CUET UG

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be two types of passages (maximum 250-300 words): one Factual/ Narrative, one Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be two types of passages (maximum 250-300 words): one Factual/ Narrative, one Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be two types of passages (maximum 250-300 words): one Factual/ Narrative; one Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words): Factual; Narrative; Literary

Rearranging the parts; Match the following; Choosing the correct word; Synonyms and Antonyms

Nature of Partnership Firm: Partnership deed (meaning, importance); Accounts of Partnership: Fixed v/s Fluctuating capital, Division of profit among partners, Profit and Loss Appropriation account, guarantee of profit to a partner, past adjustments

Changes in profit sharing ratio among the existing partners – Sacrificing ratio and Gaining ratio; Accounting for Revaluation of Assets and reassessment of Liabilities and Distribution of reserves and accumulated profits; Goodwill: Nature, Factors affecting and Methods of valuation: Average profit, Super profit and Capitalisation methods; Admission of a Partner: Effect of admission of partner, Change in profit sharing ratio, Accounting treatment for goodwill, Revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, Reserves adjustment/distribution of (accumulated profits) and adjustment of capitals; Retirement/Death of a Partner: Change in profit sharing ratio, Accounting treatment of goodwill, Revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, Adjustment of Accumulated profits (Reserves), Preparation of deceased partner’s capital account and his executor’s account, Preparation of Loan Account

Meaning, Settlement of accounts: Preparation of Realisation Account and related Accounts (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of a Partner)

Features and type of companies; Share Capital: Meaning, Nature and Types; Accounting for Share Capital: Issue and Allotment of Equity and Preference Shares; Over subscription and Under subscription; Issue at par and premium; Calls in advance, Calls in arrears, Issue of shares for consideration other than cash; Accounting treatment of Forfeiture of Shares and Re-issue of forfeited shares; Presentation of shares capital and Debentures in company’s balance sheet; Issue of Debenture – At par, premium and discount; Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash. Issue of debentures with terms of redemption, Debenture as collateral security- concept, Interest on debentures, writing off discount/Loss on issues of debenture

Financial Statements of a Company: Preparation of simple financial statements of a company in the prescribed form with major headings and sub headings; Financial Analysis: Meaning, Significance, Purpose and Limitations; Tools for Financial Analysis: Comparative statements, Common size statements; Accounting Ratios: Meaning and Objectives and types: Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratio, Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio; Cash Flow Statement: Meaning and Objectives, Preparation, Adjustments related to depreciation, amortization, dividend and tax, purchase and profit or loss on sale of non-current assets (as per revised standard issued by ICAI)

Overview of Concept and Types of Computerised Accounting System (CAS); Features of a Computerised Accounting System, Advantages, limitations; Structure of a Computerised Accounting System: chart of accounts, Codification and Hierarchy of account heads; Accounting information system (AIS); Accounting Applications of Electronic Spreadsheet; Features offered by Electronic Spreadsheet. Applications of Electronic Spreadsheet in generating accounting information, preparing reports using pivot Table, common errors in spreadsheet, depreciation schedule, loan repayment schedule, payroll accounting; Graphs and Charts in electronic spreadsheet for Business Data

Agrometeorology: Elements of Weather-rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind velocity, Sunshine weather forecasting, climate change in relation to crop production, climate classification; Monsoon in India; Genetics & Plant Breeding: Cell and its structure, cell division-mitosis and meiosis and their significance; Organization of the genetic materials in chromosomes, DNA, and RNA; Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Reasons for the success of Mendel in his experiments, Absence of linkage in Mendel’s experiments; Quantitative inheritance, continuous and discontinuous variation in plants; Monogenic and polygenic inheritance; Role of Genetics in Plant breeding, self and cross-pollinated crops, methods of breeding in field crops-introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and polyploidy, tissue and cell culture; History and importance of plant breeding, objective and role of plant breeding, Breeding methods in self and cross-pollinated crops; Plant Biotechnology-definition and scope in crop production, Biotechnology of plant breeding; Biochemistry: pH and buffers, Classification and nomenclature of carbohydrates; proteins; lipids; vitamins, and enzymes; Nucleic acids; Microbiology: Microbial cell structure, Micro-organisms- Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Protozoa and Viruses. Role of micro-organisms in respiration, fermentation, and organic matter decomposition; Soil flora and fauna; Seed Science: Seed structure of monocots and dicots, mode of reproduction, pollination, fertilization, Seed dormancy, types of seeds

Scope and importance: Importance of livestock in agriculture and industry, White revolution in India; Important breeds Indian and exotic, distribution of cows, buffaloes, goats, sheeps and poultry in India; Care and management: Systems of cattle and poultry housing; Principles of feeding, and feeding practices; Balanced ration definition and ingredients; Management of calves, bullocks, pregnant and milch animals as well as chicks’ cockerels and layers, and poultry; Signs of sick animals, symptoms of common diseases in cattle and poultry, Rinderpest, black quarter, foot and mouth, mastitis and haemorrhagic septicaemia coccidiosis, Fowl pox and Ranikhet disease, their prevention, and control; Artificial Insemination: Reproductive organs, collection, dilution, and preservation of semen and artificial insemination, role of artificial insemination in cattle improvement; Livestock Products: Processing and marketing of milk and Milk products; Fisheries: Definition of fish, fisheries, aquaculture; General characteristics of fish, types of fishes

Introduction: Targets and achievements in foodgrain production in India since independence and its future projections, sustainable crop production, commercialization of agriculture and its scope in India; Classification of field crops based on their utility-cereals, pulses, oils seeds, fibre, sugar, and forage crops; Soil, Soil fertility, Fertilizers, and Manures: Soil, soil pH, Soil texture, soil structure, soil organisms, soil tilth, soil fertility, and soil health; Essential plant nutrients, their functions, and deficiency symptoms; Soil types of India and their characteristics; Organic manure, common fertilizers including straight, complex, fertilizer mixtures and biofertilizers, integrated nutrient management system; Problem soils, soil erosion, soil pollution; Soil analysis for nutrient availability; Irrigation and Drainage: Sources of irrigation (rain, canals, tanks, rivers, wells, tubewells); Scheduling of irrigation based on critical stages of growth, time interval, soil moisture content, and weather parameters; Water requirement of crops; Methods of irrigation and drainage; Watershed management; Irrigation water quality; Weed Control: Weed classification and weed characteristics; Principles of weed control, methods of weed control (cultural, mechanical, chemical, biological, and Integrated weed management); Crops: Seedbed preparation, seed treatment, time and method of sowing/planting, seed rate; dose, method, and time of fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural and weed control; common pests and diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi viruses, and nematode and their control, integrated pest management, harvesting, threshing, post-harvest technology: storage, processing, and marketing of major field crops-Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, groundnut, mustard, pigeon-pea, gram, sugarcane, cotton, and berseem. Millets and their importance; Modern agriculture: Challenges in modern agriculture; conservation agriculture; precision agriculture; natural farming; organic farming; remote sensing in agriculture

Importance of fruits and vegetables in the human diet, Crop diversification & processing Industry; Orchard- location and layout, ornamental gardening, and kitchen garden; Planting system, training, pruning, intercropping, protection from frost and sunburn; Trees, shrubs, climbers, annuals, perennials-definition and examples. Propagation by seed, cutting, budding, layering, and grafting; Cultivation practices, processing, and marketing of (i) Fruits - mango, papaya, banana, guava, citrus, grapes. (ii) Vegetables - Radish, carrot, potato, onion, cauliflower, brinjal, tomato, spinach, and cabbage. (iii) Flowers - Gladiolus, canna, chrysanthemums, roses and marigold; Principles and methods of fruit and vegetable preservation; Preparation of jellies, jams, ketchup, chips and their packing

Human Evolution: Theories of evolution (Darwinism, Lamarckism, Neo-Darwinism and Neo- Lamarckism); Living Primates and their features. Hominid evolution: Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, and other Homo sapiens; Human Variation (Body size, Body shape, Skin color, Genetic traits); Human Genetics: Mendelian Genetics (Laws of Inheritance), Dominant, recessive, sex-linked, sex-limited and sex-influenced traits. Monogenic, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance. Chromosomes and their aberrations; Forces of Evolution, Genetic Drift, Mutation, Natural Selection and Gene flow; Genetic Markers: Blood Groups (ABO, MN, Rh(D) and their distribution), DNA as a genetic marker in population diversity

Stone Age: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic Cultures; Development of tool typology and technology. Evolution of stone tool technology: Choppers, Hand Axes, scrapers, Blade Tools Microliths, celts unifacial and bifacial tools, Pottery; Metal Age: Discovery and use of Bronze and Iron; Stratigraphy, Archeological dating (Dating of sites and materials with relative and absolute (carbon 14 and potassium-argon dating methods); Important Archaeological Sites (Sohan, Burzahom and Nevasa; Indus Valley Civilization

Family types (Nuclear, Joint, Extended) and their Functions; Marriage: Cultural variation in forms of Marriage (Monogamy, Polygamy); Kinship: rules of Descent (Matrilineal, Patrilineal); Concepts of Culture: Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism; Socialization and Cultural Change (Diffusion, Acculturation); Functions of religion in Society; Beliefs: Totemism, Animism, Animatism, Magic, and Shamanism; Subsistence Strategies: Hunting, Gathering and Agricultural practices; Traditional Political Systems: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms; Power, Authority, and Social Control in Traditional Societies

