NVS TGT

हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास; हिंदी साहित्य उद्भव और विकास; गद्य साहित्य की विधाएं; कहानी, उपन्यास, नाटक/एकांकी, निबंध, रेखाचित्र, संस्मरण, जीवनी, आत्मकथा, यात्रा वृत्तांत, रिपोर्ताज, कथेतर गद्य

आदिकालीन कविता; भक्तिकाल (सगुण, निर्गुण, सूफी काव्य); रीतिकाल की कविता; आधुनिक काल की कविता (भारतेंदु युग, द्विवेदी युग, छायावाद, प्रगतिवाद, प्रयोगवाद, नई कविता, समकालीन कविता)

हिंदी की उप- भाषाएं एवं बोलियां; वर्ण विचार (उच्चारण, वर्तनी); शब्द विचार और शब्द रचना (विलोम शब्द पर्यायवाची, अनेकार्थक, श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द इत्यादि); संधि, समास; विकारी शब्द, अविकारी शब्द; वाक्य रचना: (अर्थ एवं रचना के आधार पर); पद - परिचय; अलंकार शब्दालंकार, अर्थालंकार (अनुप्रास, यमक, श्लेष, उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, मानवीकरण, अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार); शब्द-शक्तियां; मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियां; अपठित गद्यांश, पदयांश; संविधान में हिंदी की स्थिति संबंधी धाराएं, उप धाराएं; हिंदी राजभाषा, संपर्क भाषा, प्रयोजन मूलक हिंदी, कार्यालयी हिंदी, मानक हिंदी; ई मेल लेखन, लघु कथा लेखन, विज्ञापन लेखन इत्यादि लेखन

Three or four unseen passages from different genres (prose, poetry, drama, articles, editorials, scientific, and literary extracts). Questions will test comprehension, inference, vocabulary, tone, rhetorical devices, and logical sequencing.

Formal and Informal Letters: Business letters, job applications, letters to editors, complaints, and personal letters. Report Writing: Factual description of events, newspaper reports, and analytical reports. Notices, Circulars, and Press Releases.

Essay Writing: Argumentative, analytical, reflective, and descriptive essays. Article/Debate/Speech: Expressing opinions on socio-political, economic, and educational issues.

Parts of Speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Adjectives, Prepositions, Conjunctions. Sentence Structure: Types of sentences, subject-verb agreement, parallelism, and sentence connectors. Tenses and Their Usage: Active-passive voice, sequence of tenses, and reported speech. Clauses: Noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. Common Errors: Articles, prepositions, modifiers, redundancy, and word order. Editing and Proofreading: Error detection, sentence correction, and transformation.

Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama: William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson. Poetry: John Donne, Alexander Pope, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats. Victorian and Modern Writers: Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot, George Orwell.

R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Anita Desai, Vikram Seth, Arundhati Roy, Amitav Ghosh.

Gabriel García Márquez, Chinua Achebe, Pablo Neruda, Khaled Hosseini.

Why Deforestation?; The Rise of Commercial Forestry; Rebellion in the Forest; Forest Transformations in Java

Pastoral Nomads and their Movements; Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life; Pastoralism in Africa

the Cities of Harappa, Mohenjo Daro and Lothal as well as the art, town; planning and agriculture of the civilizations.

Cheras, Cholas nad Pandyas -Dynastics that ruled over South India during the Sangam Age. Vijay Nagar: Founder, Dynastics, Capital and Administraion.

Nawabs losing Power; The Peasants and the Sepoys Responses to reforms; Mutiny become as popular rebellion.

Motions of the Earth: Rotation, Revolution, Occurance of Day and night; Change; of seasons; Latitudes and Longitudes; Finding time.; Earth's Interior: Origin of Continents and Ocean basins Wegener's Continental drift; Theory, Theory of plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Folding and Faulting.

