware and Software: The Two Halves of a Computer
RAM and ROM: What Each Memory Does
The Central Processing Unit and Its Functions
Starting Up and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of computer system
3 classes
Input Peripherals: Mouse and Keyboard
Input Peripherals: Scanner and Webcam
Output and Other Peripherals and What They Are Used For
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
The Basic Operations of a Computer: Input, Process and Storage
The Basic Operations of a Computer: Output, Communication and Networking
Putting the Operations Together in a Simple Computer Task
▶
Identify various types of business activities
2 classes
Types of Business: Service, Manufacturing and Hybrid
Business Activities Around Us in Our Community
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurship
3 classes
What Entrepreneurship Development Means
Distinguishing Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
The Role and Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
4 classes
Our Environment: What It Is and What It Includes
Society and Environment: The Ecosystem and What Upsets Its Balance
Conserving Natural Resources
Protecting and Conserving the Environment
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
11 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
What the Green Economy Is
Why the Green Economy Is Important
▶
State basics of retailing
4 classes
What Retail Means, and the Functions of a Retailer
The Essential Requirements of a Retailer
What a Retailer Does for the Customer, and Who the Wholesaler Is
Basics of Retailing: Meaning, Organized and Unorganized Retail, Types and Functions
▶
Distinguish between organized and unorganized retailing
2 classes
Organised and Unorganised Retailing
Comparing the Two Sectors: Table 1.1 and the Two Activities
▶
Differentiate between store and non-store retailing
4 classes
Store Retailing by Ownership: who owns the shop
Store Retailing by Merchandise: the six store formats
Non-store Retailing: selling without a shop
Store Retail against Non-store Retail: Table 1.2
▶
Identify the duties and responsibilities of cashier
5 classes
The Retail Cashier: the Post, and Who Can Fill It
The Duties and Responsibilities of a Cashier
The Skills a Retail Cashier Needs
The Duties and Skill Requirements of a Cashier in Payment
A Cashier's Responsibilities: Primary, Additional and Day-to-Day
▶
State the modes of payment
9 classes
What a Point of Sale Is, and the Operations at It
Delivery at the Counter, and the Five Skills a Cashier Needs
Modes of Payment, and Paying in Cash
Paying by Cheque, by Card and by Mobile
Problems at the Cash Point: Counting Cash and Damaged Notes
Problems at the Cash Point: Incomplete Cheques and Card Payments
Authorising Cheque and Credit Card Payments
When the POS Goes Wrong: Hardware, Software, Network and User Errors
Card Processing Problems
▶
Demonstrate the procedure for handling cash
3 classes
What Cash Handling Means, and the Four Procedures
Precautions: Written Procedures, Allocation of Duties and Background Checks
Precautions: Training, Security, Reconciliation, Receipts and Post-dated Cheques
▶
Identify the authorization of refunds, cheques, and credit card payments
5 classes
Authorising a Refund: the First Four Checks
Authorising a Refund: Price, Offers, Packing, and the Forms a Refund Takes
Security Procedures at the Point of Sale
Authorising a Cheque Payment
Authorising a Credit Card Payment
▶
List out the problems at the cash points or POS
4 classes
Hardware Problems at the Cash Point
Software and Connectivity Problems at the Cash Point
User Errors at the Cash Point and How to Avoid Them
Card Processing Problems and Their Remedies
▶
Identify process of customer order for goods
4 classes
Processing a Customer Order, and Identifying the Need
The Customer Order or Indent Proforma
Checking Stock: the nine steps of stock taking
Delivering a Customer Order: the twelve steps
▶
Demonstrate the procuring of supplies
3 classes
What Procuring Supplies Means
Sources From Which Supplies Are Procured
Choosing a Supplier: What to Compare
▶
Collect the customers’ information
4 classes
Giving the Customer Accurate Information, and What CDM Is
The Eight Fields a Retailer Collects Customer Information From
Customer Confidentiality
Confidential Information a Cashier Must Protect
▶
Invoice for the customer orders
3 classes
What an Invoice Is, and the Commercial Invoice
Retail Invoices: Proforma, Consular and Customs
The Contents of an Invoice
▶
Identify the effective process of payments
4 classes