Language as a Cultural and Social Phenomena; Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in India (festivals, house types, rituals and food habits); Distribution and Characteristics of Tribes in India: Economic, Social, and Political Organization; Major Indian Tribes (Santhals, Bhils, Gonds, etc.), Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs); Social Movements: Features; Ecological, Class Based, Caste Based and Tribal Movements

Caste System and Social Stratification in India; Impact of Colonialism on Indian Society; Changes in Indian Society: Modernization and Globalization. Anthropology and development; Tribal development; Role of Anthropology in Public Health and Personal Identification (skeletal material, blood groups and fingerprints); Change and development in Industrial Society; Challenges of Cultural Diversity

Pre-fertilisation: structure and events – stamen, microsporangium and pollen grain, pistil, megasporangium and embryo sac; Development of male (microsporogenesis) and female gametophyte (megasporogenesis); Pollination – types, agents and examples; Out breeding devices; Pollen-pistil interaction; Double fertilisation; Post fertilisation: structure and events – development of endosperm and embryo; Formation of seed and fruit and parthenocarpy; Significance of seed in angiosperms; Apomixis and polyembryony

Male and female reproductive system; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and embryonic development and placenta; Parturition and lactation

Problems and strategies – amniocentesis; Population stabilisation and birth control – various methods of contraception; Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Sexually transmitted infections (STIs); Infertility – Assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI and IUI)

Mendel’s law of inheritance: Inheritance of one gene – Law of dominance, law of segregation (test and back cross); Deviation from Mendelism – incomplete dominance and co-dominance; Multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups; Inheritance of two genes – law of independent assortment, dihybrid cross; Chromosomal theory of inheritance; Linkage and recombination; Polygenic inheritance; Pleiotropy; Sex determination in humans, birds and honey bee; Mutation; Genetic disorders – pedigree analysis, Mendelian disorders (colour blindness, haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia, phenylketonuria and thalassemia), chromosomal disorders in humans (aneuploidy, polyploidy, Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome)

Structure and packaging of DNA helix; Search for genetic material (transforming principle and Hershey-Chase experiment); Properties of genetic material; Replication (Meselson and Stahl’s experiment); Transcription – transcription unit and gene; RNA world – types of RNA and process of transcription; Genetic code and mutations; tRNA; Translation; Regulation of gene expression – Lac operon; Human Genome Project (goals, salient features and applications); DNA fingerprinting (polymorphism and VNTR)

Origin of life – Miller’s experiment; Concepts of evolution (Darwin's contribution); Evidences for evolution (embryology, paleontology, comparative anatomy, divergent and convergent evolution and industrial evolution); Adaptive radiation; Biological evolution; Natural selection; Mechanism of evolution; Hardy-Weinberg principle and affecting factors (gene migration, genetic drift, mutation, recombination and natural selection); Evolution of plants and vertebrates through geological periods; Origin and evolution of man

Introduction about health; Common diseases in humans (typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, filariasis and ringworms); Immunity – innate and acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunisation, allergies, auto-immunity and immune system in human; AIDS; Cancer; Drugs and alcohol abuse - adolescence, addiction, effects of drug abuse, prevention and control

Microbes in household products; Microbes in industrial products – beverages, antibiotics, enzymes and bioactive molecules; Microbes in sewage treatment and production of biogas, Microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilisers

Principles and Processes: Principles of biotechnology; Tools of recombinant DNA technology – restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, competent host; Processes of rDNA technology – isolation, amplification of gene (PCR), insertion of rDNA in host and bioreactors; Downstream processing

Application of biotechnology in agriculture – tissue culture, genetically modified organisms, Bt cotton, RNA interference; Biotechnology in medicine – insulin, gene therapy and molecular diagnosis; Transgenic animals; Ethical issues – biopiracy and patents

Population attributes – birth and death rate, age pyramids; Population growth – exponential and logistic growth; Life history variation; Population interactions – predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism and amensalism

Structure and function; Productivity; Decomposition; Energy flow – different trophic levels, food chain and food web; Ecological pyramids – pyramid of energy, biomass and number

Biodiversity – concept, patterns and importance; Causes of biodiversity loss; Biodiversity conservation – approaches (narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical); Methods of biodiversity conservation – in situ (endemism, hotspots and sacred groves etc.), ex situ (Wildlife safaris, zoological parks and cryopreservation etc.)

Management – concept, objectives, importance; Nature of management; Management as Science, Art, Profession; Levels of management – top, middle supervisory (First level); Management functions – planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling; Coordination – nature and importance

Principles of Management – meaning, nature and significance; Fayol’s principles of management; Taylor’s Scientific Management – Principles and Techniques

Business Environment – meaning and importance; Dimensions of Business Environment – Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal

Meaning, features, importance, limitations; Planning process; Types of Plans – Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget, Programme

Meaning and importance; Steps in the process of organising; Structure of organization – functional and divisional; Formal and informal organisation; Delegation: meaning, elements and importance; Decentralization: meaning and importance; Difference between delegation and decentralisation

Meaning, need and importance of staffing; Staffing as a part of Human Resources Management; Steps in staffing process; Recruitment – meaning, process and sources, Merits and demerits of internal and external sources of recruitment; Selection – meaning and process; Training and Development – meaning, need, methods – on the job and off the job methods of training

Meaning, importance and principles; Elements of Direction: Supervision – meaning and importance; Motivation – meaning and importance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Financial and non- financial incentives; Leadership – meaning, importance, style- authoritative, democratic and laissez-faire; Communication – meaning and importance, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to over come the barriers?

Meaning and importance; Relationship between planning and controlling; Steps in the process of control

Business finance – meaning, role, objectives of financial management; Financial decisions: investing, financing and dividend-Meaning and factors affecting; Financial planning – meaning and importance; Capital Structure – meaning and factors; Fixed and Working Capital – meaning and factors affecting their requirements

Concept of Financial Market; Money Market: Concept, instruments; Capital market and its types (primary and secondary market); Stock Exchange-Functions, trading procedure; Depository services and demat account; Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – Objectives, Functions

Marketing – meaning, functions, role and philosophies; Distinction between marketing and selling; Marketing mix – concept and elements: Product – nature, classification, branding, labeling and packaging; Physical distribution: meaning, role; Components, Channels of distribution, – meaning, types, factors determining choice of channels; Promotion – meaning and role, promotion mix, Advertising, Personal selling sales promotion and public relation, Role of Advertising, objections to Advertising; Price: factors influencing pricing

Meaning and concept; Meaning, Importance of consumer protection; The Consumer protection Act,2019. [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210422.pdf]; Consumer rights; Consumer responsibilities; Who can file a complaint?; Ways and means of consumer protection – Consumer awareness and legal redressal with special reference to Consumer protection Act 2019, Remedies available; Role of consumer organizations and NGOs

Introduction to solution and its type, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility of a solid in liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s Law, vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions, Raoult’s law Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids, Ideal & Non Ideal Solutions, Azeotropes (elementary idea only), Colligative properties and Determination of Molar Mass: Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing point, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis & Water Purification, Abnormal Molar Masses, Van’t Hoff factor

Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Standard Electrode potential and its measurement, EMF of cell, Nernst Equation & its applications (calculation of equilibrium constant and Ecell calculations), Electrochemical Cell & Gibbs Energy of the reaction, Conductance of electrolytic Solutions, Measurement of the conductivity of Ionic Solutions, Specific & Molar Conductivity, Variation of Conductivity and molar conductivity with Concentration, Kohlrausch law & its applications, Electrolytic Cells & Electrolysis, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, Products of Electrolysis, Batteries- Primary & Secondary batteries, fuel cell, Corrosion

Introduction to chemical kinetics, Rate of a chemical reaction (Average and instantaneous rate of reactions), factors influencing rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst, Rate law and rate constant, order and molecularity of a reaction, integrated rate equations and half-life of a reaction (for zero and first order reactions only), pseudo first order reactions, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory for a bimolecular elementary chemical reactions and its limitations

General introduction to d and f-block elements, Position of d- and f-block elements in the periodic Table, Electronic configurations of the d- and f-block elements, general properties of the transition elements & their trends:- Physical properties, atomic & ionic sizes- lanthanoid contraction, Ionisation Enthalpies, Oxidation states, Standard electrode potential trends for M2+/M & M3+/M2+, Stability of Higher oxidation states, Chemical reactivity and E° values, Magnetic properties, Formation of coloured Ions, Formation of Complex compounds, Catalytic properties, Formation of Interstitial Compounds, Alloy Formation, Nature of Oxides & Oxanions of d-block Metals, Some important compounds of transition elements- K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, f-block elements: Lanthanoids & actinoids: general properties, Atomic & Ionic sizes, Oxidation States, Comparison of actinoids with Lanthanoids, Applications of d-and f- Block elements

General Introduction to Coordination/complex compounds, Werner’s theory, double salts, Basic definitions: coordination entity, central atom/ion, Ligands, coordination number, coordination sphere, coordination polyhedron, oxidation number of central atom, homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, Isomerism in coordination compounds, Bonding in coordination compounds- Valence Bond theory (VBT) and its limitations, crystal field theory (CFT): applications (magnetic properties and colour of complex compounds) and limitations, spectrochemical series, Shape and Bonding in metal carbonyls, Importance & Applications of coordination compounds

