KVS TGT

20 questions; 60 marks

20 questions; 60 marks

20 questions; 60 marks

20 questions; 60 marks

10 questions; 30 marks; in English medium only

10 questions; 30 marks; in the language the candidate opts for in the application form from Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu

Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers on the number line. Rational numbers as recurring/ terminating decimals. Operations on real numbers.; Examples of non-recurring/non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational numbers) such as √2, √3 , and their representation on the number line. Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique point on the number line and conversely, viz. every point on the number line represents a unique real number.; Definition of nth root of a real number.; Rationalization , real numbers of the type and their combinations where x and y are natural number and a and b are integers.; Laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of; Number theory, squences and patterns, Triangular Number, Hexagonal Number, square Numbers, Cube Numbers, patterns, Shape sequences, super cells, palindromic patterns. Kaprekar Constant .clock and Calender Number,collatz conjecture Bhramagupta's method of Computation.

Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples.; Coefficients of a polynomial, terms of a polynomial and zero polynomial.; Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials. Monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples.; Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials.; Remainder Theorem with examples, Factor Theorem.; Factorization of ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem.; The algebraic expressions and identities. Verification of identities: And their use in factorization of polynomials.

R,R2,R3 as vector spaces over R and concept of Rn.Standard basis for each of them. Linear Independence and examples of different bases.Subspaces of R2, R3. Translation, Dilation, Rotation, Reflection in a point, line and plane. Matrix form of basic geometric transformations. Interpretation of eigen values and eigen vectors for such transformations and eigen spaces as invariant subspaces. Matrices in diagonal form. Reduction to diagonal form upto matrices of order 3. Computation of matrix inverses using elementary row operations.Rank of matrix, Solutions of a system of linear equations using matrices

Linear equations in one variable.Introduction to the equation in two variables. Focus on linear equations of the type ax + by + c=0.Explain that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real numbers, plotting them and showing that they lie on a line.

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination.Simple situational problems.

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.

Arithmetic Progression, nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the coordinate plane, notations. Graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division) Area of Triangle.

History - Geometry in India and Euclid's geometry. Euclid's method of formalizing observed phenomenon into rigorous Mathematics with definitions, common/obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five postulates of Euclid. Showing the relationship between axiom and theorem, for example: (Axiom) 1. Given two distinct points, there exists one and only one line through them. (Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common.

If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180 degrees and the converse.; If two lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal.; Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel.

Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence).; Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA Congruence).; Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS Congruence).; Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle. (RHS Congruence); The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.; The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.; If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.; If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.; If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.; If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.; If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.; In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely.; In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely.; A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal.; In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely.; In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and in half of it and (motivate) its converse.

Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse.; The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.; Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or their respective centers) and conversely.; The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.; Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.; If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle.; The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180° and its converse.; Tangent to a circle at, point of contact; The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.; The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Area of a triangle using Heron's formula, Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120°.

Surface areas and volumes of spheres (including hemispheres) and right circular cones. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Area of a Triangle using Hero's formula and its application in finding the area of a quadrilateral.

Bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths), and frequency polygons. Mean, median and mode of grouped and ungrouped data, infrographics.,presentation of data, tabular form.

Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event. elementary probability and basic law. Discrete and continuous random variable.

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 00 and 900. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 300, 450 and 600.Relationships between the ratios.

Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°

Sets. Functions and their graphs : polynomial, sine, cosine, exponential and logarithmic functions. Step function, Limits and continuity. Differentiation, Methods of differentiation like Chain rule, Product rule and Quotient rule. Second order derivatives of above functions. Integration as reverse process of differentiation. Integrals of the functions introduced above.

Elementary Inequalities, Absolute value, Inequality of means, Cauchy – Schwarz Inequality, Tchebychef’s Inequality.

Gases, liquids, solids, plasma and Bose-Enstein condenstate, types of intermolecular forces. Classification of matter into mixtures and pure substances. Henry’s Law. Concentration of solutions. Colloids-phases of colloids, Tyndall effect, Brownian movement. Suspension. Properties of matter. Measurement of properties of matter-S.I. system of units, physical and chemical changes Laws of chemical combination Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro law, atomic and molecular masses, average atomic mass, mole concept and molar masses, percentage composition.

Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of a mixture).

Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination, Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses.

Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars, Discharge tube experiments.

Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale Numericals , Importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. , difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds Alcohols: Preparation and properties. Qualitative analysis of alcohols, iodoform test, effect of alcohols on living beings. Carboxylicacids: Preparation and properties. , soaps and detergents. Concept of hybridization and shapes of molecules structural formula and molecular models. isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

Mendeleev’s periodic law, Periodic properties of elements, trends in the periods and groups: Improtance of the periodic table, position of hydrogen in the periodic table.

Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).

‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and re-flexaction; Chemical co- ordination: animal hormones.

Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – need and methods of family planning . Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Heredity; Mendel’s contribution-Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction evolution. - Acquired and inherited traits., Homologus and Analogous organs. , What are fossils?.

Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multi cellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes – basic structure, number.

Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration.

Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Freefall.

Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.

Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy).

Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultra sound; reflection of sound; echo.

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, Electric Generator, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life

Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Global warming and green house effect, acid rain, particulate pollutants, smog, formation of photochemical smog. Water pollution-oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, international standard of drinking water, processing of drinking water.

- Basis of Classification. - Classification & Evolution. - Hierarchy of classification–groups. - Plantae, Animalia. - Nomenclature

- Health & its failure. - Diseases and their causes - Types of diseases- Infectious, Noninfectious. - Prevention of diseases - Smmunisation

Why Deforestation?; The Rise of Commercial Forestry; Rebellion in the Forest; Forest Transformations in Java

Pastoral Nomads and their Movements; Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life; Pastoralism in Africa

the Cities of Harappa , Mohenjo Daro and Lothal as well as the art , town planning and agriculture of the civilizations.

Cheras , Cholas nad Pandyas -Dynastics that ruled over South India during the Sangam Age ".Vijay Nagar : Founder , Dynastics , Capital and Administraion .

Nawabs losing Power; The Peasants and the Sepoys Responses to reforms; Mutiny become as popular rebellion.

Rotation , Revolution , Occurance of Day and night ; Change of seasons ; Latitudes and Longitudes ; Finding time .

Origin of Continents and Ocean basins Wegener's Continental drift Theory , Theory of plate Tectonics , Earthquakes and Volcanoes , Folding and Faulting .

Location; Size; India and the World; India’s Neighbours

Major Physiographic Divisions–Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, Islands

Concept; Drainage Systems in India; The Himalayan Rivers-Ganga and Brahmaputra River System; The Peninsular Rivers- Narmada Basin,Tapti Basin, Godavari Basin, Mahanadi Basin, Krishna Basin, Kaveri Basin; Lakes; Role of Rivers in the Economy; River Pollution

Concept; Climatic Controls; Factors influencing India’s climate –Latitude, Altitude, Pressure and Winds (excluding Jet Streams and Western Cyclonic Disturbances and related figures); The Seasons – Cold Weather Season,Hot Weather Season, Advancing Monsoon, Retreating/Post Monsoons; Distribution of Rainfall; Monsoon a saunifying bond

Types of Vegetation–Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Thorn Forests and Shrubs, Montane Forests, Mangrove Forests; Wild Life

Population Size and Distribution–India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers, India’s Population Distribution by Density; Population Growth and Processes of Population Change–Population Growth, Processes of Population Change/Growth

What is Democracy?; Features of Democracy; Why Democracy?; Broader Meanings of Democracy

Democratic Constitution in South Africa; Why do we need a Constitution?; Making of the Indian Constitution; Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution

Why Elections?; What is our System of Elections?; What makes elections in India democratic?