What Makes a Payment Process Effective
The Kinds of Pricing a Cashier Must Know
Special Offers: Freebies, Gift Cards, Coupons, Clearance, Trials and Flash Sales
Special Offers: Seasonal, Pre-launch, Referral, First Time and Loyalty
▶
Sorting out the problems in payment process
4 classes
The Pricing Problems That Arise at the Counter
Effective Problem Redressal
Six Steps for Handling a Customer's Pricing Complaint
When the Problem Is Beyond the Cashier's Control
▶
List out the rights, duties, and responsibilities in processing of payment
4 classes
The Company Procedure for Working Out Payments
A Cashier's Duties in Processing Payments
Skills a Cashier Needs for Processing Payments
A Cashier's Rights and Responsibilities in Payment Work
▶
Select suitable components of payment system in retail
3 classes
The Components of the Retail Payment System
The Four Devices Used in a Payment System
Current Trends in Payment, and E-commerce Payments
▶
Identify customer needs and services
5 classes
Customer and Consumer, and Identifying a Customer's Needs
The Five Basic Needs of a Customer
How to Identify Customer Needs, and the Role of Customer Service
The Six Elements of Customer Service
The Advantages of Customer Service
▶
Describe effective customer service
4 classes
Dealing Effectively with Customers
Building Customer Rapport: the First Ten Ways
Building Customer Rapport: the Last Ten Ways
What Effective Customer Service Means
▶
Organization standards
3 classes
Standards of Staff Appearance
Precautions for Staff, and Behaviour in the Organisation
Behaviour at Work: Dealing with Colleagues and Superiors
▶
Identify and confirm customer expectations
2 classes
Customer Expectation, and How to Identify It
Confirming Expectations and Responding Appropriately
Early Years Physical Activity Facilitator
25 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
4 classes
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Pros and Cons of Written, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
Pros and Cons of Written, Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
4 classes
What Communication Means and Why Communication Skills Matter
The Communication Cycle: Sender, Ideas and Encoding
The Communication Cycle: Channel, Receiver and Decoding
Feedback: Closing the Loop in the Communication Cycle
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
4 classes
What a Perspective Is and Why It Matters in Communication
How Visual Perception and Language Shape What We Understand
How Past Experience and Prejudices Colour Our Views
How Feelings and the Environment Affect Communication
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
4 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase, Kinds and Parts of Sentence
Writing Skills: Parts of Speech, Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase, Kinds and Parts of Sentence
Writing Skills: Parts of Speech, Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
12 classes
Impressive Appearance, Dressing and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Team Building and Factors Influencing Team Work
Time Management: Goals, Schedules and To-do Lists
Impressive Appearance, Dressing and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Team Building and Factors Influencing Team Work
Time Management: Goals, Schedules and To-do Lists
What Self-Management Means
Positive Results of Self-Management and the Skills It Needs
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
3 classes
Social, Cultural and Physical Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Self-Confidence Tips: Letting Go of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Self-Confidence Tips: Small Joys, Staying Clean and Smart, and Positive Company
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
4 classes
What ICT Is: An Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
Why ICT Matters in Personal Life and at the Workplace
ICT in Our Daily Life: Everyday Examples
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio, TV and Email
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
The Computer System: CPU, Memory, Motherboard and Storage Devices
Hardware and Software: The Two Halves of a Computer
RAM and ROM: What Each Memory Does
The Central Processing Unit and Its Functions
Starting Up and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of computer system
3 classes
Input Peripherals: Mouse and Keyboard
Input Peripherals: Scanner and Webcam
Output and Other Peripherals and What They Are Used For
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