Introduction, Classification of haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Nomenclature of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, nature of C-X Bond, Methods of preparation of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, Physical properties of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes (like Melting & boiling Point, Density and Solubility), Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Stereochemical aspects (optical activity, Chirality, retention, inversion, racemization etc) of SN- Reactions of Haloalkanes, Important Polyhalogen Compounds (CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃,CHI₃, CCl₄, freons & DDT)

Classification & nomenclature of alcohols, phenols & Ethers, Structures of functional groups (alcohol, phenols & ethers), Methods of preparation of alcohols, Phenols and Ethers, Physical properties of alcohols, phenols and Ethers (boiling point & solubility), Chemical properties of alcohols involving cleavage of –C-OH bond & -CO-H bond, Chemical properties of phenols including oxidation & Reduction, Chemical properties of Ethers, Some Commercially important Alcohols like methanol & Ethanol

General introduction to carbonyl compounds, Nomenclature of Aldehydes, Ketones and carboxylic acids, structure of Carbonyl group, Methods of preparation of Aldehydes & Ketones, Physical properties of aldehydes & ketones (boiling point & solubility), Chemical properties of aldehydes & ketones, Uses of Aldehydes & Ketones, Structure of Carboxyl group, Methods of preparation of Carboxylic Acids, Physical properties (Boiling point & Solubility) and Chemical properties of carboxylic acids, Uses of Carboxylic Acids

General Introduction, Structure of Amines, Classification & Nomenclature of amines, Methods of preparation of Amines, Physical properties of amines (Boiling point & solubility), Basic Character & Chemical properties of amines, Aliphatic & aromatic Diazonium salts: Method of preparation, Physical and chemical properties, Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of aromatic Compounds

Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, Methods of preparation of glucose, Structure of Glucose, D&L configuration of monosaccharides, method of preparation of fructose, structure of fructose, disaccharides: sucrose, maltose and lactose, polysaccharides: starch, cellulose and glycogen, importance of carbohydrates, amino acids and their classifications, structure and types of proteins, denaturation of proteins, enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action (elementary idea), Vitamins: Types, sources and deficiency diseases, Nucleic acids: types, composition, structure and biological importance, Hormones: classification, biological importance and deficiency diseases

Modern schools of ecological thought; Definitions and basic understanding of Deep ecology (Gary Snyder, Earth First) vs. shallow ecology; Stewardship of land (e.g. Wendell Berry); Social ecology [Marxist environmentalism and socialist ecology (Barry Commoner)]; Feminism; Green Politics (e.g. Germany and England); Sustainable Development: basic concepts, Brundtland commission report, Sustainable development Goals, Mission LiFE

Population dynamics: Factors causing population change (birth, death, immigration and emigration); relation between the factors; Age structure and its significance; Population Pyramids –interpretation and implications. Rate of change of population – the three general shapes of Survivorship Curves, r and K strategies and differences between the two; Human populations (Malthusian model and demographic transition): Definition of Carrying Capacity; Malthusian view: concept of ‘over-population’ and shortage of resources; Questioning Malthus. Population Growth vs. Disparate Consumption of resources within and amongst nations. Definition and understanding of Demographic Transition; Factors influencing demographic transition; Population Regulation: Growth without regulation (exponential); simple population regulation (logistic growth curve); factors regulating population size (space, food and water, territories, predators, weather and climate, parasite and diseases, disasters and self-regulation). Basic understanding of the Exponential growth curve (J – shaped) and Logistic growth curve (S - shaped); Factors regulating population size (space, food and water, territories, predators, weather and climate, parasite and diseases, disasters and self-regulation); Threats to the ecosystem: habitat destruction; genetic erosion; Biodiversity loss; expanding agriculture; impound water; waste from human societies; increasing human consumption. Only a brief understanding of the causes and consequences of threats to provisioning and regulatory functions of the ecosystem with suitable examples; Conservation: importance, the critical state of Indian forests; conflicts surrounding forested areas - populations and tribals and their rights - tourism - poaching - roads - development projects - dams; scientific forestry and its limitations; social forestry; the role of the forest department; NGOs; joint forestry management; wild life - sanctuaries, conservation and management in India; Project Tiger as a case study in conservation. Definition of Conservation in situ and ex situ conservation, Importance of Conservation. In-situ conservation: Wildlife sanctuaries, National parks, Biosphere reserves (definition, objectives, features, advantages and disadvantages). Ex-situ conservation: zoos, aquaria, plant collection (objectives, features, advantages and disadvantages). Conflicts in managing and conserving Forests: India’s forest cover, issues concerning people living in and around forests with particular reference to tribal rights; threats to forests: poaching, developmental projects like roads and dams, over exploitation of forest resources (direct and indirect). The role of the forest department and NGOs in managing forests. Some management measures: scientific forestry, social forestry (various types of social forestry), Joint Forestry Management (JFM), ecotourism. Case study in conservation for example Project Tiger: Origin, aims, and objectives, successes, failures. Acts and rules related to ecology, forest and biodiversity conservation etc.

Definition and concepts of pollutants, contaminant sources, sink, receptor, Impacts of air/water/soil pollution on human health and ecosystem, Different acts/rules related to prevention and control of air/water/soil/noise pollution in India; Air pollution and its monitoring Structure, temperature profile and composition of atmosphere, Primary and secondary pollutants. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Importance of monitoring of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (gaseous and particulate). Industrial and vehicular pollution and various steps taken to regulate pollution-emission standards, implementation of CNG programme, Acid rain formation and its impact, Smog, photochemical smog, Ozone in troposphere Monitoring at emission source and of ambient air quality, criteria for monitoring stations, types of stations, number of stations, frequency of data collection, characteristics of ambient air sampling, basic consideration for sampling (to be dealt with in brief). Classification of techniques- manual and instrumental. Manual-Passive samplers, High Volume Samplers and Bubbler Systems. Instrumental-photometric techniques-NDIR, Chemiluminescence - principle and use. Ambient air quality index, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) programme; the main functions of the Central Pollution Board and the State Pollution Control Board, National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP) and its objectives; Water pollution and its monitoring Distribution of water on the earth, Sources (quantitative/qualitative, Bio vs non-biodegradable, point vs non-point sources) of pollution in surface and ground water, ponds/lakes/rivers Water quality Indicators: pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, alkalinity, hardness dissolved oxygen, temperature, hardness, nitrates and sulphates, metals and pesticides, B.O.D. and C.O.D. Lake stratification, Eutrophication; Soil pollution and its monitoring Sources to soil pollution such as industries, mining, agriculture run off, sewage water etc Soil Characteristics: physical, chemical and biological attributes of soil, soil types, soil moisture, soil pH, soil acidity, Experimental details for assessing soil respiration, soil pH, soil aggregate, infiltration rate

Urbanisation - push and pull factors; consequences on rural and urban sectors; future trends and projections; A critical appraisal of conventional paradigm of development from the viewpoints of sustainability, environmental impact and equity. Definition of economic Development, natural resources Relationship between development and environment Overuse and exploitation of resources, Diversion of scarce resources; Disparate access to resources; Increasing wastes and pollution; Gandhian approach to development and environment Local self-governance – basic principles behind village policy, Antoday, Sarvoday, Panchayati Raj; local self-sufficiency, local markets and environmental sustainability. Village as the basis of development; promotion of cottage industries and intermediate technologies; focus on employment. India way of life and concerns for environment; Urban environmental planning and management: Problems of sanitation; water management; transport; energy; air quality; housing; constraints (economic, political); Indigenous approach to urban environment: Rainwater harvesting, garbage segregation, composting, energy from solid and liquid wastes, sewage management (dry toilets, Decentralized Water Management System (DEWATS) Features of new urbanism, goals of smart growth with examples of urban planning and management from the third world: Bogota – Bolivia (Traffic Management); Cuba (Urban agriculture using organic methods); Curitiba – Brazil (Traffic planning and urban renewal using innovative measures); Cochabamba – (Water management and protests against privatization of water supply)