How is the major policy decision taken?; Parliament; Political Executive; The Judiciary

Life without Rights; Rights in a Democracy; Rights in the Indian Constitution; Expanding scope of rights

Overview; Economic Activities by Men and Women; Quality of Population; Unemployment

Overview; Two typical cases of Poverty; Poverty as seen by Social Scientists; Poverty Estimates; Vulnerable Groups; Interstate Disparities; Global Poverty Scenario; Causes of Poverty; Anti-Poverty measures; The Challenges Ahead

Overview; What is Food Security?; Why Food Security?; Who are food insecure?; Food Security in India; What is Buffer Stock?; What is the Public Distribution System?; Current Status of Public Distribution System; Role of Cooperatives in food security

The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation; The Making of Nationalism in Europe; The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848; The Making of Germany and Italy; Visualizing the Nation; Nationalism and Imperialism

The First World War, Khilafat and Non -; Cooperation; Differing Strands within the Movement; Towards Civil Disobedience; The Sense of Collective Belonging

The Pre-modern world; The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914); The Inter war Economy; Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era

Before the Industrial Revolution; Hand Labour and Steam Power; Industrialization in the Colonies; Factories Come Up; The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth; Market for Goods

The First Printed Books; Print Comes to Europe; The Print Revolution and its Impact; The Reading Mania; The Nineteenth Century; India and the World of Print; Religious Reform and Public Debates; New Forms of Publication; Print and Censorship

Concept; Development of Resources; Resource Planning – Resource Planning in India, Conservation of Resources; Land Resources; Land Utilization; Land Use Pattern in India; Land Degradation and Conservation Measures; Soil as a Resource - Classification of Soils, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

Conservation of forest and wildlife in India; Types and distribution of forests and wildlife resources; Community and Conservation

Water Scarcity and The Need for Water Conservation and Management; Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management; Rainwater Harvesting

Types of Farming – Primitive Subsistence, Intensive Subsistence,; Commercial; Cropping Pattern – Major Crops, Food Crops other than Grains, Non Food Crops, Technological and Institutional Reforms; Food Security (excluding impact of globalization on agriculture)

What is a mineral?; Mode of occurrence of Minerals – Where are these minerals found?, Ferrous Minerals, Non-Ferrous Minerals, Non-Metallic Minerals, Rock Minerals; Conservation of Minerals; Energy Resources – Conventional Sources of Energy, Non-Conventional Sources of Energy; Conservation of Energy Resources

Importance of Manufacturing – Industrial Location (excluding Industry Market Linkage), Agro based Industry (excluding Cotton Textiles, Jute Textiles, Sugar Industry), Mineral based Industries (excluding Iron Steel Industry, Cement Industry), Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation, Control of Environmental Degradation

Roadways; Railways; Pipelines; Waterways; Major Seaports; Airways; Communication; International Trade; Tourism as a Trade

Belgium and Sri Lanka; Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka; Accommodation in Belgium; Why power sharing is desirable?; Forms of Power Sharing

What is Federalism?; What make India a Federal Country?; How is Federalism practiced?; Decentralization in India

Gender and Politics - Public/Private division, Women’s political representation; Religion, Communalism and Politics –Communalism, Secular State; Caste and Politics - Caste inequalities, Caste in politics, Politics in caste

Why do we need Political Parties? –; Meaning, Functions, Necessity; How many parties should we have?; National Parties; State Parties; Challenges to Political Parties; How can Parties be reformed?

How do we assess democracy’s outcomes?; Accountable, responsive and legitimate government; Economic growth and development; Reduction of inequality and poverty; Accommodation of social diversity; Dignity and freedom of the citizens

What Development Promises – Different People, Different Goals; Income and Other Goals; National Development; How to compare different countries or states?; Income and other criteria; Public Facilities; Sustainability of Development

Sectors of Economic Activities; Comparing the three sectors; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India; Division of sectors as organized and unorganized; Sectors in terms of ownership: Public and Private Sectors

Money as a medium of exchange; Modern forms of Money; Loan activities of Banks; Two different Credit situations; Terms of Credit; Formal Sector Credit in India; Self Help Groups for the Poor

Production across countries; Inter linking production across countries; Foreign Trade and integration of markets; What is Globalization?; Factors that have enabled Globalization; World Trade Organization; Impact of Globalization in India; The Struggle for a fair Globalization

Consumer in market place; Consumer movement; Consumer Rights

Comprehension Three or four unseen passages from different genres (prose, poetry, drama, articles, editorials, scientific, and literary extracts). Questions will test comprehension, inference, vocabulary, tone, rhetorical devices, and logical sequencing.

Formal and Informal Letters: Business letters, job applications, letters to editors, complaints, and personal letters. Report Writing: Factual description of events, newspaper reports, and analytical reports. Notices, Circulars, and Press Releases.

Essay Writing: Argumentative, analytical, reflective, and descriptive essays. Article/Debate/Speech: Expressing opinions on socio-political, economic, and educational issues.

Parts of Speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Adjectives, Prepositions, Conjunctions. Sentence Structure : Types of sentences, subject-verb agreement, parallelism, and sentence connectors. Tenses and Their Usage: Active-passive voice, sequence of tenses, and reported speech. Clauses: Noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. Common Errors: Articles, prepositions, modifiers, redundancy, and word order. Editing and Proofreading: Error detection, sentence correction, and transformation.

Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama: William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson. Poetry: John Donne, Alexander Pope, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats. Victorian and Modern Writers: Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot, George Orwell.

R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Anita Desai, Vikram Seth, Arundhati Roy, Amitav Ghosh.

Gabriel García Márquez, Chinua Achebe, Pablo Neruda, Khaled Hosseini.

हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास; हिंदी साहित्य उद्भव और विकास; गद्य साहित्य की विधाएं; कहानी, उपन्यास, नाटक/एकांकी, निबंध, रेखाचित्र, संस्मरण, जीवनी, आत्मकथा, यात्रा वृत्तांत, रिपोर्ताज, कथेतर गद्य

आदिकालीन कविता; भक्तिकाल (सगुण, निर्गुण, सूफी काव्य); रीतिकाल की कविता; आधुनिक काल की कविता (भारतेंदु युग, द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, प्रयोगवाद, नई कविता, समकालीन कविता)

हिंदी की उप-भाषाएं एवं बोलियां; वर्ण विचार (उच्चारण, वर्तनी); शब्द विचार और शब्द रचना (विलोम शब्द पर्यायवाची, अनेकार्थक, श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द इत्यादि); संधि, समास; विकारी शब्द, अविकारी शब्द; वाक्य रचना: (अर्थ एवं रचना के आधार पर); पद - परिचय; अलंकार शब्दालंकार, अर्थालंकार (अनुप्रास, यमक, श्लेष, उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, मानवीकरण, अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार); शब्द-शक्तियां; मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियां; अपठित गद्यांश, पदयांश; संविधान में हिंदी की स्थिति संबंधी धाराएं, उप धाराएं; हिंदी राजभाषा, संपर्क भाषा, प्रयोजन मूलक हिंदी, कार्यालयी हिंदी, मानक हिंदी; ई मेल लेखन, लघु कथा लेखन, विज्ञापन लेखन इत्यादि लेखन ।

