KTET

Methods of studying child behaviour - observation, case study, Interview, Psychological tests etc.; Concept of development; Principles of growth and development; Influence of heredity and environment on human development; Concept of learning; Basic theories of learning : Conditioning (Pavlov, Skinner); Insight learning (Gestalt); cognitive learning (Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky); Relation between development and learning : learner readiness of maturation; Piaget, Kohlberg and Vygotsky : Constructs and critical perspectives.; Concept of child - centered and progressive education - Activity based method of Teaching and Learning, Problem Based Learning; Critical perspectives of construct of intelligence (Theories of Spearman, Guilford, Thurstone and Gardner).; Language and Thought (Basic perspectives of Piaget, Chomsky and Vygotsky).; Gender as a social construct: Gender roles, gender bias and educational practice; Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc.,; Distinction between - Assessment for learning and Assessment of learning - school based Assessment (Internal assessment); Continuous and comprehensive evaluation: Perspectives and practice; Assessing learner achievement - grading; Personality development - concept of personality and basic approaches to personality (Psychoanalytic and Trait) - Adjustment mechanisms

Concept of exceptional children; Concept of children with special needs (CWSN); Addressing learners from diverse backgrounds including disadvantaged and deprived; Concept of learning disability (LD) - Addressing the needs of children with learning disabilities; Addressing the Talented, creative, specially abled children 1/4 Syllabus - Category I

How children think and learn: how and why children fail to achieve success in school performance; Different factors influencing learning and achievement; Basic process of teaching and learning: Children’s strategies of learning - Learning as a social activity - social context of learning; Child as a problem solver and ‘scientific investigator’ (concept of the nature of child by Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky); Alternative concepts of Learning in children: Understanding children’s’ ‘errors’ as significant steps in the learning process (Self - corrective nature of the child); Cognition and Emotions - Emotion - Basic Emotions - characteristics of childhood emotionality. Emotional Development (Bridge’s)- cognition (Thinking, Reasoning, Problems solving and Investigation); Motivation and learning - How does motivation influence learning - Maslow’s theory of motivation; Factors contributing to learning - Personal and environmental Note:; (i) Emphasis should be given to questions related to classroom contexts,; (ii) Classroom context should be primary level.

A. Comprehension of theme; B. Interpretation; C. Inference

A. Comprehension of themes; B. Poetic images; C. Interpretation

A. Principles of Language Learning; B. Classroom practices; C. Inclusion of differently abled children; D. Methodology of curriculum Transaction 1/6 Syllabus - Category I

A. Books and Authors; B. Functional Grammar; C. Proverbs; D. Forms of Literature; E. Tamil Festivals

A. Comprehension of Theme; B. Interpretation; C. Inference

A. Comprehension of Theme; B. Poetic images

A. Principles of Language learning; B. Classroom Practices; C. Inclusion of differently abled children; D. Methodology of curriculum transaction

A. Idioms, Phrases and usages; B. Functional grammar; C. Proverbs; D. Rhythms

i) Comprehension passage : The unfamiliar passages are intended to check factual, inferential, analytical and evaluative comprehension.; ii) Grammar Language elements included in the Course books of standard I to V . Such as :; Article; Concord; Interrogatives Yes / No Questions ‘wh’ - Questions; Question tags • Prepositions; Tense and Time • Determiners; Phrasal verbs • Gerunds; Reflexive Pronouns • Linkers; Auxiliaries; iii) V erbal ability; V ocabulary; Inflexions; Affixes; Prefix; Suffix; Antonyms, Synonyms; Idioms and Phrases

Questions will be based on the present Kerala Primary school curriculum (English); Language Acquisition and Learning Learning vs acquisition - Major schools of thought .; Principles of Language Learning Constructivism - Social Constructivism - Critical Pedagogy - Error Treatment - Cognitivism 1/8 Syllabus - Category I; Language and Thought Different views of Whorf, Piaget, Vygotsky and Chomsky - Relationship between language and thought.; Objectives of Teaching English Relevance of English - Curricular Objectives.; Language skills and communication skills Ways of improving language / communication skills - classroom activities - tools.; ICT based aids in language teaching; Modern Strategies Nurturing multiple intelligence Instruction to cater individual differences - Teaching learners with special needs.; Evaluation continuous and comprehensive evaluation - assessment of skills and products.

Family Æ Relationships, job and duties of family members; Water Æ Water sources, conservation of water, water pollution, prevention of water pollution; Agriculture Æ Different types of agriculture, tools of agriculture, agricultural product, herbal garden; Vehicles Æ Types of vehicles used; Soil Æ Different soils, soil pollution. Prevention of soil pollution, soil erosion; Earth Æ Ecosystem, environmental protection, impact of pollution on earth, remedial measures; Shelters Æ Types of shelters, characteristics of animal shelters; Diseases Æ Different types of diseases, causes, remedial measures, healthy habits; Food Æ Types of food - natural and artificial foods, their merits and demerits; Jobs Æ Types of jobs, different types of tools; Public Institute Æ Services of people by public institute; Energy Æ Types of energy, conservation of energy; Animal world Æ Varieties of animals, movement, food habits, uses of animals; Plants Æ Variety of plants-uses-herbal garden, photosynthesis; First aid Æ Different types of first aid, need for first aid box; Solar system Æ Plants, stars, sky, water; Air Æ Importance of nature, air pollution, remediation; Light Æ Eye, protection of eye, sources of light. reflection of light, shadow.