Location; Size; India and the World; India’s Neighbours

Major Physiographic Divisions–Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains,; Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, Islands

Concept; Drainage Systems in India; The Himalayan Rivers-Ganga and Brahmaputra River System; The Peninsular Rivers- Narmada Basin,Tapti Basin, Godavari Basin,; Mahanadi Basin, Krishna Basin, Kaveri Basin; Lakes; Role of Rivers in the Economy; River Pollution

Concept; Climatic Controls; Factors influencing India’s; climate; –Latitude,; Altitude,; Pressure; and Winds (excluding Jet Streams; and Western Cyclonic Disturbances and related figures); The; Seasons; –; Cold; Weather Season,Hot Weather; Season, Advancing Monsoon, Retreating/Post Monsoons; Distribution of Rainfall; Monsoon a saunifying bond

Types of Vegetation–Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests,; Thorn Forests and Shrubs, Montane Forests, Mangrove Forests; Wild Life

Population Size and Distribution–India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers,; India’s Population Distribution by Density; Population Growth and Processes of Population Change–Population Growth,; Processes of Population Change/Growth

What is Democracy?; Features of Democracy; Why Democracy?; Broader Meanings of Democracy

Democratic Constitution in South Africa; Why do we need a Constitution?; Making of the Indian Constitution; Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution

Why Elections?; What is our System of Elections?; What makes elections in India democratic?

How is the major policy decision taken?; Parliament; Political Executive; The Judiciary

Life without Rights; Rights in a Democracy; Rights in the Indian Constitution; Expanding scope of rights

Overview; Economic Activities by Men and Women; Quality of Population; Unemployment

Overview; Two typical cases of Poverty; Poverty as seen by Social Scientists; Poverty Estimates; Vulnerable Groups; Interstate Disparities; Global Poverty Scenario; Causes of Poverty; Anti-Poverty measures; The Challenges Ahead

Overview; What is Food Security?; Why Food Security?; Who are food insecure?; Food Security in India; What is Buffer Stock?; What is the Public Distribution System?; Current Status of Public Distribution System; Role of Cooperatives in food security

The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation; The Making of Nationalism in Europe; The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848; The Making of Germany and Italy; Visualizing the Nation; Nationalism and Imperialism

The First World War, Khilafat and Non -; Cooperation; Differing Strands within the Movement; Towards Civil Disobedience; The Sense of Collective Belonging

The Pre-modern world; The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914); The Inter war Economy; Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era

Before the Industrial Revolution; Hand Labour and Steam Power; Industrialization in the Colonies; Factories Come Up; The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth; Market for Goods

The First Printed Books; Print Comes to Europe; The Print Revolution and its Impact; The Reading Mania; The Nineteenth Century; India and the World of Print; Religious Reform and Public Debates; New Forms of Publication; Print and Censorship

Concept; Development of Resources; Resource Planning – Resource Planning in India, Conservation of Resources; Land Resources; Land Utilization; Land Use Pattern in India; Land Degradation and Conservation Measures; Soil as a Resource - Classification of Soils, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

Conservation of forest and wildlife in India; Types and distribution of forests and wildlife resources; Community and Conservation

Water Scarcity and The Need for Water Conservation and Management; Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management; Rainwater Harvesting

Types of Farming – Primitive Subsistence, Intensive Subsistence,; Commercial; Cropping Pattern – Major Crops, Food Crops other than Grains, Non; Food Crops, Technological and Institutional Reforms; Food Security (excluding impact of globalization on agriculture)

What is a mineral?; Mode of occurrence of Minerals – Where are these minerals found?,; Ferrous Minerals, Non-Ferrous Minerals, Non-Metallic Minerals, Rock; Minerals; Conservation of Minerals; Energy Resources – Conventional Sources of Energy, Non-Conventional; Sources of Energy; Conservation of Energy Resources

Importance of Manufacturing – Industrial Location (excluding Industry; Market Linkage), Agro based Industry (excluding Cotton Textiles, Jute; Textiles, Sugar Industry), Mineral based Industries (excluding Iron Steel; Industry, Cement Industry), Industrial Pollution and Environmental; Degradation, Control of Environmental Degradation

Roadways; Railways; Pipelines; Waterways; Major Seaports; Airways; Communication; International Trade; Tourism as a Trade

Belgium and Sri Lanka; Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka; Accommodation in Belgium; Why power sharing is desirable?; Forms of Power Sharing

What is Federalism?; What make India a Federal Country?; How is Federalism practiced?; Decentralization in India

Gender and Politics - Public/Private division, Women’s political representation; Religion, Communalism and Politics –Communalism, Secular State; Caste and Politics - Caste inequalities, Caste in politics, Politics in caste

Why do we need Political Parties? –; Meaning, Functions, Necessity; How many parties should we have?; National Parties; State Parties; Challenges to Political Parties; How can Parties be reformed?