शब्दरूप - राम, मति, नदी, हरि, गुरु, वधू, मधु, पितृ, मातृ, वारि, गो, भगवत्, जगत् आत्मन्, पथिन्, विद्वस्, सर्व, किम्, तत्, एतत्, इदम्, अस्मद्, युष्मद्; धातुरूप - पठ्, पच्, भू, कृ, अस्, अद्, हन्, दिव्, तन्, तुद्, रुध्, क्री, चुर्, सेव्, लभ्, (लट्, लङ्, लृट्, लोट् और विधिलिङ् लकारों में); कारक - परिचय - षड् कारकाणि, सभी विभक्तियाँ; प्रमुख प्रत्यय: - क्त्वा, तुमुन्, ल्यप्, शतृ, शानच् क्त, क्तवतु, अनीयर्, तव्यत्, तव्य, त्व, तल, ठक्, मतुप्, टाप्, ङीप्; अव्यय - उच्चैः, च, श्वः, ह्यः, अध, अत्र, तत्र, यत्र, कुत्र, इदानीम्, अधुना, सम्प्रति, साम्प्रतम्, यदा, तदा, कदा, सहसा, वृथा, शनैः, अपि, कुतः, इतस्ततः, यदि, तर्हि, यावत्-तावत् ।; सन्धि - स्वर - दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि; व्यञ्जन - जशत्व, अनुस्वार, परसवर्ण; विसर्ग - उत्व, रत्व, सत्व, विसर्ग लोप, विसर्ग के स्थान पर स्, ष्, श्; समास - अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, नञ्-तत्पुरुष, बहुव्रीहि, द्वन्द्व ।; उपसर्ग: - द्वाविंशतिः (22); संख्या - शतम् यावत् _(सौ तक)

भाग - क में निर्धारित व्याकरण बिन्दुओं के प्रयोग पर आधारित शुद्ध-अशुद्ध-निर्णय ।; अपठित-अवबोधन; अपठित अनुच्छेदों का अवबोधन - अनुवाद एवं प्रश्नोत्तर; लघु संस्कृत निबन्ध - संस्कृत भाषा, साहित्य और संस्कृति से सम्बन्धित

रघुवंशमहाकाव्यम् - प्रथम सर्ग - 1-25 श्लोक; अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम् - चतुर्थ अंकः; प्रतिमा नाटकम् - तृतीय अंकः; नीतिशतकम् - सम्पूर्ण; भगवद्गीता - द्वितीय-अध्यायः

शुकनासोपदेशः - प्रारम्भ से लक्ष्मीवर्णन के प्रसंग 'स्वल्पसत्त्वमुन्मतीकरोति' (बाणभट्टकृत कादम्बरी के अन्तर्गत); शिवराजविजयः - प्रथम - निःश्वास; कवि परिचय - कालिदास, भास, भवभूति, माघ, शूद्रक, भारवि, श्रीहर्ष, भर्तृहरि; संस्कृत सुभाषित - सूक्तियों का ज्ञान, प्रसिद्ध कथन; छन्द - अनुष्टुप, उपजाति, वंशस्थ, वसन्ततिलका, मालिनी, स्रग्धरा एवं शार्दूलविक्रीडित; अलंकार - अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, यमक, श्लेष एवं अर्थान्तरन्यास; वैदिक साहित्य - चारों वेदो का सामान्य परिचयः, ईशावाश्योपनिषद, तैतेरीय उपनिषद

(1) Introduction; (i) Period and Location.; (ii) Extension: In about 1500 miles; (a) Harappa & Mohenjo-daro; (b) Ropar, Lothal, Rangpur, Alamgirpur, Kali Bangan, Banawali and Dhaula Veera (in India); (2) Study of following Sculptures and Terracottas:; (i) Dancing girl (Mohenjo-daro) Bronze, 10.5 x 5 x 2.5 cm. Circa 2500 B.C. (Collection : National Museum, New Delhi).; (ii) Male Torso (Harappa) Stone, 9.2 x 5.8 x 3 cms. Circa 2500 B. C. (Collection : National Museum, New Delhi).; (iii) Mother Goddess (Mohenjo-daro) terracotta, 22 x 8 x 5 cm.Circa 2500 B.C. (Collection : National Museum, New Delhi).; (3) Study of Following Seal:; (i) Bull (Mohenjo-daro) Stone, 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.4 cm. Circa 2500 B.C. (Collection : National Museum, New Delhi).; (4) Study of following Decoration on earthen wares:; (i) Painted earthen-ware(Jar)Mohenjo-daro) (Collection : National Museum, New Delhi).

(1) General Introduction to Art, during Mauryan, Shunga, Kushana & Gupta Period:; (2) Study of following Sculptures:; (i) Lion Capital from Sarnath (Mauryan period) Polished sand stone, Circa 3rd Century B.C. (Collection: Sarnath Musseum, U.P.); (ii) Chauri Bearer from Didar Ganj (Mauryan period) Polished sand – stone Circa 3rd Century B.C. (Collection: Patna Museum, Bihar); (iii) Bodhisattva head from Taxila (Gandhara Period) Stone, 27.5 x 20 x 15 c.m. Circa 2nd Century A.D. (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi); (iv) Seated Buddha from Katra Tila Mathura – (Kushan Period) (Collection: Mathura Museum); (v) Seated Buddha from Sarnath (Gupta Period) Stone Circa 5th Century AD (Collection: Sarnath Musseum, U.P.); (vi) Jain Tirathankara (Gupta period) Stone Circa 5th Century AD (Collection at State Museum, Lucknow U.P.); (3) Introduction to Ajanta Location, period, No. of caves, Chaitya and Vihara, Paintings and Sculptures subject matters and techniques etc.; (4) Study of following Painting & Sculpture:; (i) Padmapani Bodhisattva (Ajanta Cave No. I) Mural Painting Circa 5th Century A.D.; (ii) Mara Vijay (Ajanta Cave No. 26) Sculpture in stone Circa 5th Century A.D.

(1) Introduction to Temple Sculpture (6th Century A.D. to 13th Century A.D.); (2) Study of following Temple-Sculptures; (i) Descent of Ganga (Pallava period, Mahabalipuram Tamilnadu), Stone Circa7th Century A.D.; (ii) Ravana Shaking Mount Kailash (Rashtrakuta period, Ellora,; (iii) Trimurti (Elephanta, Maharashtra) Stone Circa 9th Century A.D.; (iv) Lakshmi Narayana (Kandariya Mahadev Temple) (Chandela; Period, Khajuraho, M.P.) Circa 10th Century A.D.; (V) Cymbal Player Sun Temple (Ganga Dynesty, Konark, Orissa)Circa 13th Century A.D.; (vi) Mother & Child (Vim la-Shah Temple, Solanki Dynesty, Dilwara, MountAbu, rajastahn ) White marble.Circa 13th Century A.D.; (3) Bronzes; (i) Introduction to Indian Bronzes; (ii) Method of casting (solid and hollow); (4) Study of following south Indian Bronzes:; (i) Nataraj (Thanjavur Distt., Tamilnadu) Chola period (12th Centry a.D.) (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi); (ii) Devi (Uma) Chola Period(12th Centry a.D.) (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi); (5) Artistic Aspects of the Indo-Islamic Architecture (i)Introduction; (6) Study of following architectures:; (i) Qutab Minar, Delhi; (ii) Taj Mahal, Agra; (iii) Gol Gumbaj of Bijapur