Crop varieties; techniques for maintaining soil fertility; Features of pre-colonial agriculture: Growing for sustenance rather than market; multi-cropping, management of soil health, diversity in seed. Colonial influence: Punitive taxation, commercial crops for export and British industry, devaluation of sustainable traditional practices. Bengal famine. Comparative study of pre-colonial, colonial and post- colonial agriculture and their impact; Irrigation systems, Macro vs micro irrigation systems - Canal irrigation/dam as compared to sprinkler/ drip/ trickle drip/dug wells. Basic features, advantages and disadvantages of each kind. Traditional rainwater harvesting- tankas, khadins, ahar, pynes, zings, johads and eris etc in different parts of India; Green Revolution: Origin and Basic principles of Green Revolution- Development of High Yielding Varieties (HYV); introduction of fertilizers and pesticides; mono cropping, Environmental, social and economic impacts - advantages and disadvantages (from the viewpoints of agro-bio diversity; soil health; ecological impact of pesticides; energy use; input costs; benefits to small and medium farmers, community level and household level food security); Elements of sustainable agriculture: Mixed farming, mixed cropping, inter-cropping, crop rotation, use of sustainable practices of water soil and pest management for improving soil fertility (organic fertilizers, bio-fertilizers, green manure, with two examples) and pest control (bio pesticides). Integrated Pest Management (IPM); eating local foods. Traditional agriculture, natural farming, organic agriculture, modern agriculture (use of hybrid seeds, high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides), gene revolution (genetically modified seeds) and sustainable agriculture; Management of agricultural produce: Storage; Food preservation-different methods like use of low temperatures, high temperatures, drying, canning, preservation by salt and sugar. packaging, grading, Transportation of Food. Food adulteration and Food additives- definitions; types and harmful effects of adulteration. Quality Marks - ISI (Indian Standard Institute); AGMARK (Agricultural Marketing); FPO (Fruit Product Order); Food Security. Meaning and need, Issues related to food production, storage and access. Integrated and sustainable approach to food security for the Third World including working for environmental sustainability and social and economic sustainability through land reform, credit support to farmers, market support to farmers, inadequacies in the present marketing system, ways to improve marketing system, improving access to food, ownership of seeds. National level food security Act 2013

Classification of natural resources - abiotic and biotic, renewable and non-renewable, stock, potential and actual, ubiquitous and localized; scarcity and growth, natural resource accounting. Definition, basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of Physical accounting; GNP vs. other forms of measuring income. GDP, GNP – definitions, advantages and disadvantages of using them as tools for measuring growth; A broad overview of the purpose of environmental economics. Definition and classification: Defensive expenditure (its classification); natural/ ecological capital, carbon footprint and carbon credit; Externalities: Definition and types (positive and negative) with examples, impacts; cost benefit analysis. - Definition, process, advantages and disadvantages. EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) -definition, examples, advantages; Natural capital regeneration. Concept of natural capital, Ecosystem services and types with examples, causes of environmental degradation (forest/biodiversity loss), ecological footprint and man’s disproportionate use of natural resources, importance of preserving and regenerating natural capital

Global Impacts of pollution Ozone depletion: Chapman’s cycle, potential effects of ozone depletion, ozone depleting substances (halons, carbon tetrachloride, CFCs, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide and HCFCs); Ozone thinning over Antarctica and arctic, Steps taken to control ozone depletion. waste dumping, persistent organic pollutants, Global warming, Greenhouse gases, Carbon footprint, Climate change: indicators and causes; Montreal protocol, Kyoto protocol, Bamako convention, Paris agreement, Conference of parties, carbon credits system Case study of Amazonia - causes for forest exploitation, reasons for acceleration of deforestation, effects of government policies, ecological value of rainforests and possible solutions to the problem. Case study of ivory trade in Africa - reasons for flourishing trade of ivory in the past, steps taken to curb the trade and the consequences of ban in trade..; International trade: A theoretical perspective; free trade vs. protectionism; import barriers; domestic industry vs. free trade; transnational companies - a historical perspective; India's international trade – characteristics and terms of trade, major imports and exports - foreign exchange crises The export imperative and its impact on the environment; the case study of aquaculture in India; diversion of scarce resource from production of subsistence needs to commercial products; toxic waste trade - extent and impact; Globalization - trade regimes (WTO, GATT, IPR, TRIPS, TRIMS) and their impact on third world. Definition, advantages and disadvantages of globalization, free trade, protectionism. Transnational Companies (TNCs) – definition; TNCs and environment – conflict of interest. Toxic waste trade – definition, origin, factors sustaining, impact on third world countries (example – health and environmental impacts) and Bamako and Basel Conventions. GATT – the organization and its metamorphosis into WTO. Principles and functions of WTO: creating a level playing field for international trade through Most Favored Nation, tariff and non-tariff barriers and trading to comparative advantages. Definition of IPR and its categories: copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial design rights, geographical indicators and trade secrets. A brief understanding of how these agreements impacted India’s trade, food security, economic well-being, environmental sustainability; International aid: agencies; Types of Aid: Tied and Untied Aid, advantages and disadvantages of each

Introduction to database concepts, difference between database and file system, relational data model: concept of domain, tuple, relation, keys - candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key; Relational algebra: selection, projection, union, set difference and cartesian product

Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a database using MySQL, Data Types; Data Definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE; Data Query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE; Data Manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE; Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD (); Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()

Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME (); Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*); Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by; Operations on Relations - Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN

Introduction to computer networks, Evolution of networking; Network types: LAN, WAN, MAN; Network devices: Modem, Ethernet Card, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway. Network Topologies: Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, and Tree topologies; Basic concept of MAC and IP Address difference between Internet and web

Exception Handling: syntax errors, exceptions, need of exception handling, user-defined exceptions, raising exceptions, handling exceptions, catching exceptions, Try - except - else clause, Try - finally clause, recovering and continuing with finally, built-in exception classes; File Handling: text file and binary file, file types, open and close files, reading and writing text files, reading and writing binary files using pickle module, file access modes. Setting Offsets in a File

Stack (List Implementation): Introduction to stack (LIFO Operations), operations on stack (PUSH and POP) and its implementation in python. Expressions in Prefix, Infix and postfix notations, evaluating arithmetic (Postfix) expressions using stack, conversion of Infix expression to postfix expression

Queue (List Implementation): Introduction to Queue (FIFO), Operations on Queue (INSERT and DELETE) and its implementation in Python; Introduction to Deque and its implementation in Python

Searching: Sequential search, Binary search, Analysis of Sequential and Binary Search. Dry run to identify best, worst and average cases. Implementation of searching techniques in Python; Hashing: Hash Functions, Collision Resolution

Overview of sorting techniques, Bubble Sort, Selection Sort and Insertion Sort. Dry run to identify best, worst and average cases. Implementation of sorting techniques in Python

Data and its purpose, collection and organization; understanding data using statistical methods: mean, median, mode (Measures of central tendency), (Measures of Variability) range,standard deviation. variance; data interpretation

Introduction to database concepts, difference between database and file system, relational data model: concept of domain, tuple, relation, keys - candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key; Relational algebra: selection, projection, union, set difference and cartesian product

Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a database using MySQL, Data Types and constraints in MySQL; Data Definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE; Data Query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE; Data Manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE; Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD (); Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM (); Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME (); Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*); Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by; Operations on Relations - Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN

Introduction to computer networks, Evolution of networking; Network types: LAN, WAN, MAN; Network devices: Modem, Ethernet Card, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway. Network Topologies: Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, and Tree topologies; Basic concept of MAC and IP Address; Difference between Internet and web; Domain Name System

Concept of communication, Types of Data Communication, switching techniques; Communication Media: Wired Technologies – Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Ethernet Cable, Optical Fibre; Introduction to mobile telecommunication technologies; Wireless Technologies – Bluetooth, WLAN, Infrared, Microwave; Network Protocol: Need for Protocol, Categorization and Examples of protocol, HTTP, FTP, IP, PPP; electronic mail protocol; Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data Transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps)

Threats and prevention: Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spam, Cookies, Adware, Firewall, http vs https; Network Security Concepts: Firewall, Cookies, Hackers and Crackers; Antivirus and their workings; Network security threats: Denial of service, Intrusion problems, Snooping, Eavesdropping

Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD (); Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM (); Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME (); Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*); Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by; Operations on Relations - Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN

Introduction to Python libraries-Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib; Data structures in Pandas - Series and DataFrames; Series: Creation of Series from – and array, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; Head and Tail functions; Selection, Indexing, and Slicing; DataFrames: creation - from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files; display; iteration; Operations on Rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing; Styling & Formatting data, Head and Tail functions; Joining, Merging and Concatenations; Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and DataFrames

Descriptive Statistics: max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quartile, Standard deviation, variance; DataFrame operations: Aggregation, group by, Sorting, Deleting and Renaming Index, Pivoting; Handling missing values – dropping and filling; Importing/Exporting Data between MySQL database and Pandas

Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving the following types of plots using Matplotlib – line plot, bargraph, histogram, pie chart, frequency polygon, box plot, and scatter plot; Customizing plots: color, style (dashed, dotted), width; adding label, title, and legend in plots

Introduction to Networks, Types of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN; Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway; Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh; Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP; Website: Introduction, the difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, webserver, and hosting of a website; Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug- ins, cookies

Digital footprint, Etiquettes for Net surfing and for communicating through social media, data protection, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and their violation, plagiarism licensing and copyrights, Free and Open- Source Software (FOSS), creative commons, Cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, Overview of Indian IT Act, preventing cybercrime; E-waste: Hazards and management; Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology- like effect on eyesight, physiological issues, and ergonomic aspects

Approaches for Solving Projects, Steps in project-based learning, Teamwork, Components of Teamwork

What is microeconomics?; Central problems of an economy; Consumer’s Equilibrium: meaning and attainment of equilibrium through Utility Approach: One and two commodity cases, Consumers Budget and Optimal choice of the consumer; Demand: market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, movement along and shifts in the demand curve, price elasticity of demand, measurement of price elasticity of demand – percentage, total expenditure, factor determining price elasticity of demand for a good

Production function: Short run and Long run production function; Shapes of TP, MP and AP curves; Cost and Revenue: Concepts of costs; short-run cost curves (fixed and variable costs; total, average and marginal costs); concepts of revenue – total, average and marginal revenue and their relationship. Producer’s equilibrium – with the help of MC and MR