How do we assess democracy’s outcomes?; Accountable, responsive and legitimate government; Economic growth and development; Reduction of inequality and poverty; Accommodation of social diversity; Dignity and freedom of the citizens

What Development Promises – Different People, Different Goals; Income and Other Goals; National Development; How to compare different countries or states?; Income and other criteria; Public Facilities; Sustainability of Development

Sectors of Economic Activities; Comparing the three sectors; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India; Division of sectors as organized and unorganized; Sectors in terms of ownership: Public and Private Sectors

Money as a medium of exchange; Modern forms of Money; Loan activities of Banks; Two different Credit situations; Terms of Credit; Formal Sector Credit in India; Self Help Groups for the Poor

Production across countries; Inter linking production across countries; Foreign Trade and integration of markets; What is Globalization?; Factors that have enabled Globalization; World Trade Organization; Impact of Globalization in India; The Struggle for a fair Globalization

Consumer in market place; Consumer movement; Consumer Rights

Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers on the number line. Rational numbers as recurring/ terminating decimals. Operations on real numbers. Examples of non-recurring/non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational numbers) such as √2, √3, and their representation on the number line. Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique point on the number line and conversely, viz. every point on the number line represents a unique real number. Definition of nth root of a real number. Rationalization, real numbers of the type and their combinations where x and y are natural number and a and b are integers. Laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of Number theory, squences and patterns, Triangular Number, Hexagonal Number, square Numbers, Cube Numbers, patterns, Shape sequences, super cells, palindromic patterns. Kaprekar Constant.clock and Calender Number,collatz conjecture Bhramagupta's method of Computation.

Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples. Coefficients of a polynomial, terms of a polynomial and zero polynomial. Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials. Monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples. Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Remainder Theorem with examples, Factor Theorem. Factorization of ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem. The algebraic expressions and identities. Verification of identities: And their use in factorization of polynomials.

R,R2,R3 as vector spaces over R and concept of Rn.Standard basis for each of them. Linear Independence and examples of different bases.Subspaces of R2, R3. Translation, Dilation, Rotation, Reflection in a point, line and plane. Matrix form of basic geometric transformations. Interpretation of eigen values and eigen vectors for such transformations and eigen spaces as invariant subspaces. Matrices in diagonal form. Reduction to diagonal form upto matrices of order 3. Computation of matrix inverses using elementary row operations.Rank of matrix, Solutions of a system of linear equations using matrices +

Linear equations in one variable.Introduction to the equation in two variables. Focus on linear equations of the type ax + by + c=0.Explain that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real numbers, plotting them and showing that they lie on a line.

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination.Simple situational problems.

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.

Arithmetic Progression, nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the coordinate plane, notations. Graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division) Area of Triangle.

History - Geometry in India and Euclid's geometry. Euclid's method of formalizing observed phenomenon into rigorous Mathematics with definitions, common/obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five postulates of Euclid. Showing the relationship between axiom and theorem, for example: (Axiom) 1. Given two distinct points, there exists one and only one line through them. (Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common.

If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180 degrees and the converse. If two lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal. Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel.

Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence). Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA Congruence). Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS Congruence). Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle. (RHS Congruence) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal. The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side. If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar. If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar. If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles. In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely. In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal. In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely. In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and in half of it and (motivate) its converse.

Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse. The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord. Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or their respective centers) and conversely. The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle. The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180° and its converse. Tangent to a circle at, point of contact The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Area of a triangle using Heron's formula, Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120°.

Surface areas and volumes of spheres (including hemispheres) and right circular cones. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Area of a Triangle using Hero's formula and its application in finding the area of a quadrilateral.

Bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths), and frequency polygons. Mean, median and mode of grouped and ungrouped data, infrographics.,presentation of data, tabular form.

Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event. elementary probability and basic law. Discrete and continuous random variable.

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 00 and 900. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 300, 450 and 600.Relationships between the ratios.

Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60° CALCULUS. Sets. Functions and their graphs: polynomial, sine, cosine, exponential and logarithmic functions. Step function, Limits and continuity. Differentiation, Methods of differentiation like Chain rule, Product rule and Quotient rule. Second order derivatives of above functions. Integration as reverse process of differentiation. Integrals of the functions introduced above.

Elementary Inequalities, Absolute value, Inequality of means, Cauchy – Schwarz Inequality, Tchebychef’s Inequality.