Introduction to Indian Miniature Schools: Western-Indian, Pala, Rajasthani,Mughal, Central India, Deccan and Pahari.; (A) The Rajasthan; Schools; (1) Origin and Development; (2) Schools-Mewar, Bundi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh andJaipur; (3) Main features of the Rajasthani & Pahari Schools.; (4) Study of the following Rajasthani Paintings: Title Painter School Maru-Ragini Sahibdin Mewar Raja Ajniruddha Singh Heera Utkal Ram Bundi Chaugan Players Dana Jodhpur Krishna on swing Nuruddin Bikaner Radha (Bani – Thani) Nihal Chand Kishangarh Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakut Guman Jaipur; (B) The Pahari Schools:; (1) Origin and development; (2) Schools-Basohli and Kangra; (3) Main features of the Pahari School; (4) Study of the following pahari Paintings Title Painter School Krishna with Gopies Basohli Raga Megha Kangra

(A) TheMughal School; (1) Origin and development; (2) Main features of the Mughal School; (3) Study of the following Mughal paintings Title Painter School Krishna lifting mount Goverdhan Miskin Akbar Babur crossing the river sone Jaganath Akbar Jahangir holding the picture of Madona Abul Hassan Jahangir Falcon on a bird nest Ustad Mansoor Jahangir Kabir and Raidas Ustad Faquirullah Khan Shahjahan Marriage procession of Dara Shikoh Haji Madni Provincial Mughal(Oudh); (B) TheDeccan School; (1) Origin and development; (2) Main features of the Deccan School; (3) Study of the following Deccan paintings Title Painter School Raga Hindola Ahmednagar Chand Bibi Playing Polo(Chaugan) Gol Konda

(A) (1) A. New Era in Indian Art- an introduction B. Study of the following painting; (i) Rama Vanquishing the pride of the ocean-Raja Ravi Verma; (2) Evolution of the Indian national Flag (First – 1906, Middle – 1921 andFinal 1947 stages): Study of the form and the colour scheme; (B) (1) Introduction to the Bengal School of painting; (i) Origin and development of the Bengal School; (ii) Main Features of the Bengal school; (2) Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for National Freedom Movement; (3) Study of the follwing paintings of the Bengal School; (i) Jouney’s End – Rabindranath Tagore; (ii) Parthasarthi – nandlal Bose; (iii) Radhika – M.a.R. Chughtai; (C) The Modern Trends in Indian Art Introduction; (1) Study of the following Paintings:; (i) Magician-Gaganendranath Tagore; (ii) Mother and child-Jamini Roy; (iii) Woman face-Rabindranath Tagore; (iv) Tree Girls-Amrita Sher gill; (2) Study of the following pieces of Sculpture:; (i) Triumph of labour- D.P. Roychowdhury; (ii) Santhal Family-Ramkinker Vaij; (3) Study of the following work of contemporary Indian Art’ A Paintings; (i) Mother Teresa-M.F. Hussain.; (ii) Birth of Poetry- K.K. Hebbar; (iii) Gossip- N.S. Bendre; (iv) Diagonal- Tyeb Mehta; (4) Graphic Prints; (i) Whirl Pool-Krishna Reddy; (ii) Children-Somnath Hore; (iii) Devi-Jyoti Bhatt; (iv) Of Walls-Anupam Sud; (v) Man, Woman and Tree K. Laxman Goud; (5) Sculptures; (i) Standing Woman-Dhanraj Bhagat; (ii) Cries Un-heard-Amar nath Sehgal; (iii) Ganesha-P.V. Jankiram; (iv) Figure- sankho Chaudhuri; (v) Chatturmukhi – Aekka Yada Giri Rao Note: The names of artists and their art work as listed above are only suggestive and in no way exhaustive.

Meaning and definition of physical educaton its aim and objectives, modern concept and scope of physical education need and importance of physical education , place of physical education in the total education process.

Effect of exercise on : Muscular system, circulatory system , respiratory system , Digestive system

Definition of Psychology and sports psychology , achievement and motivation and motivation in sports, sportsmanship and sports ethics

Meaning and importance of physical fitness and wellness, components of physical fitness and wellness , factors affecting physical fitness and wellness , principles of physical fitness development , mean of fitness development , aerobic activities – jogging , cycling calisthenics and Rhythmic exercises, participation in Games and sports , circuit Training.

Meaning and concept of training arming up limbering down and their importance methods of training strength Development –Isometric, and Isokinetic Exercises, methods of Endurance Development-Continuous method, Interval Training and Fartlek, Methods of speed Development –Acceleration Runs and pace races.

Meaning of sociological and its Importance in physical education and sports. Games and sports as man IS cultural Heritage. Development of leadership qualities and group dynamics.

latest general rules of the game/sport (anyone game/sport of students choice),measurement of play field and specification of sport equipment, Fundamental skills of the game/port, Related sports terminologies , Important tournaments and venues, sports personalities, sports awards.

Concepts and objectives of Health Education, Importance of Health Education, Principles of Health Education, Importance of Community participation for health promotion and welfare of individual, family and community.

Meaning of communicable Diseases, Essential conditions for communicable Diseases to occur and disease process, common alert signals indicating on set of communicable Diseases , Mode of transmission, common symptoms and prevention of spread (transmission) of AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Abuse of alcohol, tobacco and drugs and the effects of abuse on individual, family and community. Effect of alcohol, tobacco and drugs on sportsperson, eating habits that cause obesity and its effect on health of individual

Concept of environment , scope of environment – living environment , work place environment and environment for leisure activities, Essential element of healthful environment - safe water, low level of noise , clean air, sanitary surrounding, low levels of radioactive radiations and absence of hazards responsible for accidents in (i) home and neighborhood n rural and urban areas (ii) school and work place (iii) during leisure time activities recreation and prevention of accidents related to transportation swimming and water sports, Disaster preparedness and health care during disasters.

Meaning and functions of family and its importance as a social institution, needs and problems of adolescents and their management , Human reproduction – menstruation, conceptional and prenated care, problems associated with pre-marital sex and teenage pregnancies , Preparation of marriage, Role of Parents in child care.

Soft Tissue injuries – sprain and strain , Bone Injuries, Joint Injuries.

Zero Reference Level - Chassis Ground - Ohm's Law - Formula Variations of Ohm's Law - Graphical Representation of Ohm's Law - Linear Resistor - Non-linear Resistor - Cells in Series and Parallel - Conventional Problems

Series Circuit - Characteristics of a Series Circuit - The Case of Zero IR Drop - Polarity of IR Drops - Total Power - Series Aiding and Series Opposing Voltages - Proportional Voltage Formula in a Series Circuit Series Voltage Dividers - 'Opens in a Series Circuit - 'Shorts' in e Series Circuit - Parallel Circuits - Laws of Parallel Circuits Special Case of Equal Resistances in all Branches - Special Case of Only Two Branches Any Branch Resistance - Proportional Current Formula - 'Opens' in a Parallel Circuit - 'Shorts' in a Parallel Circuit - Series-Parallel Circuits Analyzing Series Parallel Circuits - 'Opens' in Series-Parallel Circuits 'Shorts' in SeriesParallel Circuits - Voltage Division in a Complex Series-Parallel Circuit - Conventional Problems

General - Kirchhoffs Current Law Kirchhoffs Voltage Law - Determination of Algebraic Sign - Assumed Direction of Current Flow - Conventional Problems.