Science Æ Scope, meaning, history of science, role of science in human development; Aims of learning science Æ Cognitive area, process skill area, scientific attitude, application area, scientific creativity 1/10 Syllabus - Category I; Supplementary activities for enhancing science learning Æ Bulletin board, science club, wall magazine, day celebrations, quiz etc; Scientific process Æ Steps in scientific process; Different process skills Æ Its developmental strategies; Characteristics of science teaching; Approaches of science teaching Æ Nature of learning activities, evaluation process etc; Integrated approach in environmental science; Evaluation strategy in science classes Æ Grading; Different strategies in science teaching-learning process Æ Projects, seminars, debates, experiments, field trips etc; Role of science teacher; Learning aids Æ need, scope; Unit analysis Æ Comprehensive planning - teaching manual; Pedagogic analysis; Analysis of primary science curriculum; Action Research; Evaluation system Æ Grading - continuous evaluation - preparation and administration of evaluation tools

The examination will be broadly based on topics prescribed for class 1 to 5 in the Kerala State Syllabus for Mathematics, but some problems may have links to extensions of these concepts to the secondary stage.

Numbers: Natural Numbers : Place value, ordering, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of natural numbers, factors and multiples, prime numbers, practical problems. Fractions : Fraction of a measure such as metre, litre, gram. Fractional parts of objects. Equal fractions, Operations on fraction. Decimal representation of fractions related to metric units of length, volume, weight. Operations on decimals, practical problems. Geometry : Perimeter of rectilinear figures (polygons), area of rectangles, patterns of geometrical figures, practical problems. Measurements : Basic operations in solving problems involving, length, weight, capacity, time, money and practical problems.

1/11 Syllabus - Category I Nature of Mathematics Abstraction, Understanding children’s thinking and reasoning. Language of Mathematics. Place of Mathematics in Curriculum Aims and objectives of learning mathematics in primary classes -Values of mathematics learning Correlation with other subjects, Lower Primary and Upper Primary Mathematics, curriculum, syllabus Mathematics - Trends and Developments Historical development of mathematics great mathematicians and their contributions Approach to Mathematics Learning Proper learning experiences keeping in mind the characteristics of children, their natural learning capacity and the learning process Theoretical base of learning mathematics Teaching of Mathematics - Strategies and Methods Teaching strategies- Concept attainment, process oriented teaching, projects, seminars, assignments, field trip. Different teaching learning methods –Inductive and deductive method, analytic and synthetic method, project method, laboratory method. Learning Materials in Mathematics Textbook and handbooks, information technology, mathematics club, mathematics laboratory, mathematics fair, mathematics library collecting mathematical puzzles, riddles. Mathematics Learning - Evaluation Concept of continuous and comprehensive evaluation, evaluation activities, grading and recording the results diagnosis, remedial teaching and error analysis.

Growth and Development - stages of development - Infancy, Child hood, Adolescence - Maturation - Relationship between development, Maturation and learning. Principles of development of children Major principles of growth and development - Implication of learning - Influence of Heredity and Environment Role of Heredity and Environment on the development of child -Teacher's role.

Concept of Socialization - Social world and children: Role of family, peers, teachers in the process of socialization - pattern of social development - Erick Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

Cognitive development theory of Piaget, Kohlberg's theory of moral development - Vygotsky's theory of social constructivism - Educational Implications.

Concept of child centeredness - Individual difference - Methods of teaching and learning - Activity methods - Concept of progressive education - Role of teacher.

Concept of Intelligence - Theories of intelligence - factor theories - S -I model of Intellect - multiple Intelligences - Concept of I Q - Intelligence Tests (Examples) - Sternberg's Information processing theory.

Language development - stages, Theories - Piaget, Vygotsky, Chomsky - Relationship between language and thought -approaches to language learning and teaching.

Gender Roles, bias, educational practices - Gender equality - teacher's role.

Understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community, religion etc. Individual difference - socio cultural determinants

( C C E) Concept - Assessment to learning - strategies - Cumulative records, Anecdotal records, Portfolios Assessment Techniques. - Feed back

Readiness for learning - Strategies for assessment - Encouraging critical thinking - Teacher's role. 2/3 Syllabus - Category II

Addressing learners from diverse back grounds - including disadvantaged and deprived. LD, MR, O P H, Sensorily deprived - socially and culturally deprived - Educational Implications/ Addressing the needs of LD. Exceptional children - Gifted, creative, specially abled children - Educational provision - Needs - characteristics - Identification and Remedial measures

Identification of individual learner needs - Intellectual, Emotional, Social, Creative needs, Catering to the individual needs of learners.

Creating Learning situations - criteria of learning experiences - different modes of learning - social learning (Bandura) - co-operative and collaborative learning, Group discussion - Role of Teacher.

Perception - concept formation - thinking - Imagination - Reasoning - Inductive and deductive - Problem solving - Memory - Emotional development - characteristics, Emotional maturity Emotional Intelligence - Emotional Quittance (EQ)

Learning - Factors affecting Learning - Theories of Learning - Pavlov, Thorndike, Skinner, Gagne’s hierarchy of learning, Insightful learning (Kohler) - Constructivism - Piaget, Bruner, Vygotsky, Ausubel - Educational Implications Motivation - Concept, types - Importance to learning - Theories of motivation - Abraham Maslow, Mc Clelland

Concept - Approaches - Type, Trait - Allport - Measurement of personality - Projective and Non projective techniques - Adjustment Mechanisms

An unfamiliar passage or poem with questions on reading comprehension, inference, vocabulary and language elements.; Questions to evaluate the knowledge of basic grammar such as Tense forms, Articles, Prepositions and Linkers.