The Basic Operations of a Computer: Input, Process and Storage
The Basic Operations of a Computer: Output, Communication and Networking
Putting the Operations Together in a Simple Computer Task
▶
Identify various types of business activities
2 classes
Types of Business: Service, Manufacturing and Hybrid
Business Activities Around Us in Our Community
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurship
3 classes
What Entrepreneurship Development Means
Distinguishing Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
The Role and Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
4 classes
Our Environment: What It Is and What It Includes
Society and Environment: The Ecosystem and What Upsets Its Balance
Conserving Natural Resources
Protecting and Conserving the Environment
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
5 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
What the Green Economy Is
Why the Green Economy Is Important
▶
Identify the physical and emotional needs of the children
10 classes
Health Needs of Children, Adolescents and the Differently Abled
Growth and Development: Meaning, Differences and Influencing Factors
Developmental Stages and Physiological Aspects of Activity
1.1 Physical and emotional needs of children
Physical and Emotional Needs of Children
Domains of Early Childhood Development: Physical, Emotional, Social, Communicative and Adaptive
Fundamental Motor Skills: Gross and Fine Motor Development
Cognitive Development in Young Children
Psychosocial Well-being and School Readiness
Understanding a Child's Activity: Reading Play and Movement
▶
Identify factors influencing physical activities
5 classes
1.2 Factors influencing physical activities
Understanding Age-Appropriate Physical Activities: The ABC Framework
Demographic and Biological Factors: Family Income, Age and Weight Status
Psychological and Behavioural Factors in Children's Activity
Social-cultural and Environmental Factors Affecting Activity
▶
Plan physical activities
3 classes
1.3 Plan Physical Activities
Identifying and Structuring Physical Activity Sessions: Macro, Meso and Micro Planning
Weekly Planning, Yoga and Its Benefits, and Lesson Plans for Physical Activities
▶
Conduct physical activities
6 classes
1.4 Conduct Physical Activities Arranging Play Spaces
Managing props and equipment
Purpose and Importance of Props and Equipment
Factors Affecting the Selection of Props and Equipment
Running a Physical Activity Session: Opening, Main Activity and Closing
Giving Instructions and Keeping a Group of Young Children Engaged
▶
Plan activities for increasing physical strength and coordination
7 classes
3.1 – Fitness Activities
3.2 Organize Sport Activities (Events)
Planning and Managing a School Sports Day
Organizing a Sports Day: Pre, During and Post Sports Day
Resources Needed for Physical Strength and Coordination Activities
Planning Everyday Activities for Strength and Coordination
Planning Recreational Activities for Young Children
▶
Plan activities for developing cognitive skills
4 classes
Cognitive Skills in Early Years: Reading, Writing and Numeracy
Games That Build Thinking and Counting Skills
Singing Activities That Build Language and Memory
Dancing Activities That Build Movement and Thinking
▶
Manage class
2 classes
Designing a Timetable for Physical Activity Sessions
Deciding How Long Each Activity Should Last for a Learning Outcome
▶
Identify games for everyday activities
6 classes
Meaning and Principles of Sports Training
Warming Up, Limbering Down, Skill, Technique and Tactics
Fitness Activities for Everyday Play
Specific Sports Training for Young Children
Sports Periods in the School Week
Choosing Games for Everyday Activities
▶
Organize sports activities
9 classes
Meaning and Types of Tournaments; Knock-Out Tournament Fixtures
Consolation and Double Knock-Out Tournaments
League and Combination Tournaments
Organizing a Tournament: Pre, During and Post Tournament Day
Planning a Sports Day
Organizing a Summer Camp
Organizing a Winter Camp
Mass Drills and Display
Programs for Parents and Staff
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of child health care and habits
4 classes
4.1 Knowledge of Child Health Care and Habits
General Nutrition
What Child Health Means and How It Is Looked After
Factors That Influence Child Health and Hygiene
▶
Describe the various aspects of safety management and emergency response
12 classes
Safety in Playgrounds, Sports Facilities and Equipment
4. 2 Safe Acts and Safety Measures in Playground
Performing Basic First Aid