General - Superposition Theorem - Ideal Constant-Voltage Source - Ideal Constant-current Source - Thevenin's Theorem - How to Thevenize a Circuit? - Norton's Theorem - How to Nortonise a Given Circuit - Maximum Power Transfer Theorem - Conventional Problems

General - Resistors - Resistor Types - Wire-wound Resistors - Carbon Composition Resistors - Carbon Film Resistors - Cermet Film Resistors .Metal Film Resistors - Power Rating - Value Tolerance - Variable Resistors - Potentiometers and Rheostats - Fusible Resistors - Resistor Colour Code - Resistance Colour Bands - Resistors under Ten Ohm - Resistor Troubles - Checking Resistors with an Ohmmeter - Inductor; Comparison of Different Cores - Inductance of an Inductor - Another Definition of Inductance - Mutual Inductance - Coefficient of Coupling - Variable Inductors - Inductors in Series or Parallel without M - Series Combination with N - Stray Inductance - Energy Inductance - Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field - DC Resistance of a Coil - Troubles in Coils - Reactance Offered by a Coil - Impedance Offered by a Coil - Q-Factor of a Coil - Capacitors - Capacitor Connected to a Battery –Capacitance- Factors Controlling Capacitance '- Types of Capacitors - Fixed Capacitors - Variable Capacitors - Voltage Rating of Capacitors - Stray Circuit Capacitance Leakage Resistance - Capacitors in Series - Two Capacitors in Series Capacitor's in Parallel - Two Capacitors in Parallel - Energy stored in e Capacitor - Troubles in Capacitors - Checking Capacitors with Ohmmeter - Charging of a Capacitor - Capacitor Connected Across an AC Source Capacitive Reactance

Primary and Secondary Cells - Cell and Battery - Voltage and Current of a Cells - Cell life - Different Types of Dry Cells - Carbon Zinc Cell Alkaline Cell - Manganese Alkaline Cell – NickelCadmium Cell - Mercury Cell - Silver Oxide Cell - Lead Cells - Battery Rating - Testing Dry Cells - Photoelectric Devices; Photovoltaic Cell - Solar Cell Conventional Problems

Magnetic Materials- Ferrites - Types of Magnets - Demagnetizing or Degaussing -Magnetic Shielding; Magnetic Terms and Units - Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuit - Transformer - Transformer Working - Transformer Impedance; Can a Transformer Operate on DC ? - RF Shielding - Autotransformer - Impedance Matching - Conventional Problems.

Introduction - Types of Alternating Waveforms - The Basic AC Generator -Some Definitions - Characteristics of a Sine Wave - Audio an ,Radio Frequencies - Different Values of Sinusoidal Voltage and Current - Phase of an AC - Phase Difference - Vector Representation of an Alternating Quantity - AC Through Pure Resistance Only - AC Through Pure Inductance Only - AC Through Pure Capacitance Only - Non-sinusoidal Waveforms - Harmonics -Conventional Problems

R-L Circuit - Q Factor of a Coil - Skin Effect - IR- C Circuit - Coupling Capacitor - R-L-C Circuit - Resonance in an R-L- C Circuit - Resonance Curve - Main Characteristics of Series Resonance - Bandwidth of a Tuned Circuit - Sharpness of Resonance - Tuning - Tuning Ratio - RaGio Tuning Dial- Parallel Resonance -Convectional Problem

Rise and Fall of Current In pure Resistance - Time :Constant at an R-L Circuit - Circuit Conditions - Inductive Kick - Time Constant of an RC circuit - Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor Decreasing Time Constant - Flasher -: Puke Response of an RC Circuit - Effect of Large and Short Time Constants; Square voltage Wave Applied to Short A. RC Circuit - Square Voltage Wave Applied to Long A,'E.0 circuit - Conventional Problems

What-is. a Tuning Circuit ? - Tuned Circuit - Operating Characteristics of a Tuning Circuit - Resonance; Actual Series Resonance - Is it Series or Parallel Resonance ? - Tuned Transformers - Double Tuned Transformers - Parallel Circuit - Coupled Circuits – Simple Coupled Circuits - Coefficient of Coupling; Filters Filter Definitions - Types of Filter Circuits - Low-pass Filter – High pass Filter - Bandpass Filter – Band stop Filter - Multisection Filter Circuits - Uses of Fitters - Conventional Problems

Definition of Matter - Crystalline Solids - Unit Cell - arms of Matter - Atom and Molecule - Atomic Structure - Atomic Number (Z) Atomic mass Number (A) - Electron Orbits or shells - Electron Distribution of Different Atoms Electron Sub orbits or Subshells - Valence Electrons Orbital Energy. - Normal, Excited and IonizedAtom. - Orbital Energies in hyrogen Atom - Energy Levels in an Isolated At W- Energy Bands in Solids - Bonds in Solids - Valence and Conduction Bands - Conduction in Solids - Hole Formation and its Movement Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators - Types of Semiconductors - Intrinsic Semiconductors Extrinsic Semiconductors - Majority and Minority Charge Carriers - Mobile Charge Carriers and Immobile Torts - Drift Current in Good Conductors Drift Current in Intrinsic Semiconductors - Intrinsic Conduction -Conventional Problems

The P-N Junction - Formation of Depletion Layer Junction or Barrier Voltage (V B) - Effect of Temperature on Barrier Voltage - Forward Biased P-N Junction - Forward VII Characteristics - Reverse Biased P-N Junction - ReMerse Saturation Current (Is or 10) - Reverse V/ I Characteristic Combined Forward and Reverse VII Characteristics - Junction Breakdown - Junction Capacitance

P-N Junction Diode - Diode Ratings or Specifications - Diode Testing The Ideal Diode -The Real Diode; Diode Circuits with DC and A Voltage Sources - Diode Fabrication- Grown Junction - Alloy Junction Diffused Junction Epitaxial Junction - Point ContactJunction - Clippers and Campers - Clippers - Some Clipping Circuits - Clampers Summary of Clamping Circuits - Conventional Problems Questions.

Zener Diode - Voltage Regulation Zener Diode as Peak Clipper - Meter Protection – Tunneling Effect - Tunnel Diode; Tunnel Diode Oscillator Varactor - PIN Diode - Schottky Diode - Step Recovery Diode Thermistors -Conventional Problems

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Photoemissive Devices - Photomultiplier Tube - Photovoltaic Devices - Bulk Type Photoconductive Cells - Photodiodes -P-N Junction Photodiode - PIN Photodiode - Avalanche Photodiode

Introduction - Unregulated Power Supply - Regulated Power Supply Steady and Pulsating DC Voltages - Rectifiers Half-wave Rectifier Full-wave Rectifier - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier - Filters - Series Inductor Filter - Shunt Capacitor Filter - Effect of Increasing Filter Capacitance - LC Filter - The CLC or Pi Filter - Bleeder Resistor - Voltage Regulation Zener Diode Shunt Regulator - Transistor, Series Voltage Regulator - Controlled Transistor Series Regulator - Transistor Shunt Voltage Regulator Transistor Current Regulator - Voltage Dividers - Complete Power Supply - Voltage Multipliers - Half-wave Voltage Doubler - Full-wave Voltage Doubler - Voltage Tripler and Quadrupler Circuits - Troubleshooting Power Supplies - Controlled Rectification - Output Waveforms for Different Firing Angles - Output Voltage and Current Values in Controlled Rectifiers Average Values for FW Controlled Rectifier - Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) - Pulse Control of SCR; 90° Phas- Control of SCR - 1800 Phase Contr,gi of SCR - SCR Controlled Circuit - U3T Controlled Circuit Conventional Problems