Features of perfect competition; Profit maximization; Price determination under perfect competition – equilibrium price, effects of shifts in demand and supply; Supply: market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve movement along and shifts in supply curve, price elasticity of supply, measurement of price elasticity of supply

Market equilibrium, excess demand, excess supply; Applications:=- Price ceiling and Price flooring

What is macroeconomics?; Basic concepts in macroeconomics: Circular flow of income; Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method; Aggregates related to National Income: Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Price. GDP and Welfare

Meaning and functions, supply of money - Money Creation and Money Multiplier; Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India); Policy tools to control money supply

Aggregate demand and its components; Determination of Income in two sector model; Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply; Multiplier mechanism

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components; Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure; Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit; Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Merits and demerits of exchange rate regimes; Determination of exchange rate; Managed Floating

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence; Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans; Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade

Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy)

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India; Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural market system, Agriculture diversification; alternative farming - organic farming; Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies; Environment and Sustainable Development: Definition and Functions, State of India’s environment, Strategies for sustainable development

A comparison with neighbours; Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators; Development Strategies

Introduction to Indian Miniature Schools: Western-Indian, Pala, Rajasthani, Mughal, Central India, Deccan and Pahari; The Rajasthani Schools: Origin and development of following schools in brief: Mewar, Bundi, Kota, Bikaner, Kishangarh and Jaipur, and main features of the Rajasthani schools; Study of the following Rajasthani paintings (Title / Set / Painter - School): A Folio from Ramayana paintings of Sahibdin - Mewar; A folio from Gita Govind - Mewar; A Folio from Ragamala or Rasikapriya - Bundi; A painting of Hunting scene - Kota; Radha (Bani-Thani) by Nihal Chand - Kishangarh; Pabuji Ki Phad, Folk Scroll painting - Bhilwada; The Pahari Schools: Origin and development of Basohli, Guler and Kangra schools in brief and main features of the Pahari schools; Study of the following Pahari Paintings (Title / Set / Painter - School): A Folio of Ramayana (Sangri - Early Phase) - Basohli; A Folio of Gita Govinda of Jaideva by Manaku - Guler; One Krishna Lila or Bhagavata Purana Folio by Nain Sukh - Kangra; One painting from Nayaka Nayika or Baramasa or Ragamala - Guler or Kangra

The Mughal School: Origin and Development of the Mughal School: A Brief Overview and Main Features; Study of the following Mughal paintings (Title - Painter - School/Period): A Folio from Akbarnama - Basawan - Akbar; Baber Crossing the river Sone - Jagannath - Akbar; Jahangir’s Dream - Abul Hasan - Jahangir; Falcon - Ustad Mansoor - Jahangir; Dara Shikoh with Sages in a Garden - Bichitr - Shah Jahan; Marriage procession of Dara Shikoh - Haji Madni - Provincial Mughal (Oudh); The Deccani School: Origin and Development of the Deccani School and Fain features of the Deccan School; Study of the following Deccani Paintings: Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur - Bijapur; Raga Hindola - Ahmednagar

New Era in Indian art - an introduction; Study of the following paintings: Rama Vanquishing the pride of the ocean - Raja Ravi Verma; Journey’s End - Abanindranath Tagore; Tiller of the Soil - Nandalal Bose; Radhika - Abdur Rehman Chughtai; City in the Night - Gaganendranath Tagore; Mother and child - Jamini Roy; Rasa-Lila - Kshitindranath Majumdar; Woman with Child - Jamini Roy

Introduction: Indian Modern Art; Study of the following Sculptures: Triumph of Labour - D. P. Roy Chowdhury; Santhal Family - Ramkinker Baij; Vanshri - Mrinalini Mukherjee; Cries Un-heard - Amarnath Sahgal; Ganesha Figure - P.V. Janakiram; Study of the following Paintings: Mother Teresa - M.F. Husain; Fairy Tales from Purvapalli - K. G. Subramanyan; Haldi Grinder - Amrita Sher-Gil; Tantric Painting - G.R. Santosh; Dog - K.C.S. Paniker; Children - Somnath Hore

Population of the world- distribution, density and growth; Population change – spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change; Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agriculture and allied activities – some examples from selected countries; Secondary activities – concept; manufacturing; agro-processing, household, small-scale, large-scale Industries, people engaged in secondary activities; Tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries; Quaternary activities – concept; knowledge-based industries; people engaged in quaternary activities – some examples from selected countries

Land transport – roads, railways – rail network; trans – continental railways; Water transport – inland waterways; major ocean routes; Air transport – Intercontinental air routes; Oil and gas pipelines; Satellite communication and cyberspace; International trade – basis and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade

Population – distribution density and growth, composition of population-linguistic and religious, rural – urban population occupational; change through time-regional variations

Rural settlements – Types and distribution; Urban settlements – Types, distribution and functional classification

Land resources-general land use; agriculture land use – major crops; agricultural development and problems, common property resources; Water resources – availability and utilization – irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods – rain water harvesting and watershed management; Mineral and energy resources – metallic and non-metallic minerals and their distribution; conventional and non-conventional energy sources; Planning in India – target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)

Transport and communication – roads, railways, waterways and airways; oil and gas pipelines; communication networking – radio, television, satellite and internet; International trade – changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; seaports and their hinterland and airports

Environmental pollution; Urban – waste disposal; Urbanization-rural-urban migration; problems of slums; Land degradation

Work, age and gender; Occupational heritage of India; Career options; Entrepreneurship and self-employment; Life skills for career building

Clinical nutrition and dietetics; Public nutrition and health; Food processing and technology; Food quality and food safety

Early childhood care and education; Management of Support Services, Institutions and programs for children, youth and elderly

Care and maintenance of fabrics in institutions; Design for fabric and apparel; Fashion Designing and merchandising

Hospitality management; Consumer Education and Protection

Development communication and journalism; Corporate communication and public relations

Agriculture in Prehistory and Protohistory; Textual Sources; Types of Lands; Rain-Fed and Irrigated Crops; Implements; Seed and Sowing; Manures; Pests and Their Management; Cattle Management; Horticulture and Arboriculture; Fishing; Agriculture and Society; Agricultural Heritage: Excerpts from Primary Texts: Rigveda; Kṛṣiparāśara (c. 400 BCE); Kauṭilya (3rd or 4th century BCE); Kaśyapiyakṛṣisukti (800 CE); Vṛkṣāyurveda (c. 1000 CE); Kṛṣigītā (c. 1500 AD)

(1.) Early and Classical Architecture: Temple Architecture; Rock-Cut Structures; Monolithic Temples; Constructed Temples; Public and Private Architecture; Architecture: Excerpts from Primary Texts: Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa; Kautilya’s Arthaśāstra; Mayamata; Mānasāra; (2.) Medieval & Colonial Architecture: Fort and Palace Architecture; Mosques; Mausoleums; Colonial Architecture

(1.) Classical Dance Forms: Classical Period; Middle Period; Modern Period; Classical Dance Forms; Bharatanatyam; Kathakali; Kathak; Kuchipudi; Manipuri; Odissi; Sattriya; Primary Texts on Dance in India: A Selection: Nāṭyaśāstra (tr. Manomohan Ghosh); (2.) Folk Dance Forms: Chau; Bihu; Rauf; Padayani; DolluKunitha; Dandiya; Ghumar; Kalbelia; Chaufla; Bhangra; Giddha; Garba; Lavani; Bamboo Dance

Goals of Indian Education; Teaching and Learning; The Teacher and the Student; Centres of Education; Temples as First Schools; Gurukulas; Viharas and Universities; Community-Supported Education; The Continuing System; Primary Texts on Education in India: A Selection: Two Types of Knowledge and the Right Pupil; Mere Intellectual Knowledge Is Not Enough; The Link between Teacher and Pupil; Teachers Invite Students to come to Them; Controlling the Mind and the Senses: the Goal of Indian Education; Teacher’s Directives to Students on their Completion of Study; What is a Useful Life?; Hsüan-tsang’s (Xuanzang) Impressions of Indian Education; Hsüan-tsang’s (XuanZang) Description of Nalanda University; Narratives of Indian Education in the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries: An Italian Explorer’s Record of Indian Education in the 17th Century; A Description of Indian Education in the 18th Century; The Teacher’s Subsistence; Respect for the Teacher; Physical Education and Sports; Description of the University at Navadveep (Nuddeah) in Bengal in 1791; Love of Learning and Support for Education among Indians; A Widespread Colonial Network of Indigenous Schools

The Cosmic Order; Buddhist Ethics; Jain Ethics; Sikh Ethics; The Bhakti Movement; Primary Texts on Ethics: Individual and Social: A Selection: From Jain Granthas; From Buddhist Granthas; From Asoka’s Edicts; From the Kural (tr. P.S. Sundaram)

Texts; Practice of Martial Arts; Stick Combat; Kalarippayattu; Martial Arts Traditions: A Selection from Primary Texts: Wrestling in the Mahabharata; Mallapurana; Marmasastram