Language Acquisition and Learning - Theories and their classroom implications.; Principles of Language Teaching; Language skills - Strategies to develop them; Problems and challenges in language classrooms; Teaching learning materials - Textbook, ICT and other teaching aids.; Learner Assessment - Self, Peer, Teacher; Strategies for teaching children with special needs (CWSN); Teacher Attitude and Aptitude

A. Comprehension of theme; B. Interpretation; C. Inference

A. Poetic images; B. Comprehension of themes; C. Interpretation; E. Extended Meaning

A. Principles of Language Learning; B. Inclusion of differently abled children; C. Methodology of curriculum Transaction

A. Books and Authors; B. Functional Grammar; C. Proverbs; D. Trends in Literature; E. Foreign Contribution in Tamil Literature; F. Tamil Festivals and Folk Arts

A. Comprehension of Theme; B. Interpretation; C. Inference

A. Comprehension of Theme; B. Poetic images; C. Poetic emotions and feelings; D. Imaginating elements

A. Principles of Language learning; B. Classroom Practices; C. Inclusion of differently abled children; D. Methodology of curriculum transaction

A. Idioms, Phrases and usages; B. Functional grammar; C. Proverbs; D. Rhythms; E. History and Forms of Literature

One or two unfamiliar passages or poems with questions on comprehension, inference, vocabulary and elements of grammar.; A few questions to evaluate knowledge of basic grammar, such as; Article; Concord; Question tags; Prepositions 2/7 Syllabus - Category II; Tense and time; Modal Auxiliaries; Phrasal verbs and idioms; Degrees of comparison; Active and passive voice; Reported speech; Language functions; Error identification

Language Acquisition and Learning - Theories and their classroom implications.; Principles of Language Teaching; Problems and challenges in the language classrooms; Language skills - strategies to develop them; Teaching learning materials - Textbook, ICT and other teaching aids.; Assessment - Self, Peer, Teacher; Strategies for teaching children with special needs (CWSN)

Concepts and process in language learning and acquisition.; Developments - principles of language teaching.; Role of listening and speaking.; Functions of language and how children use it as a tool in formal and informal situations.; Role of grammar in learning language for communicating ideas verbally and in written forms- critical perspective.; Challenges in language teaching.; Diverse classroom - errors and disorders.; Language skills.; Evaluation in language learning-comprehension and proficiency.; Teaching-learning material-other resource materials to be used in class rooms.; Remedial measures to be taken in language class.; Creating proper interactive situations in language class rooms.; Competence of a teacher in selecting proper extended materials in language class rooms.; Various forms of presentation of discourses in language class rooms.; How to address the special needs of differently abled children in language class rooms.

Reading unseen passages (prose, poem) and elements of language 2/8 Syllabus - Category II Division of Questions Question from Poem 5 Questions Question from Prose 6 Questions Question from Language Elements 4 Questions (Translation, technical terms, history of language, language elements); Question to be asked on the basis of the poem given to test the competence to comprehend ideas and enjoy the poetic emotions and feelings, imaginative elements, ideas and views beyond the lines, particular forms of composition, etc.; Questions on the given prose or drama to test the competencey for comprehension, interpretation and language usage.; Language elements like structure of sentences, combination of words, usage of words in various situations, idioms in use and basic grammar.; History & Culture of Languages - Major landmarks - developments of modern prose (Discourses)

Steps of seed germination.; Plant adaptations.; Pest-pest control.; Chemical and biological pest control.

Cell structure.; Cell organelles.; Tissue.; Types of tissues.; Organ system.; Levels of organisation.

Micro organisms.; Mode of disease transmission.; Preventive measures.

Different types of pollution.; Bio-degradable and non bio degradable pollutants.; Plastic waste.; 2/12; Syllabus - Category II

Heart -blood-lymph; Arteries- veins- capillaries; Cardio vascular diseases

Osmosis-diffusion-active transport; Cellular equilibrium

Kidney-skin.

Agents of pollination; Seed dispersal; Types of fruits.

Human digestive system; Indigenous food; Food adulteration.

Brain-nervous disorders.

Human skeletal system; Joints; First aid.

Hybrid varieties of plants; Crop rotation; Nitrogen fixation; Vegetative propagation- (budding, grafting, layering); Tissue culture; Plant nutrition; Chemical and bio fertilizers; Integrated farming; Pisciculture- sericulture- epiculture; Plant diseases-plant disease control measures; Agricultural garden- agricultural research institutes.; Indegenous varieties of animals- hybrid varieties of animals.; Taxonomy; Two kingdom and five kingdom classification; Binomial nomenclature.

Food chain- food web- positive and negative interactions.

Conservation of bio diversity; 2/13; Syllabus - Category II; Biosphere reserve- national park- zoological park- gene bank-; Endemic species; Hot spot- sustainable development.

Reflection of light - images-different types of mirrors. solar eclipse-lunar eclipse-orbit-satellite-; information technology, Image formation by spherical mirrors.

Sun, planets, satellites, asteroids, meteorites, comets, etc.

Inclined plane-pulleys-lever-fulcrum-resistance-effort -application of simple machines-electromagnet

Properties of magnet, applications, earth's magnetism

Different forms of energy-fuels-conservation of energy-forms of fuels-potential energy- kinetic; energy-evaporation of water-

Density - heat and change of state-sea breeze and land breeze-atmospheric pressure and its; application-fluid pressure. temperature, thermometer

Frictional electricity, electroscope, earthing, lightning and lightning arresters, conductors and insulators.

Production of sound-characteristics of sound, application of sound (sonar, ultra sound etc) propagation; of sound - sound pollution-musical instruments.

Different types of motion-uniform, non-uniform speed-velocity-acceleration-Newton's laws of; motion-friction-advantages and disadvantages.

Radiation-applications of thermal insulators (flask, casseroles)

Types of force-inertia-relation between inertia and mass.; Basic concepts of thrust and pressure-relationship between surface area and thrust.; Atmospheric pressure - barometer

Methods of separation of pure substances-acids and bases and its characteristics, reaction with; metals and carbonates.; Neutralisation, PH

Metals and its characteristics-prevention of corrosion.