The Bipolar Junction Transistor - Transistor Biasing -Important Biasing Rule - Transistor Currents - Summing Up - Transistor Circuit Configurations - CB Configuration - CE Configuration -Relations between a and 13 - CC Configuration - Relations between Transistor Currents - Leakage Currents in a Transistor - Thermal Runaway - Conventional Problems

Transistor Static Characteristics - Common Base Test Circuit - Common Base Static - Characteristics - Common Emitter Test Circuit - Common Emitter Static Characteristics - Common Collector Static Characteristics - Different Ways of Drawing 'Transistor Circuits - Common Base Formulas Common Emitter Formulas - Common Collector Formulas - The Beta Rule - Importance of Vce- Cut‑off and Saturation Points - Normal DC Voltage Transistor Indications - Transistor Fault Location - Solving Universal Stabilization Circuit; Notation for Voltages and Currents - Increase / Decrease Notation - Applying AC to a DC Biased Transistor; Transistor AC/DC Analysis -Conventional problems

DC Load Line - Q-point and Maximum Undistorted Output - Need for Biasing a Transistor - Factors Affecting Bias Variations - Stability; Factor - Beta Sensitivity - Stability Factor for CB and OF Circuits - Different Methods for Transistor BiaSing - Base Bias - Base Bias with Emitter Feedback - Bate Bias with Collector Feedback - Base Bias with Collector and Emitter Feedbacks - Voltage Divider Bias - Load Line and Output Characteristics - AC Lmid Line - Conventional Problems'

General DC Equivalent Circuit - AC Equivalent Circuit -equivalent Circuit of a CB Amplifier -Effect of Source Resistance RS on Voltage Gain - Equivalent circuit of a CE Amplifier – Effect of Source Resistance RS - Equivalent Circuit of a CC Amplifier -Low-frequency Model or Representation - Genera; - T-Model - Formulas for T- Equivalent of a CB Circuit - Equivalent of a CB Circuit - T- Equivalent of a CE Circuit What are h-parameters ? - The h-parameter Formulas for Notation for Transistors - The h-parameters of an Ideal Transistor -, The h-parameters of an Ideal CB Transistor; The h-parameters of an Idal CE, Transistor - Approximate Hybrid Equivalent Circuits Typical Values of Transistor h-parameters - Hybrid Formulas for Transistor Amplifier - Approximate Hybrid Formulas -Conventional Problems

Classification of Amplifiers – Common Base (CB) Amplifier – Various Glans of a CB Amplifier- Characteristics of a CB Amplifier – Characteristics of a CE Amplifier – Common Collector (CC) Amplifier – Various Gains of a CC Amplifier – Characteristics of a CC Amplifier – Uses – Comparison of Amplifier Configurations –Amplifier Classification Based on Biasing Condition – Graphic Representation Class A Amplifiers – Power Distribution in a class A Amplifier – Power Rectangle – Power Efficiency Maximum AC Power in Load – Transformer-coupled, Class A Amplifier Class B Amplifier- Power Relations for Class B Operation – Maximum Values- Class –B Push –Pull Amplifier- Crossover Distortion – Power Efficiency of Push-Pull Amplifiers – Complementary Symmetry Push- Pull Class-B Amplifier – Class C Amplifier- Tuned Amplifier – Distortion in Amplifier – Non- linear Distortion- Intermodulation Distortion- Frequency Distortion – Phase or Delay Distortion – Noise

General ‘--- Amplifier Coupling- RC-Coupled Two stage Amplifier – Advantages of RC Coupling } Impedance- Coupled Two –stage Amplifier- Advantages of Impedance Coupling – Transformer – coupled Two Stage Amplifier – Advantages of Transformer Cupling – Frequency Response – Applications – Direct- coupled Two- stage Amplifier Using Similar Transistors – Direct-coupled Amplifier Using Complementary Symmetry of Two Transistors – Darlington Pair –Advantages of Darlington Pair – Comparison between Darlington Pair and Emitter Follower – Special Features of a Differential Amplifier – Common Model Input – Differential Amplifier – Conventional problems

The Decibel System - Other Expressions for Power Gain - Voltage and Current Levels - Characteristics of the Decibel System - Value of I dB Zero Decibel Reference Level - Variations In Amplifier Gain with Frequency - Changes in Voltage and Power Levels - Causes of Gain Variation.: Miller Effect - Cut‑off Frequencies of Cascaded Amplifiers - Transistor Cut‑off Frequencies - Alpha Cut‑off Frequency - Beta Cut‑off :Frequency - The ft of a Transistor - Relation Between fa,fband ft Gain-Bandwidth Product - Conventional Problems

Feedback Amplifiers – Principal of Feedback Amplifiers – Advantages of Negative Feedback – Gain Stability – Decreased Distortion- Increased Bandwidth – Forms of Negative Feedback – Shunt- derived Series-fed Voltage Feedback – Current –Series Feedback Amplifier – Voltage-shunt Negative Feedback Amplifier – Current –shunt Negative Feedback Amplifier –Conventional Problems.

What is a FET? Junction FET (JEFT) – Static Characteristics of a JFET – JFET Drain Characteristic with V GS = 0 –JFET Characteristic with External Bias – Transfer Characteristic – Small Signal JFET Parameters DC Biasing of a JFET –DC Load Line – Common Source JFET Amplifier - JEFF on an IC Chip - Advantages of FETs - MOSFET or IGFET DE MOSFET - Schematic Symbols for a DE MOSFET - Static Characteristics of a DE MOSFET - Enhancement only N-channel MOSFET Tr?risfer Characteristic - FETs as Switches - FET Applications - MOS-FET Handling

What are Breakdown Devices ? Uni junction Transistor - UJT Relaxation Oscillator - Silicon Controlled Rectifier - C10° Phase Control - Theft Alarm - Triac -Diac - Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS)

What is an Oscillator? - Comparison between an Amplifier and an Oscillator - Classification of Oscillators - Damped an Undamped Oscillations - The Oscillatory Circuit - Frequency of Oscillatory Current - Frequency Stability of an Oscillator - Essentials of a Feedback LC Oscillator - Tuned Base Oscillator - Tuned Collector Oscillator - Tuned Drain Oscillator (FET) - Hartley Oscillator - FET Hartley Oscillator - Colpitts Oscillator - Clapp Oscillator – FETColpitts Oscillator - Crystals - Crystal Controlled Oscillator - Transistor Pierce Crystal Oscillator - FET Pierce Oscillator - Phase Shift Principle - Phase Shift Oscillator - Wien Bridge Oscillator

Non sinusoidal Waveforms 't-Classification of Non sinusoidal Oscillators Pulse Definitions - Basic Requirements of a Sawtoo0 Generator -U3T Sawtooth Generator – Muiti vibrators (MV) – Uses of Multi vibrators - Astable Multi vibrator – Mono stable Multi vibrator (MMV) –Bi stable Multi vibrator (BMV) - Schmitt Trigger -Transistor Blocking Oscillator