First Aid: Meaning and Priorities
First Aid: CPR and the Recovery Position
Maintenance of Hygiene in the Play Area
First Aid: Purpose, Basic Principles and the First Aid Kit
First Aid for Cuts, Bruises, Heat Exhaustion, Breathing Difficulties and Choking
First Aid: CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
Storing Play Equipment Safely
Safe Use of Equipment on the Playground
Emergency Response and Exit Protocol at the Play Area
Auto Service Technician
21 chapters
▶
Demonstrate knowledge of various methods of communication
1 class
Methods of Communication: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual
▶
Identify elements of communication cycle
3 classes
Meaning of Communication and Why Communication Skills Matter
The Communication Cycle: Sender, Ideas and Encoding
The Communication Cycle: Channel, Receiver, Decoding and Feedback
▶
Identify the factors affecting our perspectives in communication
3 classes
Perspectives in Communication: Seeing the Same Thing Differently
Visual Perception, Language and Past Experience as Influences
Prejudices, Feelings and Environment as Influences
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of basic writing skills
3 classes
Writing Skills: Sentence, Phrase and Kinds of Sentences
Writing Skills: Parts of a Sentence and Parts of Speech
Writing Skills: Articles and Construction of a Paragraph
▶
Describe the meaning and importance of self-management
7 classes
Impressive Appearance: Dressing, Looking Decent and Positive Body Language
Grooming and the Personal Grooming Checklist
Techniques of Self-Exploration
Time Management: Setting and Prioritizing Goals, Schedules and Task Lists
Time Management: Balancing Work and Leisure and Optimization Tools
Self-Management: Meaning and Its Positive Results
Self-Management Skills: Discipline, Responsibility and Positive Habits
▶
Identify the factors that help in building self-confidence
3 classes
Social, Cultural and Physical Factors That Build Self-Confidence
Getting Rid of Negative Thoughts and Thinking Positively
Staying Happy with Small Things, Clean and Hygienic
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in day-to-day life and workplace
4 classes
Introduction to Information and Communication Technology
Role and Importance of ICT in Personal Life and at the Workplace
ICT in Daily Life: Everyday Examples
ICT Tools: Mobile, Tablet, Radio, TV and Email
▶
Identify components of basic computer system and their functions
5 classes
The Computer System: CPU, Memory, Motherboard and Storage Devices
Hardware and Software of a Computer System
Role and Functions of RAM and ROM
Role and Functions of the Central Processing Unit
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer Correctly
▶
Demonstrate use of various components and peripherals of computer system
3 classes
Input Devices: Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner and Webcam
Output Devices and Their Uses
Connecting and Using Peripherals Safely
▶
Demonstrate basic computer skills
3 classes
Computer Operations: Input, Process, Storage and Output
Communication and Networking Using a Computer
Basic Practice: Typing, Saving and Opening Files
▶
Identify various types of business activities
3 classes
Service, Manufacturing and Hybrid Businesses
Business Activities Around Us in Our Community
Business in the Automobile Sector
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurship
3 classes
Entrepreneurship Development: Meaning
Distinguishing Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
Role and Rewards of Entrepreneurship
▶
Demonstrate the knowledge of the factors influencing natural resource conservation
4 classes
Introduction to the Environment
Society and Environment: Ecosystems and Causes of Imbalance
Natural Resource Conservation
Environment Protection and Conservation in Daily Life
▶
Describe the importance of green economy and green skills
5 classes
Main Sectors of the Green Economy
Policy Initiatives for Greening the Economy in India
Stakeholders in the Green Economy
The Green Economy: Definition
Why the Green Economy Is Important
▶
Describe the invention of wheel, invention of wheel cart and animal powered (horse) cart, invention of automobiles and evaluation till date, invention of automobile (Post World War II)
6 classes
Invention Of Wheel
Wheel Cart
Invention Of Automobiles
Invention Of Automobiles (Post World War Ii)
Evolution of Automobiles: Vehicle History
Horse-Drawn Carts and the Idea of Horsepower
▶