Languages of India; Study of Language in India; Disciplines of Language Studies in India; Classification of Speech-Sounds; Theory of Grammar; Chanda (Prosody); Primary Texts on Language: A Selection: Reflections on Language from Vedic Sources, Phonetics Paniniya siksha (tr. & ed., Manomohan Ghosh), Nirukta (Etymology), The Nighantu and the Nirukta of SriYaskacharya (tr. Ed., Lakshman Sarup) Patañjali’s Mahabhasya (adapted from S.N. Dasgupta’s translation) Grammar, Language and Knowledge Bhartṛhari’s Vakyapadiya, Brahmakanda, (tr. K. A. Subramania Iyer)

Harappan Technologies; Later Pottery; Glass; Water Management; Textile Technology; Writing Technology; Pyrotechnics; Cosmetics and Perfumes; Other Technologies: A Selection from Primary Texts: Gemmology; Water Management; Textiles and Garments; Cosmetics and Perfumes

Understanding Communication Levels of communication, models of communication; Culture and Communication What is culture? Relationship between culture and mass media; communication in the cultural context; media as a vehicle of cultural transmission; representation and stereotyping in Mass Media; Communication and Social Change Social change: meaning; media as a catalyst for social change (with examples of various social movements); Evolution of the Media History of Newspapers, Radio & Television in India and New Media

Understanding news Definition, news values, components of news; Qualities of a good Journalist. An understanding of the following: a nose for news, inquisitiveness, language skills, trustworthiness and empathy; Reporting and Editing techniques Inverted Pyramid, 5W’s &1 H, Headlines, Copy editing; Photo Journalism Importance of photos, captions, visual depiction, photo essays; Media Laws & Ethical Issues in Journalism A brief understanding of each of the following with examples: sensationalism, fake news, paid news, plagiarism, advertorials, partisan reporting, and sting operations, defamation, freedom of speech and expression, law and the media

Advertising; Advertising concepts & process; Functions of Advertising; Types of Advertising (Cross promotions, Merchandise, Convert Advertising); Forms of Advertising; Advertising campaigns; Public Relations; Understanding PR and media management; Building Brand Image a; Tools and Steps in PR; PR campaigns; Crisis Management; Responsibility of a PRO

Pre-production, Production, Post-production Stage; Programs, Formats, Audiences

Writing for Radio Characteristics of a Radio Script: conversational language, active voice, simple sentences, avoidance of technical jargons, and capability of creating imageries; Radio Recording Brief understanding of the radio studio and transmission equipment: types of microphones; amplifier, sound mixer, speakers; audio recording

History of Cinema A brief understanding of the early experiments done by the following: Lumiere Brothers, John Grierson, Robert Flaharty and Dada Saheb Phalke; Production process and Cinema Genres Production process and stages in films and documentary making. Defining genre theory; an understanding of the various types of genres (with suitable examples): action, westerns, comedy, crime, drama, fantasy/sci-fi, historical, animation, romance and musical; Cinema and Social Change Parallel Cinema movement in India: Issues depicted and low budget production process (with reference to examples such as Shyam Benegal’s Manthan)

Definition of social media; Types of social media platforms---social networking, blogging, photo and video sharing; Role of social media in a democracy. Role of social media in creating collective identities with reference to sharing of information; cyber activism (with suitable examples); Cyber Crime. An understanding of online bullying; stalking; trolling; online frauds; Netiquettes. Meaning and importance of netiquettes; an understanding of netiquettes such as: identification of oneself; respect for others’ privacy, use of appropriate language and imagery; do not spam

Internet as the meeting point of all the mass media; Broadcasting; Mass communication model of a few transmitting to a vast number of receivers; Gigantic organization; Huge technical infra-structure; Large scale revenue; The changed paradigm due to the Internet; Empowering an individual to post data on the Internet; Information, message in one medium triggering off activity in the others; Many sources of the same information; Distribution of the information between individuals on an unprecedented global scale; Rapidity of opinion generation on a local, national and global scale; The socio-political implications of the new information order; The Strengthening of democracy; Emerging trends in Mass Communication; Media convergence

(i) Matrices and types of Matrices; (ii) Equality of Matrices, transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrix; (iii) Algebra of Matrices; (iv) Determinants; (v) Inverse of a Matrix; (vi) Solving of simultaneous equations using Matrix Method

(i) Higher order derivatives upto (second order); (ii) Increasing and Decreasing Functions; (iii). Maxima and Minima

(i) Indefinite integrals of simple functions; (ii) Evaluation of indefinite integrals; (iii) Definite Integrals; (iv). Application of Integration as area under the curve (simple curve)

(i) Order and degree of differential equations; (ii) Solving of differential equations with variable separable

Simple Probability

(i) Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables; (ii) Feasible and infeasible regions; (iii). Optimal feasible solution

Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operations on matrices: Addition, multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse,if it exists;(Here all matrices will have real entries)

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices), minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, like sin−1 x, cos−1 x and tan−1 x, derivative of implicit functions. Concepts of exponential, logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives

Rate of change of quantities, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)

Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them: ∫ dx/(x² + a²), ∫ dx/√(x² ± a²), ∫ dx/(a² − x²), ∫ dx/√(a² − x²), ∫ dx/(ax² + bx + c), ∫ dx/√(ax² + bx + c), ∫ (px + q)dx/(ax² + bx + c), ∫ (px + q)dx/√(ax² + bx + c), ∫ √(a² ± x²) dx, ∫ √(x² − a²) dx, ∫ √(ax² + bx + c) dx; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integralsand evaluation of definite integrals.

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + Py = Q, where P and Q are functions of x or constants; dx/dy + Px = Q, where P and Q are functions of y or constants

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

Conditional probability, Multiplications theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem

Define modulus of an integer; Apply arithmetic operations using modular arithmetic rules

Define congruence modulo; Apply the definition in various problems

Understand the rule of allegation to produce a mixture at a given price; Determine the mean price of a mixture; Apply rule of allegation

Solve real life problems mathematically

Distinguish between upstream and downstream; Express the problem in the form of an equation

Determine the time taken by two or more pipes to fill or empty the tank

Compare the performance of two players w.r.t. time, distance

Describe the basic concepts of numerical inequalities; Understand and write numerical inequalities

Define matrix; Identify different kinds of matrices

Determine equality of two matrices; Write transpose of given matrix; Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrix

Perform operations like addition & subtraction on matrices of same order; Perform multiplication of two matrices of appropriate order; Perform multiplication of a scalar with matrix

Determinant of a square matrix; Use elementary properties of determinants; Singular matrix, Non-singular matrix; |AB|=|A||B|; Simple problems to find determinant value

Define the inverse of a square matrix; Apply properties of inverse of matrices; Inverse of a matrix using: a) cofactors If A and B are invertible square matrices of same size, i) (AB)-1=B-1 A-1 ii) (A-1)-1 =A iii) (AT) -1 = (A-1) T

Determine second and higher order derivatives upto second order derivatives; Understand differentiation of parametric functions and implicit functions

Determine the rate of change of various quantities

Define marginal cost and marginal revenue; Find marginal cost and marginal revenue

Determine whether a function is increasing or decreasing; Determine the conditions for a function to be increasing or decreasing

Determine critical points of the function; Find the point(s) of local maxima and local minima and corresponding local maximum and local minimum values; Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of a function; Solve applied problems

Understand and determine indefinite integrals of simple functions as anti-derivative

Evaluate indefinite integrals of simple algebraic functions by methods of (i) substitution (ii) partial fraction (iii) by parts

Define definite integral as area under the curve(non-trigonometric function); Understand fundamental theorem of integral calculus and apply it to evaluate the definite integral; Apply properties of definite integrals to solve problems

Identify the region representing C.S. and P.S. graphically; Apply the definite integral to find consumer surplus-producer surplus

Recognize a differential equation; Find the order and degree of a differential equation

Formulate differential equations; Verify the solution of differential equation; Solve simple differential equation

Understand the concept of Random Variables and its Probability Distributions; Find probability distribution of discrete random variable

Apply arithmetic mean of frequency distribution to find the expected value of a random variable

Calculate the Variance and S.D. of a random variable

Identify the Bernoulli Trials and apply Binomial Distribution; Evaluate Mean, Variance and S.D. of a Binomial Distribution

Understand the conditions of Poisson Distribution; Evaluate the Mean and Variance of Poisson distribution

Understand normal distribution is a continuous distribution; Evaluate value of Standard normal variate; Area relationship between Mean and Standard Deviation

Identify time series as chronological data

Distinguish between different components of time series

Solve practical problems based on statistical data and Interpret

Understand the long term tendency

Demonstrate the techniques of finding trend by different methods

Define Population and Sample; Differentiate between population and sample; Define a representative sample from a population; Differentiate between a representative and a non-representative sample; Draw a representative sample using simple random sampling; Draw a representative sample using a systematic random sampling

Define Parameter with reference to Population; Define Statistics with reference to Sample; Explain the relation between Parameter and Statistic; Explain the limitation of Statistic to generalize the estimation for population; Interpret the concept of Statistical Significance and Statistical Inferences; Central Limit Theorem; Explain the relation between Population-Sampling Distribution-Sample

Define a hypothesis; Differentiate between Null and Alternate hypothesis; Define and calculate degree of freedom; Test Null hypothesis and make inferences using t-test statistic for one group

Explain the concept of perpetuity and sinking fund; Calculate perpetuity; Differentiate between sinking fund and saving account