Gases, liquids, solids, plasma and Bose-Enstein condenstate, types of intermolecular forces. Classification of matter into mixtures and pure substances. Henry’s Law. Concentration of solutions. Colloids-phases of colloids, Tyndall effect, Brownian movement. Suspension. Properties of matter. Measurement of properties of matter-S.I. system of units, physical and chemical changes Laws of chemical combination Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro law, atomic and molecular masses, average atomic mass, mole concept and molar masses, percentage composition.

Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of a mixture).

Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination, Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses.

Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars, Discharge tube experiments.

Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale Numericals, Importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series., difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds Alcohols: Preparation and properties. Qualitative analysis of alcohols, iodoform test, effect of alcohols on living beings. Carboxylicacids: Preparation and properties., soaps and detergents. Concept of hybridization and shapes of molecules structural formula and molecular models. isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

Mendeleev’s periodic law, Periodic properties of elements, trends in the periods and groups: Improtance of the periodic table, position of hydrogen in the periodic table.

Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).

‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and re-flexaction; Chemical co- ordination: animal hormones.

Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Heredity; Mendel’s contribution-Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction evolution. - Acquired and inherited traits., Homologus and Analogous organs., What are fossils?.

Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multi cellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes – basic structure, number.

Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration.

Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Freefall.

Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.

Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy).

Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultra sound; reflection of sound; echo.

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R. Magnetic effects of current Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, Electric Generator, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life

Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Global warming and green house effect, acid rain, particulate pollutants, smog, formation of photochemical smog. Water pollution-oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, international standard of drinking water, processing of drinking water.

Basis of Classification. Classification & Evolution. Hierarchy of classification–groups. Plantae, Animalia. Nomenclature Why do we fall ill Health & its failure. Diseases and their causes Types of diseases- Infectious, Noninfectious. Prevention of diseases Smmunisation

Meaning and definition of physical educaton its aim and objectives, modern concept and scope of physical education need and importance of physical education, place of physical education in the total education process.

Effect of exercise on: Muscular system, circulatory system, respiratory system, Digestive system

Definition of Psychology and sports psychology, achievement and motivation and motivation in sports, sportsmanship and sports ethics

Meaning and importance of physical fitness and wellness, components of physical fitness and wellness, factors affecting physical fitness and wellness, principles of physical fitness development, mean of fitness development, aerobic activities – jogging, cycling calisthenics and Rhythmic exercises, participation in Games and sports, circuit Training.

Meaning and concept of training arming up limbering down and their importance methods of training strength Development –Isometric, and Isokinetic Exercises, methods of Endurance Development-Continuous method, Interval Training and Fartlek, Methods of speed Development –Acceleration Runs and pace races.

Meaning of sociological and its Importance in physical education and sports. Games and sports as man IS cultural Heritage. Development of leadership qualities and group dynamics.

latest general rules of the game/sport (anyone game/sport of students choice), measurement of play field and specification of sport equipment, Fundamental skills of the game/port, Related sports terminologies, Important tournaments and venues, sports personalities, sports awards.

Concepts and objectives of Health Education, Importance of Health Education, Principles of Health Education, Importance of Community participation for health promotion and welfare of individual, family and community.

Meaning of communicable Diseases, Essential conditions for communicable Diseases to occur and disease process, common alert signals indicating on set of communicable Diseases, Mode of transmission, common symptoms and prevention of spread (transmission) of AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Abuse of alcohol, tobacco and drugs and the effects of abuse on individual, family and community. Effect of alcohol, tobacco and drugs on sportsperson, eating habits that cause obesity and its effect on health of individual

Concept of environment, scope of environment – living environment, work place environment and environment for leisure activities, Essential element of healthful environment - safe water, low level of noise, clean air, sanitary surrounding, low levels of radioactive radiations and absence of hazards responsible for accidents in (i) home and neighborhood n rural and urban areas (ii) school and work place (iii) during leisure time activities recreation and prevention of accidents related to transportation swimming and water sports, Disaster preparedness and health care during disasters.

Meaning and functions of family and its importance as a social institution, needs and problems of adolescents and their management, Human reproduction – menstruation, conceptional and prenated care, problems associated with pre-marital sex and teenage pregnancies, Preparation of marriage, Role of Parents in child care.

Soft Tissue injuries – sprain and strain, Bone Injuries, Joint Injuries.