Chemical reactions in day to day life-effect of chemical reactions on nature.; 2/14; Syllabus - Category II; Molecules and atoms- fundamental concepts-classification of matter-symbols of elements-properties; of elements and matter-structure of atom-discovery-Dalton's concept- atom model-Bohr' model of; atom-atomic number and mass number.; Octet electronic configuration; Role of electrons in bonding- valency-ions - atomicity

Approaches to the science curriculum-criticism of contemporary science education-Aims and objectives; of science education-science literacy.; Approaches of science education-taxonomy of science education.; Knowledge domain; Problem solving skills-creativity domain-attitudinal domain-application domain; Scientific inquiry; Pedagogic strategies-activity based - collaborative and cooperative learning.; Significance of the history of science; Significance of laboratory; Evaluation, CCE, assessment of performance; Scientific attitude; Methods of science teaching; Role of science teacher; Teaching and learning aids; Psychological basis of science learning

The examination will be broadly based on the topics prescribed for classes 6 to 8 in the Kerala State syllabus for mathematics but some problems may have links to extension of these concepts to the Higher Secondary stage. The details are given below: 1. Content

Fractions : Different forms of the same fraction and reduction to lowest terms. Operations on fractions. Representation of certain fractions as terminating decimals. Operations on such decimals. Percent : Concept of percent and its relation to fractions. Applications of percent in monetary transactions, such as interest (simple and compound), profit and loss, and discount. Average : Average as representative number of a group of numbers. Computation of average. Quick computation of the change in average when one number of the group is replaced by another. Average of combined groups Negative Numbers : Use of negative numbers in certain physical contexts such as temperature and scoring. Fundamental operations of negative numbers. Use of negative numbers in algebra. Exponentiation : Exponentiation as repeated multiplication. Positive integral powers. Multiplication and division of numbers expressed as powers. Meaning of negative powers and its use in simplification. Ratio and Proportion : Ratios for comparing two or more magnitudes using a common unit. Multiple interpretations of comparisons involving ratios. Uses of the idea in such contexts as comparing different types in a group, different ingredients in a mixture, monetary division, aspect ratio in geometry and so on. Proportion as change of quantities without changing the ratio. The idea of the constant of proportion. 2/15 Syllabus - Category II Inverse proportion as proportionality with the reciprocal. The equations y = kx and y = k x . Use of these ideas in physics, such as in elasticity, levers and gravitation. Time and Distance : The concept of average speed. Relation between time, distance and average speed. Finding average speed of trips done in two parts in various cases such as when the distance in both parts are equal and when the time for both parts are the same.

Use of algebra to express unchanging relations between changing physical quantities. Algebraic expressions as shorthand for arithmetical operations on unspecified numbers. General properties of arithmetic operations, especially products of sums and differences as algebraic identities. Formulation and solution of a linear equation in one unknown, arising from certain physical and mathematical contexts.

Angles : Angle as measure of slant and as measure of spread. Degree measure of an angle by dividing a circle into 360 equal sectors. Perpendicularity relation between the four angles made by two intersecting lines. Parallel Lines : A pair of parallel lines as lines keeping the same distance throughout and as lines having the same slant with a third line. Characterization of a pair of parallel lines in terms of various pairs of angles from the eight angles made by intersection with a third line. Sum of angles of a triangle and polygons. Triangles : Area of a triangle in terms of base and height. Drawing triangles according to some specified measures. Cases where two different triangles are possible and no triangle is possible. The concept of congruency of triangles, Sufficient conditions for two triangles to be congruent, such as having lengths of all three sides equal, lengths of two sides and included angle equal, lengths of one side and the two angles on it equal. Various applications of these ideas such as in proving properties of parallelograms and isosceles triangles, drawing the perpendicular bisector of a line and bisector of an angle. Quadrilaterals : Classification of quadrilaterals as rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, and trapezium and their various characterizations. Drawing these types of quadrilaterals of specified measures. Areas of various types of quadrilaterals. Solids : The idea of a rectangular prism. Its volume and surface area.

Graphical Representation : Representing numerical data as pictographs, bar graphs, multiple bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. Drawing inferences from such graphs. Tabular Representation : Representing numerical data as a frequency table.

Abstraction, Understanding children’s thinking and reasoning. Language of Mathematics.

Aims and objectives of learning mathematics in primary classes -Values of mathematics learning. Correlation with other subjects, Lower primary and Upper primary Mathematics curriculum

Historical development of mathematics History of great mathematicians and their contributions 2/16 Syllabus - Category II

Proper learning experiences keeping in mind the characteristics of children, his natural learning capacity and the learning process of the child. Theoretical base of learning mathematics

learning strategies- Concept attainment, Process oriented approach, Projects, Seminars, Field trip, etc. Different teaching learning methods –Inductive and deductive method, Analytic and Synthetic method, Project Method, laboratory method. Planning of a lesson

Textbook and Handbooks, Information technology, Mathematics club, Mathematics laboratory, Mathematics fair, Mathematics library. Mathematics collection - collection of mathematical puzzles, riddles, etc.

Concept of continuous and comprehensive evaluation, Evaluation activities, Grading the performance and recording the results.Diagnosis,Remedial Teaching and Error Analysis.