Explain the concept of EMI; Calculate EMI using various methods

Explain the concept of rate of return and nominal rate of return; Calculate rate of return and nominal rate of return

Understand the concept of Compound Annual Growth Rate; Differentiate between Compound Annual Growth rate and Annual Growth Rate; Calculate Compound Annual Growth Rate

Concept of linear method of Depreciation; Interpret cost, residual value and useful life of an asset from the given information; Depreciation

Concept of bond and related terms; Value of bond using present value approach

Familiarize with terms related to Linear Programming Problem

Formulate Linear Programming Problem

Identify and formulate different types of LPP

Draw the Graph for a system of linear inequalities involving two variables and to find its solution graphically

Identify feasible, infeasible and bounded regions

Understand feasible and infeasible solutions; Find optimal feasible solution

Sangeet, Nad, Shruti, Swara- Shuddha, Komal, Teevra, Pitch-Intensity – Timbre, Gram- Murcchana, Varna, Alankar, Raga, Alap Tana, Gamak, Meend, Kan

Vadi, Samvadi, Anuvadi, Vivadi,Uttarang, Puravang, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad, Thata(Mela) Jati- Audav,Shadav, Sampurna and its varieties

Laya – Vilambit,Madhya, Drut Layakari- Dagun, Tigun, Chaugun, Chegun, Tala, Matra, Tali, Khali, Sam, Vibhag, Avartan, Knowledge of prominent Talas: Teental,Ektala, Dadra, Keharwa, Jhaptala, Rupak, Adi, Saptala, Chaputala, Rupakam

Prabandh, Drupad, Khayal, Thumri, Tarana, Maseet Khani-Razakhani Gat, Kriti,Pallavi, Padam, Tillana

V.N Bhatkhande, Omkar Nath thakur, Allaudin Khan, Mushtaq Ali Khan, Tyagraja, Purandardas, Ravindra Nath tagore, Kazi narrul Islam

string (Tatta)- Sitar, Tanpura, Saraswati Veena, Sarod, sarangi Violon percussion (Avnadha) Tabla, Pakhawaj, Mrindangam, Khatam, Khanjira, Dholak Wind (Sushir) – Flute, Shehnai, Nagaswaram, Harmonium Metallic (Ghan)- Chimta, Cymbal, Ghungaroo, Khadtala, Chipla,Morchung

1. Yaman/Kalyani, 2. Bhairav/ Mayamalavgaula, 3. Alhaiya Bilwal/Shankra bharnam, 4. Malkaun/Hindolam, 5. Bageshree/Shri Ranjani, 6. Bhupali/Mohnam

(Kathak, Bharatnatyam, Manipuri, Kathakali, Odissi, Kuchipudi, Mohiniattam, Sattriya) i. History ii. Dance repertoire iii. Music both vocal and instrumental iv. Costume and makeup

i. Sangeet, Natan Bheda ( Natya,Nritta, Nritya) ii. Tandav, Lasya iii. Lokdharmi, Natyadharmi

i. Texts: Abhinaya Darpan, Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Chandrika, Hasta Lakshana deepika. ii. Major folk dances of India

i. Aangika, Vachika, Aaharya, Satwika ii. Nav rasa and sthayi bhaav. iii. Bhaav, Vibhaav, Anubhaav, Sanchari

i. Elementary information and knowledge of premier classical dance gharanas/ organisations/ institutions/ University-departments. ii. Major dance festivals

a) Tala, Matra,Tali, Khali, Vibhag, Tihai, Sam b) Theka, Kayada,Rela, Tukda, Paran, Peshkar, Uthan, Chakradar & Farmaishi chakradar. c) Sarvlaghu,Gati, Koraipu,Korvai,Pharan,Mohra, Chapu, Muktayipu d) Study of Laya,Laykari & Jati

Tala Notation System

a) Brief study of origin of Tabla,Pakhawaj and Mridangam. b) Brief study of Gharana of Tabla and Pakhawaj

a) Teentala, Jhaptala,Ektala, Rupak, Keharwa & Dadra b) Chautala, Sooltala,Khemtas, Dhamar c) Dhurva,Mathya Rupak,Jhampa,Triput,Ata,Eka

a) Pt.Kishan Mharaj,Ustad Zakir Hussain. b) Raja Chatrapati Singh,Guru Purushotam Das. c) Palani Subramanya Pillai, Palghat Mani Iyer

i. Leading Sanskrit Playwrights ii. Bhasa, Kalidasa, Sudraka, Bhavabhuti [ The student can identify and study one text (one play) of the above-mentioned Playwrights] iii. Major Traditional Theatre forms

i. Survey of major modern and contemporary styles and works in Hindi/ English ii. Rabindranath Tagore, Bhartendu Harishchandra,Vijay Tendulkar, Mohan Rakesh, Dharamveer Bharti, Badal sarcar, Shankar Shesh, Girish Karnad, Chandrasekhar Kambar, Madhu Rye. [The student can identify and study one text (one play) of the above-mentioned playwrights] iii. Partitioners of modern Indian Theatre Shambhu Mitra, B.V.Karanth, Habib Tanvir, K.N.Panikkar, Ratan Thiyam, Utapal Dutt, Rajender Nath, Jabbar Patel, Vijya Mehta, Satyadev Dubey, E.Alkazi, Pravin Joshi

i. Leading Greek Playwrights ii. Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripedese [The student can identify and study one text (one play) of the above-mentioned playwrights] iii. Shakesperean Dramas [The student can identify and study one text (one play) of the Shakespeare]

i. Survey of major contemporary styles and works in English or English Translation ii. Chekov, Ibsen, Strindberg, Shaw,O’Neil, Miller, Ionesco, Beckett, Pinter Stoppard,Pirandello [The student can identify and study one text (one play) of the playwrights above-mentioned] iii. Practitioners of Modern Western Drama a) Stanislavsky, Lee Strasberg, Bertolt Brecht, Meyerhold, Peter Brook b) Marlin Brando, Lawrence Olivier, John Grilgood

i. Types of Theatres: Proscenium, Arena, Theatre in Round, Thrust. ii. Elements of play production: Set, Light, Costume, Make up, Sound- Music

i. Review of Indian Theatre Organizations-NSD, University Theatre Deptts, Sangeet Natak academy, Zonal Cultural Centres. ii. Developing and Documenting the Research project – Examples of research projects in different aspects of theatre; using media and sources for the project

National Health Policies; National Rural Health Mission (NRHM); Nutritional Status - Hypo-nutrition, Hyper-nutrition; School Health Services and Midday Meal Programme; Adolescence Education Programme; Inclusive Physical Education: Advantages of Physical Activities for Children with Special Needs, Strategies to make Physical Activities accessible for Children with Special Needs; Major Diseases: Communicable - Typhoid, Influenza, Malaria, Dengue, HIV Infection; Non-Communicable - Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity & Arthritis

Psychological Aspects: Role of Psychology in Games and Sports; Motivation, its types and techniques in sports; Personality - Theories of Personality (C.G. Jung, Sheldon, Big Five Factor Theory); Role of sports in managing emotion, Anxiety and aggression; Sociological Aspects: Development of leadership qualities through games and sports; Role of Physical education in promoting National integration

Heading continues: Basics of Games and Sports Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Gymnastics, Hand ball, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Volleyball, Swimming, Table tennis and Wrestling Handball.; Basics of Games and Sports- Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Gymnastics, Hand ball, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-kho, Volleyball, Swimming, Table tennis and Wrestling, Handball; Specifications of play fields / Arena of games / sports; General rules; Fundamental skills

Suryanamaskar/Sun Salutation; Asanas: - Standing: Vrikshasana, Trikonasana, Padhatasana, Utkatsana, Ardhchakrasana. Sitting: Pravatasana, Ustrasana, Yogmudrasana, Simhasana, Dhanurasana, Sukhasana. Lying: Proline- Makarasana, Shalbhasana, Bhujangasana; Supine- Viparita Karani, Sarvangasana. Advance Asana- Kukutasana, Mayurasana; Kriya: Kapalbhati, Tratak, Neti, Dhauti; Bandha: Uddiyana & Jalandhar Bandha; Pranayama: Bhramari, Sheetli, Ujjayi, and Nadi shodhana; Yognidra - Knowledge of Do’s and don’ts of yogic practices

Macro & Micro Nutrients and Balance diet; Importance of Diet in Sports-Pre, During and Post competition Requirements; Food adulteration and awareness; Postural Deformities and their corrective measures; Causes and management of Common Sports Injuries: Sprain, Strain, Contusion, Abrasion, Dislocation and Types of Fracture: Oblique, Impacted, Comminuted, Transverse, Green stick fracture

National Sports Policies in India; Sports Awards- Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, Arjuna Award, and Dronacharya Award; Career Opportunities in Physical Education, Sports and Yoga in India; Courses offered in Physical Education, Sports and Yoga in India

Strength - Isometric, Isotonic & Isokinetic Exercises; Endurance - Continuous training method, Interval training method and Fartlek training Method; Speed - Acceleration runs and Pace runs; Flexibility - Ballistic method and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Strength: Standing Broad Jump: Backward Medicine Ball Throw; Speed: Sprint- 50 Meters; Agility: Shuttle Run (4X10 Meters), SEMO Agility test; Balance: Static Balance (Flamingo balance test) Dynamic Balance (Modified Bass Test); Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test