(1) Introduction; Period and Location.; Extension: In about 1500 miles; Harappa & Mohenjo-daro; Ropar, Lothal, Rangpur, Alamgirpur, Kali Bangan, Banawali and; Dhaula Veera (in India); (2) Study of following Sculptures and Terracottas:; Dancing girl (Mohenjo-daro); Bronze, 10.5 x 5 x 2.5 cm.; Circa 2500 B.C.; (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi).; Male Torso (Harappa); Stone, 9.2 x 5.8 x 3 cms. Circa; 2500 B. C.; (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi).; Mother Goddess (Mohenjo-daro) terracotta, 22 x 8 x 5; cm.Circa 2500 B.C.; (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi).; (3) Study of Following Seal:; Bull (Mohenjo-daro); Stone, 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.4 cm.; Circa 2500 B.C.; (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi).; (4) Study of following Decoration on earthen wares:; Painted earthen-ware(Jar)Mohenjo-daro); (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi).

General Introduction to Art, during Mauryan, Shunga, Kushana & Gupta Period:; Study of following; Sculptures:; Lion Capital from Sarnath (Mauryan period); Polished sand stone,; Circa 3rd Century B.C.; (Collection: Sarnath Musseum, U.P.); Chauri Bearer from Didar Ganj (Mauryan period); Polished sand – stone; Circa 3rd Century B.C.; (Collection: Patna Museum, Bihar); Bodhisattva head from Taxila (Gandhara Period); Stone, 27.5 x 20 x 15 c.m.; Circa 2nd Century A.D.; (Collection: National Museum, New Delhi); Seated Buddha from Katra Tila; Mathura – (Kushan Period); (Collection: Mathura Museum); Seated Buddha from Sarnath (Gupta Period); Stone; Circa 5th Century AD; (Collection: Sarnath Musseum, U.P.); Jain Tirathankara (Gupta period); Stone; Circa 5th Century AD; (Collection at State Museum, Lucknow U.P.); Introduction to Ajanta; Location, period, No. of caves, Chaitya and Vihara, Paintings and Sculptures; subject matters and techniques etc.; Study of following; Painting & Sculpture:; Padmapani Bodhisattva (Ajanta Cave No. I); Mural Painting; Circa 5th Century A.D.; Mara Vijay (Ajanta Cave No. 26); Sculpture in stone; Circa 5th Century A.D.

Introduction to Temple Sculpture; (6th Century A.D. to 13th Century A.D.); Study of following Temple-Sculptures;; Descent of Ganga (Pallava period, Mahabalipuram Tamilnadu), Stone Circa7th; Century A.D.; Ravana Shaking Mount Kailash (Rashtrakuta period, Ellora,; Trimurti (Elephanta, Maharashtra); Stone; Circa 9th Century A.D.; Lakshmi Narayana (Kandariya Mahadev Temple) (Chandela;; Period, Khajuraho, M.P.); Circa 10th Century A.D.; Cymbal Player Sun Temple (Ganga Dynesty, Konark,; Orissa)Circa 13th Century A.D.; Mother & Child (Vim la-Shah Temple, Solanki Dynesty, Dilwara,; MountAbu, rajastahn ) White marble.Circa 13th Century A.D.; Bronzes; Introduction to Indian Bronzes; Method of casting (solid and hollow); Study of following south Indian Bronzes:; Nataraj (Thanjavur Distt., Tamilnadu); Chola period (12th Centry a.D.) (Collection:; National Museum, New Delhi); Devi (Uma); Chola Period(12th Centry a.D.) (Collection:; National Museum, New Delhi); Artistic Aspects of the Indo-Islamic Architecture; (i)Introduction; Study of following architectures:; Qutab Minar, Delhi; Taj Mahal, Agra; Gol Gumbaj of Bijapur

Introduction to Indian Miniature Schools: Western-Indian, Pala,; Rajasthani,Mughal, Central India, Deccan and Pahari.; The Rajasthan; Schools; Origin and Development; Schools-Mewar, Bundi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh andJaipur; Main features of the Rajasthani & Pahari Schools.; Study of the following Rajasthani Paintings:; Title; Painter; School; Maru-Ragini; Sahibdin; Mewar; Raja Ajniruddha Singh Heera; Utkal Ram; Bundi; Chaugan Players; Dana; Jodhpur; Krishna on swing; Nuruddin; Bikaner; Radha (Bani – Thani); Nihal Chand; Kishangarh; Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakut; Guman; Jaipur; The Pahari Schools:; Origin and development; Schools-Basohli and Kangra; Main features of the Pahari School; Study of the following pahari Paintings; Title; Painter; School; Krishna with Gopies; Basohli; Raga Megha; Kangra