1. Stone age, beginning of agriculture; 2. Civilizations - Egypt, China, Mesopotamia, Harappa; 3. Industrial and agrarian revolutions, capitalism; 4. Socialism, labour movements and labour struggles; 5. Colonialism in India; 6. Struggles of peasants, workers, tribals, women, sepoys, poligars, rulers and chieftains; 7. Revolt of 1857; 8. Social reform movements of India; 9. Indian national movement and Gandhian era.; 10. Movements for social change, peasant struggles and national movement in modern Kerala

1. Planets and other heavenly bodies; 2. Size, shape, interior structure of the earth, seasons, temperature zones; 3. Latitude, longitude, longitude and time; 4. Map and its types, scale, topographical maps, globe; 5. Climate & weather, temperature, pressure, rainfall and winds; 6. India - Relief, climate, drainage, vegetation; 7. India - Resources, agriculture, industry, transport, population; 8. Kerala - Physiography, drainage, agriculture, transport, human life; 9. Environmental problems and conservative measures.; 2/17; Syllabus - Category II

1. Economic growth, development and human development - concepts and trends; 2. Five Year Plans; 3. Agriculture, food security and poverty; 4. Traditional industries of Kerala; 5. Money and banking; 6. Demographic trends - India and Kerala; 7. Globalisation and India

1. Democracy; 2. People and state Government; 3. Political parties - Types and functions; 4. Election process and the Role of Election Commission; 5. Local Self Governments

1. Nature, scope, importance and correlation; 2. National goals, aims & objectives of instruction; 3. Curriculum - trends, principles & orgnaisations; 4. Analysis and planning of instruction.; 5. Types of learners and requirements for learning; 6. Learning resources and co-curricular activities; 7. Purpose and modern trends of evaluation; 8. Methods, approaches & techniques of instruction; 9. Characteristics of modern instructional strategies

a. Adolescence – Nature and Characteristics- Methods of studying Adolescents - Principles of development – Role of Heredity and Environment on development – Developmental needs – Physiological, Intellectual, Language, Emotional and Social. Developmental tasks.; b. Problems of adolescence – Identity crisis, Underachievement, Peer Pressure, Substance Abuse, Delinquency, Health Problems, Adjustment Mechanisms - Challenges and Remedies.; c. Developmental theories – Piaget, Bruner, Freud, Erikson, Kohlberg – Special reference to adolescence; Classroom implications.

a. Nature and concept of Learning - Maturation and learning - characteristics of learning - Transfer of learning - Classroom implications.; b. Factors affecting learning - Motivation, Intelligence, Interest, Attention, Attitude, Anxiety, Level of aspiration, Memory, Learning Context, Content of Learning, Learner Characteristics- Teacher’s role.; c. Creativity - concept, nature, process, measurement, characteristics of creative children, relationship between creativity and achievement - Fostering creativity.; d. Theories of learning : Principles of learning, contributions of Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner, Kurt Lewin, Piaget, Bruner, V ygotsky, Ausubel, Gagne, Gestalt Psychology, Constructivist approach in learning - Classroom implications.; e. Children with special needs : Gifted, Backward, Mentally challenged, Physically Challenged, Learning disabled - Problems and Challenges - Inclusive Education- Educational provisions.

a. Teaching - Nature & Objectives - Steps in Teaching, Factors affecting Teaching. Teacher characteristics, Identification of learner needs, creating appropriate learning situations, effective teacher, progressive teacher, teaching styles.; b. Teacher Roles - Motivator, Facilitator, Democratic leader, Guide, Counsellor, Mentor, Social Engineer- Classroom Implications.; c. Methods and Techniques of Teaching: Learner Centered Teaching Strategies, Projects, Group Discussion, Activity, Co-operative Learning, Seminars, Debates etc. Effective use of ICT, A V Aids, Improvisation, Tools and Techniques of Evaluation, Concept of CCE and Assessment; d. Classroom Management, Skills in Planning and Implementation, Decision Making, Positive Feedback.; e. Personality of the Teacher - Emotional Maturity, Balanced Personality, Attitude, Values and Professional Ethics.; f. Understanding teaching and learning in the context of NCF 2005, KCF 2007 and right to education act 2009

a) Two passages - discursive/literary/narrative/scientific, with questions on testing comprehension

1. Vocabulary; Antonym, Synonym, foreign words, confused words, one word substitution - spelling; 2. Grammar; Sentence structure - Phrases - Clause - Transformation of Sentences - Tense - Concord -; Prepositions - passivisation - Reporting; 3/4; Syllabus - Category III

Asking for something, seeking permission etc.,; Dialogue writing - Contracted forms: I’d, I’ll, we’ll etc.,; Spoken and written forms of communication

a. Comprehension of theme; b. Interpretation; c. Analysis; d. Summaizing

a. Poetic images; b. Comprehension of themes; c. Interpretation; d. Extended meaning; e. Creativity and imagination

a. Functional Tamil; b. Basic grammar; c. Proverbs; d. Errors and correction (words and sentences)

a. Media Language; b. Correspondence; c. Speeches; d. Influence of other languages

a. Comprehension of Theme; b. Interpretation; c. Inference; d. Analysis

a. Comprehension of Theme; b. Poetic images; 3/5; Syllabus - Category III; c. Poetic emotions and feelings; d. Imaginating elements; e. Poetic Style; f. Poetic emotions and feelings

a. Functional Grammar; b. V ocabulary –Borrowings-Literary and colloquial; c. Different types of sentences

a. Different types of communication; b. Modern techniqes of communication

Language Learning/Language acquisition -; Principles of language teaching; Activities for developing language skills; Process approach, Activity-based learning - learner autonomy; Teaching Prose, Poetry, Drama and other Discourses; Methods of teaching English; Addressing learning difficulties; Dealing with language disorders; 3/7; Syllabus - Category III

Objectives of teaching English; Principles and methods of English Langauge Teaching; Communicative approach - SOS approach; Bilingual Method; Humanistic Approaches; Learner assessment, CCE; Early Literature - Chaucer and his contemporaries - Later Middle English Literature; The Renaissance - Elizabethan Prose - Drama previous to Shakespeare - Shakespeare and the later; Dramatists; Poetry from Spencer to the Restoration - The Restoration Poetry - Drama & Prose; The Augustan Novel - Prose; Writers of the 18 th century - The Romantic Movement; Early 19 th century Poets - The Novel in the later Eighteenth Century and earlier Nineteenth century; Victorian Poetry - Novel - Drama; Twentieth Century literature; Major themes in modern and post modern literature - Feminist literature - Major Indian writers in; English; Basic concepts in Film studies - Media studies - Translation studies; Phonetics, History and structure of the English Language - Phonology - Morphology - Phrase structure; Grammar; Modern Grammar and usage - Tense and aspects, Word classes, Concord, Sentence transformation,; Reporting, Passivisation; V ocabulary - Idioms and Phrases

a. Principles of Language learning; b. Inclusion of differently abled children; c. Methods of teaching; d. Critical Pedagogy; e. Development of skills

a. Sangom literature; b. Ethical literature; c. Epic literature; d. Bhakthi literature; e. Medieval literature; f. Foreign contribution in Tamil Language and Literature; 3/8; Syllabus - Category III; g. Modern literature; h. Modern literary trends; i. Folk lore; j. South Indian History and culture; k. Elements of Language; l. Traditional grammar; m. Functional grammar.