Physiological factors determining components of physical fitness; Effects of exercise on the Muscular System; Effects of exercise on the Cardio- Respiratory System; Newton’s Law of Motion & their Application in sports; Types of Levers and their Application in Sports

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two- point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, electric dipole; Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field; Electric field, electric field lines electric field due to a point charge, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in an uniform electric field; Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside); Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel; Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop; Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. The solenoid, force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields; Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter; Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction; Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, phasors, resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current; AC generator, Transformer

Concept of displacement current; Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature; Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism; Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers; Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts; Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle; Coherent sources and interference of light, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width; Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation; Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of an orbit, velocity and energy of electron in an orbit, hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only); Composition and size of nucleus, atomic number, atomic mass number, isotopes, isobars and isotones, nuclear force, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only); Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-type and n-type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode its I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; Application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier

First three general elections, nature of Congress dominance at the National level, uneven dominance at the state level, coalitional nature of Congress. Major opposition parties

Nehru’s approach to nation-building: Legacy of partition: challenge of ‘refugee’ resettlement, the Kashmir problem. Organisation and reorgansation of states; Political conflicts over language

Five year plans, expansion of state sector and the rise of new economic interest

Nehru’s foreign policy. Sino-Indian war of 1962, Indo-Pak war of 1965 and 1971. India’s nuclear programme and shifting alliance in world politics

Political succession after Nehru. NonCongressism and electoral upset of 1967, Congress split and reconstitution, Congress’ victory in 1971 elections, politics of ‘garibi hatao’

Search for ‘committed’ bureaucracy and judiciary. Navnirman movement in Gujarat and the Bihar movement. Emergency: context, constitutional and extra-constitutional dimensions, resistance to emergency. 1977 elections and the formation of Janata Party. Rise of civil liberties organisations

Rise of regional parties. Punjab crisis and the anti-Sikh riots of 1984. The Kashmir situation. Challenges and responses in the North East

Participatory upsurge in 1990s. Rise of the JD and the BJP. Increasing role of regional parties and coalition politics. UF and NDA governments. Elections 2004-2019 and UPA government with addition of NDA government

Challenge of and responses to globalization: new economic policy and its opposition. Rise of OBCs in North Indian politics. Dalit politics in electoral and non-electoral arena. Challenge of communalism: Ayodhya issue

New entities in world politics: Russia, Balkan states and, Central Asian states, Introduction of democratic politics and capitalism in post-communist regimes. India’s relations with Russia and other post-communist countries

Rise of China as an economic power in post- Mao era, creation and expansion of European Union, ASEAN. India’s changing relations with China, Japan and South Korea

Democratisation and its reversals in Pakistan and Nepal. Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Impact of economic globalization on the region. Conflicts and efforts for peace in South Asia. India’s relation with its neighbours

Restructuring and the future of the UN. India’s position in the restructured UN. Rise of new international actors: new international economic organisations, NGOs. How democratic and accountable are the new institution of global governance?

Traditional concerns of security and politics of disarmament. Non-traditional of human security: global poverty, health and education. Issues of human rights and migration

Environment movement and evolution of global environmental norms. Conflicts over traditional and common property resources. Right of indigenous people. India’s stand in global environmental debates

Economic, cultural and political manifestations. Debates on the nature of consequences of globalization. Anti-globalisation movements. India as an arena of globalization and struggles against it

Introduction; Individual Differences in Human Functioning; Assessment of Psychological Attributes; Intelligence; Theories of Intelligence; Individual Differences in Intelligence; Culture and Intelligence; Emotional Intelligence; Special Abilities: Aptitude: Nature and Measurement; Creativity

Introduction; Self and Personality; Concept of Self; Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self: Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Self-regulation; Culture and Self; Concept of Personality; Major Approaches to the Study of Personality: Type Approaches, Trait Approaches, Psychodynamic Approach, Behavioural Approach, Cultural Approach, Humanistic Approach; Assessment of Personality: Self-report Measures, Projective Techniques, Behavioural Analysis

Introduction; Nature, Types and Sources of Stress; Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health: Stress and Health, General Adaptation Syndrome, Stress and Immune System, Lifestyle; Coping with Stress: Stress Management Techniques; Promoting Positive Health and Well-being: Life Skills

Introduction; Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders; Classification of Psychological Disorders; Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour; Major Psychological Disorders: Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Trauma- and Stressor- Related Disorders, Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Bipolar and Related Disorders, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Introduction; Nature and Process of Psychotherapy: Therapeutic Relationship; Types of Therapies: Behaviour Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Humanistic-existential Therapy, Factors Contributing to Healing in Psychotherapy, Ethics in Psychotherapy, Alternative Therapies; Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill

Introduction; Explaining Social Behaviour; Nature and Components of Attitudes; Attitude Formation and Change; Prejudice and Discrimination; Strategies for Handling Prejudice

Introduction; Nature and Formation of Groups; Types of Groups; Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour: Social Loafing, Group Polarization

अजन्ताः: बालक , फल , रमा , कवि , मति , वारि , नदी , शिशु , धेनु , मधु , पितृ , मातृ , कर्तृ , सखि , दातृ , नृ , स्वसृ, अक्षि, गो, वधू । ; हलन्ताः: राजन् , भवत् , आत्मन् , विद्वस् , वाच् , पथिन् , मरुत् , तादृश् , दिश् , धनिन् , पञ्चन् , अष्टन् , नवन् , दशन् । ; सर्वनामानि: सर्व , तत् , यत् , किम् , इदम् ( त्रिषु लिङ्गेषु ) , अस्मद् , युष्मद् ।

परस्मैपदिनः: गम् , नम् , अस् , हस् , श्रु , नश् , आप् , शक् , इष् , प्रच्छ् , कृ , ज्ञा , भक्षू , चिन्त् , नृत् , कथ् , नी , पच् ( लट् , लृट् , लोट् , लङ् , विधिलिङ् इति पञ्चलकारेषु प्रयोगाः ) ; आत्मनेपदिनः: लभ् , सेव् , वन्द् , याच् ( लट्-लृट्-लङ् लकारेषु )

स्वरसन्धिः: दीर्घः , गुणः , वृद्धिः , यण् , अयादिः , पूर्वरूपम् । ; व्यञ्जनसन्धिः: श्चुत्वम् , ष्टुत्वम् , जश्त्वम् , अनुनासिकः , अनुस्वारः , परसवर्णः । ; विसर्गसन्धिः: उत्वम् , रत्वम् , लोपः , विसर्गस्थाने स् , श् , ष् आदेशाः ।

अव्ययीभावः: यथा , प्रति , उप , अनु , निर् , सह , अधि । ; द्वन्द्वः: इतरेतरद्वन्द्वः , समाहारः , एकशेषः । ; तत्पुरुषः: विभक्तितत्पुरुषः , कर्मधारयः , द्विगुः , उपपदतत्पुरुषः । ; बहुव्रीहिः

कृत्-प्रत्ययाः: क्त , क्तवतु , तव्यत् , अनीयर् , शतृ , शानच् , क्तिन् , क्त्वा , ल्यप् , तुमुन् , तृच् । ; तद्धित-प्रत्ययाः: मतुप् , इन् , ठक् , ठञ् , त्व , तल् । ; स्त्री-प्रत्ययौ: टाप् , ङीप् ।

विशेषण-विशेष्यपदचयनम् ; कर्तृक्रिया-पदचयनम् ; पर्याय / विलोमपदचयनम्

छन्दांसि – अनुष्टुप्, इन्द्रवज्रा , उपेन्द्रवज्रा , उपजातिः , वंशस्थम् , वसन्ततिलका , मालिनी , शिखरिणी , शार्दूलविक्रीडितम् , मन्दाक्रान्ता ।

शब्दालङ्काराः-अनुप्रासः , यमकम् , श्लेषः । ; अर्थालङ्काराः-उपमा , रूपकम् , उत्प्रेक्षा , अर्थान्तरन्यासः ।

Demographic Structure; Rural – Urban Linkages and Divisions

Family and Kinship; The Caste System; Tribal Society; The Market as a Social Institution

Caste Prejudice, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Class; Marginalisation of Tribal Communities; The Struggle for Women’s Equality; The Protection of Religious Minorities; Caring of the Different Abled

Problems of Communalism, Regionalism and Casteism and Patriarchy; Communities, Nations & Nation States; Role of the State and Civil Society in a Plural and Unequal Society

Process of Structural Change: Colonialism, Industrialisation, Urbanisation; Process of Cultural Change: Modernization, Westernisation, Sanskritisation, Secularisation; Social Reform Movements and Laws

The Constitution as an instrument of Social Change; Parties, Pressure Groups and Democratic Politics; Panchayati Raj and the Challenges of Social Transformation

Land Reforms, the Green Revolution and Agrarian Society; From Planned Industrialisation to Liberalisation; Changes in the Class Structure

Media and Social Change; Globalisation and Social Change

Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants; Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses; Women’s Movements in Independent India; Tribal Movements; Environmental Movements

General Knowledge, Current Affairs; General Mental Ability, Numerical Ability; Reasoning (Simple application of basic mathematical concepts Quantitative arithmetic / algebra geometry / mensuration / statistics); Logical and Analytical Reasoning; General Science and Environment Literacy