TheMughal School; (1) Origin and development; (2) Main features of the Mughal; School; (3) Study of the following Mughal; paintings; Title; Painter; School; Krishna lifting mount; Goverdhan; Miskin Akbar; Babur crossing the river sone; Jaganath; Akbar; Jahangir holding the picture of; Madona; Abul Hassan; Jahangir; Falcon on a bird nest; Ustad Mansoor; Jahangir; Kabir and Raidas; Ustad Faquirullah Khan; Shahjahan; Marriage procession of Dara Shikoh; Haji Madni; Provincial Mughal(Oudh); TheDeccan School; (1) Origin and development; (2) Main features of the Deccan; School; (3) Study of the following Deccan; paintings; Title; Painter; School; Raga Hindola; Ahmednagar; Chand Bibi Playing; Polo(Chaugan); Gol Konda

A. New Era in Indian Art- an introduction; B. Study of the following painting; Rama Vanquishing the pride of the ocean-Raja; Ravi Verma; Evolution of the Indian national Flag (First – 1906, Middle – 1921 andFinal; 1947 stages): Study of the form and the colour scheme; Introduction to the Bengal School of painting; Origin and development of the Bengal School; Main Features of the Bengal school; Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for National; Freedom Movement; Study of the follwing paintings of the Bengal School; Jouney’s End – Rabindranath Tagore; Parthasarthi – nandlal Bose; Radhika – M.a.R. Chughtai; The Modern Trends in Indian Art; Introduction; Study of the following Paintings:; Magician-Gaganendranath Tagore; Mother and child-Jamini Roy; Woman face-Rabindranath Tagore; Tree Girls-Amrita Sher gill; Study of the following pieces of Sculpture:; Triumph of labour- D.P. Roychowdhury; Santhal Family-Ramkinker Vaij; Study of the following work of contemporary Indian Art’; Paintings; Mother Teresa-M.F. Hussain.; (ii) Birth of Poetry- K.K. Hebbar; (iii) Gossip- N.S. Bendre; (iv) Diagonal- Tyeb Mehta; Graphic Prints; Whirl Pool-Krishna Reddy; Children-Somnath Hore; Devi-Jyoti Bhatt; Of Walls-Anupam Sud; Man, Woman and Tree K. Laxman Goud; Sculptures; Standing Woman-Dhanraj Bhagat; Cries Un-heard-Amar nath Sehgal; Ganesha-P.V. Jankiram; Figure- sankho Chaudhuri; Chatturmukhi – Aekka Yada Giri Rao; Note:; The names of artists and their art work as listed above are only suggestive and in no way; exhaustive.

1. Library as an Social Institution; - Social & Historical foundations of Library.; - Different types of libraries- Academic, Public, Special –their distinguishing features and functions.; - Role of U.G.C. for development of Academic libraries.; - Role in Library of formal and informal education. Shivaji University,; Kolhapur; 2. Normative Principles of Lib. & Inf. Science; - Five Laws of Library Science.; - Implications of five laws in Lib. & Inf. Science; - Development of Libraries with special reference to India, Baroda Public Library system; - Library Co-operation Resource Sharing and Library Networking.; 3. Laws relating to Libraries & Information.; - Library legislation need and essential features.; - Library legislation in India.; - Maharashtra Public Library Act.; - Press and registration act & Delivery of Books act (Public Library).; - Copyright act, Intellectual Property rights.; 4. Library and information Profession; - Attribution of profession.; - Librarianship as a profession.; - Professional ethics.; - Professional associations & their role.; - National & International Library Associations- FID, IFLA, LA, ILA, ALA, IASLIC etc.; - Professional education & research.; 5. Promoters of Library & Information services; - National level promoters- RRRLF.; - International level promoters- UNESCO; 6. Public relations & Extension activities; - Definition; - facets and programs.; - publicity & extension, Out reach activities.; - Library path finders (Guides); - Factors affecting Library development, Literacy, publishing, Book Trade.

1. Universe of Knowledge; - Structure and attributes.; - Modes of formation of subjects.; - Different types of subjects.; - Universe of subjects as mapped in different schemes of classification.; 2. Bibliographic description; - Catalogue purpose, Structure and types physical forms including OPAC filling rules.; - Normative Principles of cataloguing.; - Overview of principles and practice in document description.; - Current trends in Standardization, description and exchange.; - Standard codes of cataloguing.; 3. Methods of Knowledge Organization; - General theory of Library Classification.; - Normative principles of classification and their application.; - Species of Library Classification.; - Standard Schemes of Classifications and their features, CC, DDC, UDC.; - Notation: Need, Functions, Characteristics; - Design and development of schemes of Library Classification, Standard sub-division Index.; - Trends in Library Classification.; 4. Subject Classification; - Principles of Subject Classification.; - Subject heading lists and their feature.