1. Principles of Language learning; 2. Classroom Practices; 3. Inclusive differently abled children; 4. Methodology of curriculam transaction; 5. Critical pedagogy; 6. Principles of Teaching

1. Literature -Ancient,Medieval and Modern; 2. Prosody; 3. Grammar and History of Kannada Language; 4. Literary Criticism( Eastern and Western); 5. Linguistics - General and Dravidian; 6. Folk Literature; Pedagogical understanding 30; Literature including folk literature 30; Prosody 5; Grammer 5; Poetics 5; Linguistics 5; Total 80; E. HINDI 80 Questions

1. Aims and objectives of teaching language - Place of Hindi in Kerala - Hindi the National, official and; link language of India - Developing National outlook (2); 2. Developments - Principles of Language teaching (1); 3/9; Syllabus - Category III; 3. Acquisition of the four language skills - Listening - Listening and reporting - speaking - creating; proper interactive situations in language classrooms. Stress on good pronunciation. Reading - different; types of reading - silent, loud, multiple reading - writing - process of writing - creative writing (3); 4. Importance of translation - cultural and literacy value (1); 5. Co-curricular activities - celebration of important days, Hindi club activities - Academic activities,; aesthetic development activities (2); 6. Selection of appropriate instructional strategies - learner centred instructional strategies - Inductive; deductive learning, constructive model of learning - group investigation strategy. (4); 7. Learning aids - Textbooks - IT enabled language learning - language lab - local text - print media and; visual media (3); 8. Methods of teaching - methods of teaching discourses - role of grammar - language for communicating; ideas - verbal and written form - critical perspective (4); 9. Identification of learner needs - learning disabled slow learners - fast learners (3); 10. Diverse classroom - Planning of classroom teaching - critical analysis of Std. VIII to X Textbooks; (Hindi) - preparation of year plan - unit plan and lesson plan (3); 11. Evaluation - continuous evaluation - terminal evaluation - achievement test - diagnostic test - remedial; teaching. (4)

Transverse and longitudinal waves, propagation of wave, medium dependence. Sound - loudness, frequency,; wavelength, pitch, reflection and refraction of sound waves, echo, beats, Doppler effect, reverberation,; SONAR, sound pollution, resonance and musical instruments.

Reflection - plane mirror, spherical mirror, multiple reflection, image formation by spherical mirrors and; its applications. Refraction : Optical density, total internal reflection and applications. Ray diagram and; image formation by lens, lens equation, microscopes, telescope, camera, human eye and common defects; of eye and its remedy. Dispersion of light, scattering of light, rainbow, Newton’s Disc, colour of sky, cloud,; snow. Primary colours, secondary colours - complementary colours.; 3/16; Syllabus - Category III

Thrust, atmospheric pressure, Pascal's law, Archimedes principle, surface tension and capillarity.

Temperature and temperature scales, modes of heat transmission, boiling, melting, Specific heat capacity,; latent heat, regulation

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion, graphs of s-t, v-t and their relevance. Circular; motion, centripetal acceleration, angular speed, momentum, Newton's law of motion, law of conservation; of momentum. Recoil of gun, action - reaction pairs. Centre of gravity, banking of curve.

Mass and weight, universal law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity and factors affecting it, Solar; system, orbits, planets, satellite, escape velocity, space exploration and weightlessness in space. Galaxies,; stars, big bang, clusters, nebula, Super Nova, solar and lunar eclipse.

Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy, forms of energy - heat, light, sound, mechanical,; nuclear energy, mass energy. Law of conservation of energy.

Natural and artificial magnets, different types of magnets and their properties, magnetic field lines or lines; of force. Earth and its magnetism. Magnetic induction, magnetic properties of matter - para, dia and ferro; magnetic materials. Static electric properties, electroscopes, electro static induction, methods of charging,; lightning and lightning conductors, earthing, current electricity, electric potential, Ohm’s law, resistance,; conductance, resistivity, conductivity, factors affecting resistance. Resistance in series, parallel, use of; voltmeter, galvanometer, ammeter, rheostat, Joule’s law of heating.

Electrolysis, voltameter, Faraday's law of electrolysis, chemical cells, solenoids, electromagnets,; electromagnetic induction, AC, DC Generators, electric motors, transmission of AC, self induction, mutual; induction, transformers, moving coil microphones, loud speaker.

Conductors, insulators, semi conductors, doping, different types of diodes and applications, transistor and; its applications, ICs.

Exothermic and endothermic reactions, electrolysis of water, energy changes in chemical reactions,; electroplating

Basic concepts, structure of atom , sub atomic particles - electrons, protons and neutrons,Rutherford’s; gold foil experiment, Atom models, Rutherford’s atom model, Bohr model of atom, electron shell model,; stability and electronic configuration

Properties - metallic luster, malleability, ductility, conducting property, sonority, corrosion - factors responsible; for corrosion, prevention of corrosion, reactions of metals with water, air and acids, Displacement reactions; of metals, reactivity series, iron - historical background, extraction using blast furnace, extraction of; aluminium from bauxite

Definition, components of a solution, water as universal solvent, suspensions, concentration of a solution,; solubility, super saturated solution; 3/17; Syllabus - Category III

Definition, properties, artificial drinks, chemicals used in soft drinks

Three states of matter and their characteristic properties, surface tension, cohesive force and adhesive; force, capillarity, capillarity rise and capillarity dip, applications of surface tension and capillarity.