Introduction - What is a Carrier Wave? - Radio Frequency Spectrum Sound - Need for Modulation; Radio Broadcasting - Modulation Methods of Modulation - Amplitude Modulation - Per cent Modulation Upper and Lower Side Frequencies - Upper and Lower Sidebands - Mathematical Analysis of a Modulated Carrier Wave - Power Relations in an AM Wave - Forms of Amplitude Modulation - Generation of SSB - Methods of Amplitude Modulation - Block Diagram of an AM Transmitter - Modulating Amplifier Circuit - Frequency Modulation - Frequency Deviation and Carrier Swing - Modulation Index'-Deviation Ratio - Per cent Modulation - FM Sidebands ;- Modulation index and Number of Sidebands - Mathematical Expression for FM Wave - Demodulation or Detection - Essentials of AM Detection - Diode Detector for AM Signals - Transistor Detectors for AM Signals - FM Detection - Quadrature Detector; Frequency Conversion - Super heterodyne AM Receiver - FM Receiver - Comparison between AM and FM - The Four Fields of FM - Conventional Problems

Introduction - What is an Integrated Circuit? - Advantages of ICs - Drawbacks of ICs - Scale of Integration; Classification of ICs by Structure Comparison between Different ICs -Classification of ICs by Function Linear Integrated Circuits (UCs) - Digital Integrated Circuits - IC Terminology - How Monolithic ICs are Made? - le Symbols - Fabrication of IC Components; Complete Monolithic Integrated Circuits - Popular Applications of ICs MOS Integrated Circuits - What is an OP-AMP? OP-AMP Symbol - Polarity Conventions - Ideal Operational Amplifier - Virtual Ground and Summing Point - Why Vi is Reduced to almost Zero? - OP-AMP Applications - Linear Amplifier - Unity Follower; Adder or Summer - Subtractor - Integrator - Differentiator - Comparator

Number of Systems -The Decimal Number System - Binary System Binary to Decimal Conversion - Binary Fractions - Double-D add Method - Decimal to Binary Conversion - Shifting the Place Point - Binary Operations - Binary Addition - Binary Subtraction - Complement of a Number - 1 is Complemental Subtraction - 2's Complemental Subtraction - Binary Multiplication - 8i4ry Division; Shifting a Number to Left or Right - Representation of Binary Numbers as Electrical Signals - Octal Number System - Octal to Decimal Conversion – Decimal to Octal Conversion – Binary to Octal Conversion – Octal to Binary Conversion – Advantages of Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System – How to Count beyond F in Hex Number System? --- Binary to Hexadecimal conversion – Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion – Conventional Problems.

Definition - Positive and Negative Logic - The OR Gate - Equivalent Relay Circuit of an OR Gate - Diode OR Gate - Transistor OR Gate OR Gate Symbolizes Logic Addition - Three Input OR Gate - Exclusive OR Gate - The AND Gate - Equivalent Relay Circuit of an AND Gate. Diode AND Gate — Transistor AND Circuit - AND Gate SymbolizesLogic Multiplication - The NOT Gate - Equivalent Circuits for a NOT Gate The NOT Operation ' Bubbled Gates The NOR Gate; NOR Gate is a Universal Gate - The NAND Gate - NAND sate is a Universal Gate The XNOR Gate - Logic Gates at a Glance - Adders and Subtractors Half Adder - Full Adder - Parallel Binary Adder - Half Subtractor - Full Subtractor - Conventional Problems

Introduction - Unique Feature of Boolean Algebra - Lay of Boolean Algebra - Equivalent Switching Circuits - De Morgans Theorems - Duals - Conventional Problems

Main Logic Families Saturated and Non-saturated Logic Circuits - Characteristics of Logic Families; RTL Circuit - DTL Circuit -- '- TTL Circuits -TTL Subfamilies -ECL Circuit —I2L_ Circuit - MOS Family - PMOS Circuit - NMOS, Circuit - CMOS Circuit

What is a Transducer? - Classification of Transducers - Classification based on Electrical Principle Involved - Resistive Position Transducer - Resistive Pressure Transducer –-;-Inductive pressure Transducer - - Capacitive Pressure Transducer - Self-generating Inductive Transducers - Linear Variable Differential Transformer (.VDT) - Piezoelectric Transducer - Strain Gauge Temperature Transducers - Resistance Temperature Detectors - Thermistor - Thermocouples - Ultrasonic Temperature Transducers - photoelectric Transducers - Various Types of Microphones - Carbon Microphone Ribbon Microphone - Moving-Coil (Me) Microphone - Crystal Microphone - Ceramic Microphone - Capacitor Microphone - The Electret Microphone The Loudspeaker

Introduction - Analog and Digital Instruments - Function of Instruments - Electronic versus Electrical Instruments - Essentials of an Electronic Instrument - Measurement Standards - The Basic Meter Movement - Characteristics of Moving Coil Meter Movement - Variations of Basic Meter Movement - Converting Basic Meter to DC Ammeter – Multi range Meter - Measurement of Current - Converting Basic Meter to DC Voltmeter Multi range DC Voltmeter - Loading Effect of a Voltmeter - Ohmmeter The Multimeter - Rectifier Ty e AC Meter Electronic Voltmeters - The Direct Current VTVM - Comparison of VOM and VTVM - Direct Current PET VM - Electronic Voltmeter for Alternating Currents - The Digital Voltmeter (DVM) -Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) - Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - Deflection Sensitivity f a CRT - Normal Operation of a CRO Triggered and Non-triggered Scopes - Dual Trace CRO - Dual Beam CRO - Storage Oscilloscope - Sampling CRO - Digital Readout CRO - Lissajous Figures - Frequency Determination with Lissajous Figures - Applications of a CRO

Social & Historical foundations of Library.; Different types of libraries- Academic, Public, Special –their distinguishing features and functions.; Role of U.G.C. for development of Academic libraries.; Role in Library of formal and informal education. Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Five Laws of Library Science.; Implications of five laws in Lib. & Inf. Science; Development of Libraries with special reference to India, Baroda Public Library system; Library Co-operation Resource Sharing and Library Networking.

Library legislation need and essential features.; Library legislation in India.; Maharashtra Public Library Act.; Press and registration act & Delivery of Books act (Public Library).; Copyright act, Intellectual Property rights.

Attribution of profession.; Librarianship as a profession.; Professional ethics.; Professional associations & their role.; National & International Library Associations- FID, IFLA, LA, ILA, ALA, IASLIC etc.; Professional education & research.

National level promoters- RRRLF.; International level promoters- UNESCO

Definition; facets and programs.; publicity & extension, Out reach activities.; Library path finders (Guides); Factors affecting Library development, Literacy, publishing, Book Trade.

Structure and attributes.; Modes of formation of subjects.; Different types of subjects.; Universe of subjects as mapped in different schemes of classification.

Catalogue purpose, Structure and types physical forms including OPAC filling rules.; Normative Principles of cataloguing.; Overview of principles and practice in document description.; Current trends in Standardization, description and exchange.; Standard codes of cataloguing.

General theory of Library Classification.; Normative principles of classification and their application.; Species of Library Classification.; Standard Schemes of Classifications and their features, CC, DDC, UDC.; Notation: Need, Functions, Characteristics; Design and development of schemes of Library Classification, Standard sub-division Index.; Trends in Library Classification.

Principles of Subject Classification.; Subject heading lists and their feature.