Able to identify two-wheelers three-wheelers, passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle, agricultural vehicle, construction equipment vehicle, special vehicles
7 classes
Two Wheelers And Three Wheelers
Passenger Vehicles And Commercial Vehicles
Agricultural Vehicles
Construction Equipment Vehicles
Special Vehicles
Vehicle Make, Model and Specifications
Parts and Components of Special Vehicles
▶
Identify and discuss major systems and components of an automobile
14 classes
Chassis Frame And Auto Body
Engine And Its Components
Lubrication System
Cooling System
Fuel Supply System
Transmission System
Front And Rear Axle
Steering System
Suspension System
Wheel And Tyre
Brake
Electrical And Electronic System
Air Conditioning System
Active & Passive Safety
▶
Importance of road safety rules, safe and responsible driving road signs, driving rules and registration of a vehicle, driving license
7 classes
Safe And Responsible Driving
Road Signs
Driving Rules And Registration
Driving License
Introduction and Importance of Road Safety
Key Road Safety Principles
Traffic Signals and Rules of the Road
▶
Air pollution Auto Emissions and EU/ BS Standards, PUC Certification
4 classes
Air Pollution
Auto Emissions And Eu/ Bs Standards
Puc Certification
Air Pollution Norms and the Role of Automobiles
▶
Importance of vehicle maintenance and servicing tips to extend the life of vehicles, introduction to vehicle servicing procedure
3 classes
Importance To Vehicle
Tips To Extend The Life Of Vehicle
Introduction To Vehicle Service Procedure
▶
Explain innovation and development
3 classes
Innovation in the automobile: testing and standards
Innovations in vehicle safety, comfort and navigation
Why Innovation and Development Matter in the Automobile Industry
Socially Useful Productive Work and Community Service
16 chapters
▶
Health and Hygiene
3 classes
Growing Medicinal Plants at School and at Home
Preventing and Stopping the Spread of Communicable Diseases
Paramedical Service: Helping in Basic Care
▶
Food
6 classes
Agro-industries and Where Our Food Comes From
Starting a Kitchen Garden
Making Compost from Kitchen and Garden Waste
Horticulture, Dairying and Bee Keeping
Poultry and Fish Culture
Bakery, Confectionery and Simple Cooking
▶
Shelter
4 classes
Pottery and Masonry
Workshop Practice and Blacksmithy
Cane and Bamboo Work and House-craft
Foundry and Carpet Weaving
▶
Clothing
4 classes
From Fibre to Fabric: Fibre Production and Weaving
Dressmaking, Knitting and Hosiery
Embroidery and Dress Designing
Leatherwork
▶
Cultural and Recreational
4 classes
Toys and Puppets
Making Musical Instruments and Games Material
Printing, Bookbinding and Stationery
Photography Basics
▶
Health and Hygiene
3 classes
Medicinal Plants: Choosing, Planting and Caring for Them
Communicable Diseases: Awareness Drives in the Community
Paramedical Service: Learning Simple Help Skills
▶
Food
6 classes
Agro-industries: Processing Farm Produce
Kitchen Gardening: Planning Beds and Seasonal Crops
Composting: Pits, Heaps and Using the Compost
Horticulture and Dairying in Practice
Bee Keeping, Poultry and Fish Culture in Practice
Bakery, Confectionery and Cooking Projects
▶
Shelter
4 classes
Pottery and Masonry Projects
Workshop Practice and Blacksmithy Projects
Cane, Bamboo and House-craft Projects
Foundry and Carpet Weaving Projects
▶
Clothing
4 classes
Fibre Production and Weaving in Practice
Dressmaking, Knitting and Hosiery Projects
Embroidery and Dress Designing Projects
Leatherwork Projects
▶
Cultural and Recreational
4 classes
Making Toys and Puppets for a Show
Musical Instruments and Games Material Projects
Printing, Bookbinding and Stationery Projects
Photography Projects
▶
Environment
5 classes
Civic Sense, Health and Hygiene in the Community
Pollution: Causes and What We Can Do
Conservation of Resources
Waste Management: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Vaccination and Community Health
▶
Population Education
3 classes
Family Planning and Small Family Norms
Gender Equality and the Problem of Female Infanticide
Abortion Laws and Euthanasia: Understanding the Issues
▶
The cultivation of Aesthetics
3 classes
Appreciating Art
Appreciating Music and Poetry
Appreciating Literature and Drama
▶
Quality of Life
3 classes
Using Time Well
Hobbies and Group Activities
Sustainable Living and the Pursuit of Excellence
▶
Culture, ‘Sanskars’ and Values
3 classes
The Tenets of Religions in India
Caste and Religion in Politics
Prejudice and Stereotyping: Learning to Look Beyond
▶
The Role of Family
2 classes
Nuclear, Extended and Joint Families
Changing Family Values and the Role of the Family