Classification of matter, mixtures and pure substances, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, methods; of separation of mixtures - filtration, sedimentation, decantation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional; distillation, differential extraction using separating funnel, chromatography.

Early attempts of classification of elements, Mendeleev’s periodic table, periodic law, merits and demerits.; Modern periodic table - Moseley’s periodic law, nature of elements and electronic structure, valency,; representative elements, transition elements, sub shell electronic configuration, classification of elements; into blocks (s, p, d & f) and their characteristics.; Periodic trends in properties of elements - Atomic size, number of shells, number of valence electrons,; electro negativity, ionisation energy, electro positivity, metallic and non-metallic character

Octet rule, ionic bond and covalent bond, valency and electro negativity, difference in the formation of; compounds, comparison of the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds, representation of; chemical reactions using chemical formula and chemical equation.

Non metals in food, water and air, reaction of non-metals with oxygen; Oxygen - Allotropes of oxygen, methods of preparation, uses of oxygen, respiration,; combustion and photo synthesis; Nitrogen - Position in periodic table, inert nature of nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, nitrogenous; fertilizers - merits and demerits; Ammonia - Laboratory preparation, manufacture of ammonia by Haber process, nitrogen; cycle; Hydrogen - Properties, methods of preparation, hydrogen as future fuel-merits and demerits; Chlorine - Position in periodic table, properties, bleaching action; Hydrogen chloride - Laboratory preparation, properties, environmental problems of chlorine compounds; Carbon - Unique nature, allotropes, important compounds, carbon cycle, green house effect,; global warming

Classification, catenation, tetra covalency of carbon

Constituents of soil and plant growth, acidity of soil, properties of acids, pH, Properties of alkalies,; neutralisation, properties of salts - their naming and importance, fertilizers - merits and demerits

Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Combined gas equation, Avogadro’s law

Factors influencing rate of reaction - concentration, surface area, temperature and presence of catalyst.; Mole Concept -Atomic mass and molecular mass, Avogadro’s law and mole concept, gram atom and; gram molecule, mole concept and balanced chemical equations; 3/18; Syllabus - Category III

Science and its development in India - Science teaching as a process - product and contributions of; eminent Indian scientists - developing scientific attitude.; Aims and objectives of teaching Physical Science; Objectives of science teaching as envisaged in National Curriculum Framework (2005) - Values; (practical, disciplinary, recreational etc) to be attained.; Taxonomy of educational objectives - Bloom, Yager - science process skills - developmental; strategies.; Theoretical basis of science teaching and learning.; Cognitive theories - Piaget, Bruner, Gagne - constructivist learning - Vygotsky, generating; knowledge - experiential learning - scope and limitation - reflection - a basic process from; learning experience - problem based learning.; Planning science teaching and learning, unit plan, lesson plan - strengthening instruction by means of; A-V aids, video lessons and computer assisted lessons.; Models of teaching - characteristics - science process models, information processing models -; concept attainment model, inquiry training model, constructivist model.; Methods and strategies for teaching and learning Physical Science - direct and indirect, inductive,; deductive, guided discovery, enquiry, investigatory and constructivist methods of instruction - scientific; method.; Approaches - integrated, interdisciplinary, environmental, problem solving and scientific process; approach - behaviorist approach and constructivist approach.; Science curriculum - modern trends in curriculum construction - concept of correlation - features of; a science textbook. Workbook for pupils and handbook for teachers.; Role of science laboratories, libraries, science clubs, science museums, fairs etc in promoting science; learning.; Tools and Techniques of evaluation in science learning - objective based - formative, summative,; continuous and comprehensive evaluation, achievement tests - construction and administration -; diagnostic testing, remedial teaching - objective type tests - advantages, new trends in evaluation; grading, question bank.; Professional development of teachers, strategies.

Characteristics of living things - Classification - Binomial nomenclature - Taxonomical aids

History - Two kingdom classification - Five Kingdom Classification - Different Kingdoms-; Characteristics, Examples -Lichens and Viruses

Algae - Bryophytes - Pteridophytes - Gymnosperms - Angiosperms - Life Cycle-types

Non chordates - Chordates

Root System- Structure, Function and Modifications with examples -Shoot system - Structure,; function and modification with examples - Leaf - Arrangement, Modifications - Flower - Inflorescence; Fruits and seeds.; 3/19; Syllabus - Category III

Cell - Structure and functions of different organanelles - Mitosis, Meiosis and significance.

Cell, tissues, types of tissues and function - Anatomy of stem, Root and leaf - 2o thickening in Dicot; plants.

Nutrition in human and other organism, eg: Hydra, Amoeba, Tapeworm - Human digestion and; absorption - Human Respiratory system - Human Respiratory pathway CO2 elimination, Respiration; in other organisms, eg: Earthworm, Cockroach - Circulatory system - Open and closed system -; Human heart - Human circulatory system - Human blood - Lymph - Human cardio vascular disorders; Excretory system and excretion - Excretion in lower organisms - Body structure and movement -; Human skeletal system - Exo skeletan and endo skeleton - Joints - Locomotion in lower forms of; organisms - Flight adaptation of birds - Aquatic adaptations of fishes - Human Nervous systems -; Central and peripheral nervous system - Reflex action - Sense organs and functions - Nervous; disorders - Nervous system of lower groups organisms - Reproductive system - Sexual and asexual; reproduction - Human reproductive system - Gametogenesis - Fertilisation - Embryogenesis -; Hormones in reproduction -Reproduction in lower group organisms - Infertility - Assisted; reproductive techniques - Chemical Co-ordination - Hormones, Pheromones.