1. Information Technology; - Definition, Need, Scope and Objectives.; 2. Computer Basic (Hardware); - Introduction to Computers; - Overview of Historical Development of Computers.; - Generations of Computers, Classification of Computers.; - Essential Components of Computer system.; 3. Computer Architecture-Organization of Computer; - Input and Output devices- Keyboard, Scanner, OCR, Printers, Monitor; 4. Software.; - Operating systems: Single & Multi User Systems, Basic features of MS-DOS, MS Windows, Linux,; UNIX, Windows NT etc.; - Programming Languages: Concepts and Tools; - Algorithm & Flowcharting.; 5. Word Processors, Spread Sheet etc.; 6. DBMS Package; - Familiarity with DBASE, FOXPRO, CDS/ISIS, SOUL, MS Access (Basic features); 7. Computer application to library & Information work - House keeping; operations; 8. Communication Technology; - Communication Technology Basic Concepts; - Networking: Basic Concepts.; - Internet

1. Management; - Concepts, definition and scope.; - Management styles and approaches.; - Management schools of thought.; - Functions and principles of Scientific Management.; 2. Human Resource Management; - Organizational structure.; - Delegation, Communication and Participation.; - Job Description and Analysis, Job evaluation.; - Inter-personal relation.; - Recruitment procedures.; - Motivation, group Dynamics.; - Training and Development.; - Disciplines and Grievances.; - Performance Appraisal.; 3. Financial Management; - Resources Mobilization; - Budgeting Techniques and Methods PPBS, Zero Based Budgeting etc.; - Budgetary Control.; - Cost effectiveness and Cost Benefit analysis.; - Outsourcing.; 4. Reporting; - Types of reports, Annual report-compilation, Contents and style.; - Library Statistics etc.; 5. System Analysis and Design; - Library as a system; - Project Management PERT/COM; - Decision Tables.; - Performance evaluation standards, MIS.; - Performance Measurement, reengineering, Time and Motion Study; - SWOT ( Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat); - DFD (Data Flow Diagram); 6. Total Quality Management (TQM); - Definition, Concept, Element; - Quality Audit, LIS related standards.; - Technology Management.; 7. Library House Keeping Operations.; - Different sections of Library & Information Center and their functions.; - Collection Development and Management Policies Procedures.; - Book Ordering (Acquisition); - Technical Processing.; - Serials Control, Circulation Control, Maintenance etc.; - Stock Verification- Policies and Procedures.; - Evaluation and Weeding.; - Archiving-conservation-Preservation.; - Restoration including Print, Non-Print and Electronic Materials.; 8. Planning; - Concept, Definition, Need and Purpose, Types.; - Policies and Procedures, MBO; - Building and Space management in Libraries and Information Centers.; - Library Building, Interior & Exterior, Furniture, Equipment’s, Standards & Types.; - Risk Management, Contingency Management.; - Planning of related Infrastructure, Library Standards.; 9. Management of change.; - concept of change.; - changes in Procedures, Methods, Tools and Techniques.; - Problems of Incorporating Change.; - Techniques of Managing Change.

1. Reference and information sources.; - Documentary Sources of Information, Print, Non-Print including Electronic: Special features,; Scope, types; - Nature, Characteristic, Utility and evaluation of different types of Information sources: Physical; formats, Authority, Content, Utility.; - Non-Documentary Information Sources.; - Reference Sources Categories, Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Information; Sources.(Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Periodical, Thesis, Books, Year book, Patents, Trade; literature, standards, Monographs, Reference Books, Year Books, Almanac, Atlas, Abstracting; & Indexing periodicals, Bibliographies, Handbooks etc.); - Internet as a Source of Information.; 2. Reference Service.; - Concept, Definition, Need, Scope and trends.; - Reference Interview and Search Techniques.; 3. Information Services and Products; - Information services and Products.; - Information services concepts, Definition, Need and trends.; - Need, Techniques and Evaluation of Alerting services (CAS &SDI); - Bibliographic, Referral, Document Delivery and Translation Services.; 4. Information System and their Services.; - Study of National, International and Commercial Information Systems and Services-; Background, their Services and Products.