Definition, Need, Scope and Objectives.

Introduction to Computers; Overview of Historical Development of Computers.; Generations of Computers, Classification of Computers.; Essential Components of Computer system.

Input and Output devices- Keyboard, Scanner, OCR, Printers, Monitor

Operating systems: Single & Multi User Systems, Basic features of MS-DOS, MS Windows, Linux, UNIX, Windows NT etc.; Programming Languages: Concepts and Tools; Algorithm & Flowcharting.

Familiarity with DBASE, FOXPRO, CDS/ISIS, SOUL, MS Access (Basic features)

Communication Technology Basic Concepts; Networking: Basic Concepts.; Internet

Concepts, definition and scope.; Management styles and approaches.; Management schools of thought.; Functions and principles of Scientific Management.

Organizational structure.; Delegation, Communication and Participation.; Job Description and Analysis, Job evaluation.; Inter-personal relation.; Recruitment procedures.; Motivation, group Dynamics.; Training and Development.; Disciplines and Grievances.; Performance Appraisal.

Resources Mobilization; Budgeting Techniques and Methods PPBS, Zero Based Budgeting etc.; Budgetary Control.; Cost effectiveness and Cost Benefit analysis.; Outsourcing.

Types of reports, Annual report-compilation, Contents and style.; Library Statistics etc.

Library as a system; Project Management PERT/COM; Decision Tables.; Performance evaluation standards, MIS.; Performance Measurement, reengineering, Time and Motion Study; SWOT ( Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat); DFD (Data Flow Diagram)

Definition, Concept, Element; Quality Audit, LIS related standards.; Technology Management.

Different sections of Library & Information Center and their functions.; Collection Development and Management Policies Procedures.; Book Ordering (Acquisition); Technical Processing.; Serials Control, Circulation Control, Maintenance etc.; Stock Verification- Policies and Procedures.; Evaluation and Weeding.; Archiving-conservation-Preservation.; Restoration including Print, Non-Print and Electronic Materials.

Concept, Definition, Need and Purpose, Types.; Policies and Procedures, MBO; Building and Space management in Libraries and Information Centers.; Library Building, Interior & Exterior, Furniture, Equipment’s, Standards & Types.; Risk Management, Contingency Management.; Planning of related Infrastructure, Library Standards.

concept of change.; changes in Procedures, Methods, Tools and Techniques.; Problems of Incorporating Change.; Techniques of Managing Change.

Documentary Sources of Information, Print, Non-Print including Electronic: Special features, Scope, types; Nature, Characteristic, Utility and evaluation of different types of Information sources: Physical formats, Authority, Content, Utility.; Non-Documentary Information Sources.; Reference Sources Categories, Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Information Sources.(Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Periodical, Thesis, Books, Year book, Patents, Trade literature, standards, Monographs, Reference Books, Year Books, Almanac, Atlas, Abstracting & Indexing periodicals, Bibliographies, Handbooks etc.); Internet as a Source of Information.

Concept, Definition, Need, Scope and trends.; Reference Interview and Search Techniques.

Information services and Products.; Information services concepts, Definition, Need and trends.; Need, Techniques and Evaluation of Alerting services (CAS &SDI); Bibliographic, Referral, Document Delivery and Translation Services.

Study of National, International and Commercial Information Systems and Services- Background, their Services and Products.

Proforma method.; Interview method.; Records analysis method.

Categories of Information users.; Information needs definition and models.; Information seeking behaviour.

Goals and Objectives level, Techniques and Methods, Evaluation of Users Education Programmes.

Methods and techniques of User studies.; Evaluation of User studies.

Conventional and modern Techniques: Study tour, Newsletters, Handbooks, Leaflets, Power point Presentation, Websites etc

1. Classification of Documents (Using CC & DDC) (Latest Ed.) - Classification of documents representing simple subject.; Classification of documents having common isolatres.; Classification of documents representing compound subject.; Classification of documents representing complex subject.; 2. Assignment of Book Number; (Using at least one standard Book Numbering System); 3. Cataloguing of Documents. (Using CCC & AACR (Latest Ed.); Cataloguing of Simple documents; Cataloguing of complex documents; 4. Subject Cataloguing; Assigning subject Heading Using at least one standard subject Heading.

1. Use of Operating Systems; 2. Word Processors, Spread Sheets,; 3. Database Creation using at least one DBMS software.; 4. Database Search and Retrieval.

1. Study and evaluatgion of Reference sources.; 2. Compilatin of Current Awareness List/Biography/Content List/ Press Clippings.

1. Survey of Libraries and Information centres.; 2. Survey of a group of user

1. Approaches to Human Development; 2. Theoretical Approaches to Development; 3. The Early Years (Birth to Eight Years); 4. Early Adolescence (From nine years to eighteen years); 5. Transitions into Adulthood

1. Human Learning and Intelligence; 2. Learning Process and Motivation; 3. Teaching Learning Process; 4. Overview of Assessment and School System; 5. Strategies and practices

1. Nature and Significance of Science; 2. Planning for Instruction; 3. Approaches and Methods of Teaching Sciences; 4. Learning Resources with reference to Children with Disabilities for Teaching Science

1. Nature of Mathematics; 2. Objectives and Instructional Planning in Mathematics; 3. Strategies for Learning and Teaching Mathematics; 4. Teaching-Learning Resources in Mathematics for Students with Disabilities; 5. Assessment and Evaluation for Mathematics Learning

1. Nature of Social Sciences: - Concept, scope and nature of social science; 2. Curriculum and Instructional Planning; 3. Approaches to teaching of Social Science; 4. Social Science Teacher as a Reflective Practitioner; 5. Teaching-Learning Resources in Social Sciences for Students with Disabilities

1. Nature of English Language & Literature: Principles of Language Teaching; 2. English language in the school context: An Evolutionary Perspective, Current; 3. Trends in Modern English Literature in India context; 4. Instructional Planning; 5. Approaches and Methods of Teaching English; 6. Instructional Materials

Important Note: Select any one disability specialization area as per the RCI Registration: Autism Spectrum Disorder/ Hearing impairment/ Intellectual Disability/ Multiple Disability/ Specific Learning Disability/ Visual Impairment. As per selected disability specialization, questions shall be changed. Based on selected disability specialization area, questions will be based on followings:

Concept, definition, causes, types and associated conditions.; Characteristics, learning needs; Screening, screening tools and procedure for identification; Assessment of disability, areas of assessment, assessment tools, interpretation of assessment data for planning; Differentiated diagnosis and certification of disability

Concept, principles and approaches to curricular development, types, curricular transactions.; Curricular adaptation, designing based on individual needs, adaptations to meet needs in different settings, role of technology in curriculum development, curriculum development and teaching, development of suitable teaching learning resources.; Development of literacy academic skills (Reading, writing, computation), development of communication, language, social, recreational, self-care, independent living and life skills.

Learning characteristics, teaching strategies, strategies for early intervention and its impact on school outcomes.; Disability specific intervention and training strategies, types, approaches, techniques, use of technology peer mediated and cooperative learning.; Inclusive teaching strategies, UDL, DI, Classroom management, home-based training, assistive technology.

Psycho-social aspects and disability, role of family and school in psycho-social development.; Family needs and issues related to families of children with disabilities, empowering parents and families, social attitude- neighborhood, parents of other children, friendship, support, advocacy and legal rights.; Family and community intervention, addressing mental health concerns, counselling and guidance.