1. Techniques of Library and Information Centres Survey. - Proforma method.; - Interview method.; - Records analysis method.; 2. Information users and their information Needs; - Categories of Information users.; - Information needs definition and models.; - Information seeking behaviour.; 3. User Education; - Goals and Objectives level, Techniques and Methods, Evaluation of Users Education; Programmes.; 4. User Studies.; - Methods and techniques of User studies.; - Evaluation of User studies.; 5. User Orientation Programmes:; - Conventional and modern Techniques: Study tour, Newsletters, Handbooks, Leaflets, Power; point Presentation, Websites etc

1. Classification of Documents (Using CC & DDC) (Latest Ed.) - Classification of documents; representing simple subject.; - Classification of documents having common isolatres.; - Classification of documents representing compound subject.; - Classification of documents representing complex subject.; 2. Assignment of Book Number; - (Using at least one standard Book Numbering System); 3. Cataloguing of Documents. (Using CCC & AACR; (Latest Ed.); - Cataloguing of Simple documents; - Cataloguing of complex documents; 4. Subject Cataloguing; - Assigning subject Heading Using at least one standard subject Heading.

1. Use of Operating Systems; 2. Word Processors, Spread Sheets,; 3. Database Creation using at least one DBMS software.; 4. Database Search and Retrieval.

1. Study and evaluatgion of Reference sources.; 2. Compilatin of Current Awareness List/Biography/Content List/ Press Clippings.

1. Survey of Libraries and Information centres.; 2. Survey of a group of user

1. Approaches to Human Development; 2. Theoretical Approaches to Development; 3. The Early Years (Birth to Eight Years); 4. Early Adolescence (From nine years to eighteen years); 5. Transitions into Adulthood

1. Human Learning and Intelligence; 2. Learning Process and Motivation; 3. Teaching Learning Process; 4. Overview of Assessment and School System; 5. Strategies and practices

1. Nature and Significance of Science; 2. Planning for Instruction; 3. Approaches and Methods of Teaching Sciences; 4. Learning Resources with reference to Children with Disabilities for Teaching Science

1. Nature of Mathematics; 2. Objectives and Instructional Planning in Mathematics; 3. Strategies for Learning and Teaching Mathematics; 4. Teaching-Learning Resources in Mathematics for Students with Disabilities; 5. Assessment and Evaluation for Mathematics Learning

1. Nature of Social Sciences: - Concept, scope and nature of social science; 2. Curriculum and Instructional Planning; 3. Approaches to teaching of Social Science; 4. Social Science Teacher as a Reflective Practitioner; 5. Teaching-Learning Resources in Social Sciences for Students with Disabilities

1. भाषा, हिंदी भाषा के प्रकृति, प्रयोज्यता; 3. पाठनियोजन; 5. भाषा अधिगम के मूल्यांकन की प्राविधि

1. Nature of English Language & Literature: Principles of Language Teaching; 2. English language in the school context: An Evolutionary Perspective, Current; 3. Trends in Modern English Literature in India context; 4. Instructional Planning; 5. Approaches and Methods of Teaching English; 6. Instructional Materials

Concept, definition, causes, types and associated conditions.; Characteristics, learning needs; Screening, screening tools and procedure for identification; Assessment of disability, areas of assessment, assessment tools, interpretation of; assessment data for planning; Differentiated diagnosis and certification of disability

Concept, principles and approaches to curricular development, types, curricular transactions.; Curricular adaptation, designing based on individual needs, adaptations to meet needs in; different settings, role of technology in curriculum development, curriculum development; and teaching, development of suitable teaching learning resources.; Development of literacy academic skills (Reading, writing, computation), development of; communication, language, social, recreational, self-care, independent living and life skills.

Learning characteristics, teaching strategies, strategies for early intervention and its impact; on school outcomes.; Disability specific intervention and training strategies, types, approaches, techniques,; use of technology peer mediated and cooperative learning.; Inclusive teaching strategies, UDL, DI, Classroom management, home-based training,; assistive technology.

Psycho-social aspects and disability, role of family and school in psycho-social development.; Family needs and issues related to families of children with disabilities, empowering parents; and families, social attitude- neighborhood, parents of other children, friendship, support,; advocacy and legal rights.; Family and community intervention, addressing mental health concerns, counselling and; guidance.