Population Explosion - Contraceptive - Assisted Reproductive techniques - Sexually transmitted; diseases.

Common diseases in humans - Transmission of diseases - Physical, mental and social health -; Importance of balanced diet - Deficiency disorders - Life style diseases - Malnutrition, Food; adulteration - Different diagnostic techniques - Antibiotics - First Aid - Blood Donation - Immunity -; Vaccination - Immune disorders - Different systems of treatment - Cancer - Drugs and Alcohol; Abuse.

Life span - Asexual reproduction - examples - Sexual Reproduction - stages.

Flower parts - Micro sporogenesis - Megasporogenesis - Pollination - Fertilization - Fruit development; Seed development - Parthenocarpy and Apomixis.

Physical phenomenon like Osmosis, Diffusion, Imbibition - Ascent of sap- Different theories -; Transpiration and Guttation.

Mineral and Non mineral nutrients - Essential and Non essential nutrients - Source and functions of; essential nutrients - Deficiency symptoms - Hydroponics and Aeroponics - N2 metabolism in plants; Biological N2 Fixation.

Chloroplasts and chlorophyll - structure and function - Light phase Reaction - Dark phase Reaction; C3 and C4 plants.; 3/20; Syllabus - Category III

aerobic, anaerobic - Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport system - Respiration as an amphibolic; pathway.

Plant hormones - Various types of plant movements - Vernalisation and Photoperiodism.

Mendalian laws - Monohybrid cross - Dihybrid Cross - Test cross - Co-dominance - Multiple allelism; Genetic disorders.

Structure of DNA - DNA replication - Transcription - Translation - Genetic code - Mutation - Sex; determination in humans - Human genome project - DNA finger printing.

Animal husbandry - Poultry, Pisciculture, Sericulture - Animal breeding - Plant breeding - Tissue; culture - Breeding for disease resistance, pest resistance.

Genetic engineering - DNA technology - steps and procedure - Vectors- types and examples - Bio; reactors - types and uses - Down streaming - Applications in Agriculture - Applications in pest; resistance - Applications in insulin formation - Gene therapy - Genetically modified organisms (GMOs); Transgenic plants and Animals.

Growth of micro oraganisms - Microbes in sewage treatment - Microbes as bio-control agents -; Microbes as bio-fertilisers.

Species, population, community concepts - Abiotic factors- soil, water, light and temperature - Biotic; factors - producer, consumer and decomposers - Food chain, food web, ecological pyramids - Ecological; interactions - Bio geo chemical cycles - Ecological successions.

Pollution - Water, air, soil, sound and radio active - Causes, effects and control measures - Green; house effect - Global warming- causes, effect and control.

Origin of life Theories of evolution - Evidences of evolution - Geological time scale - Mechanism of; evolution - Origin and evolution of man

Bio Diversity - Conservation of Bio Diversity.

a. Learning to learn, b. Learning to do, c. Learning to live together, d. Learning to be.

Broad national goals - objectives of science teaching as envisaged in NCF - 2005.; 3/21; Syllabus - Category III

a. Knowledge domain, b. Process domain, c. Creativity domain, d. Attitudinal domain, e. Application; domain.

Science as a process and product - Process skills in science.

Concentric curriculum - Spiral curriculum - Principles of curriculum construction - Difference between; curriculum and syllabus.

Classroom implications of constructivism and critical pedagogy - Meaning of pedagogic analysis -; Importance of pedagogic analysis - Year planning, unit planning, lesson planning.

Lecture method - Lecture cum Demonstration - Project method - Experimental method - Heuristic; method - Dalton plan - Biography method - Inductive method - Deductive method.

Importance of using teaching -learning aids - Multisensory approach - Science lab and importance of; practical work - Science library - Science fair - Field trips - Science textbook - Teachers handbook; VICTERS - IT@school project.

Construction of achievement test - Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE, CE & TE) -; Grading.

NCTE - NCERT - SCERT - Programmes for the professional development of teachers.

The examination will be broadly based on the topics prescribed for classes 8 - 10 in Kerala state syllabus for Mathematics but some problems may have links to extension of these concepts to the graduate level. The details are given below: 1. Content 50 Questions

Real number system; modulus of numbers - distance between two numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, infinite decimal representation. Sequences and series : Problems relating to arithmetic progression and geometric progression.

Solutions of two equations in two variables; Quadratic equations, basic operations in polynomials, factor theorem, reminder theorem, binomial theorem for positive integral index. 3/22 Syllabus - Category III

Similar triangles, trigonometric measures, problems on heights and distances, geometric problems using trigonometry, properties and solutions of triangles using sine and cosine laws, radian and degree measures.

Circles : Central angle theorem, angles in the same segment, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents, angle between tangent and chord. Perimeter and area of circles, length of arcs and area of sectors. Solids : V olume and surface area of prisms, pyramids, cylinder, cone and sphere. Co-ordinate Geometry : Co-ordinates, distance formula, slope and equation of a line, slope of parallel and perpendicular lines, perpendicular distance from a point to a line, external and internal division of line segment, equation of a circle with given radius and centre. Conic sections : Basic concepts and related problems. Graphs of elementary function such as polynomials, absolute values, trigonometric functions.

Frequency distribution, classification and tabulation of data, graphical representation of data and frequency distributions, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Basic concepts and problems on probability. Idea of conditional probability.

Meaning, language, characteristics, significance, practical utility, curricular considerations and psychological considerations.

Historical development of Mathematics, latest developments in Mathematics, eminent Mathematicians and their contributions

Aims and objectives of learning Mathematics at secondary school level, correlation of Mathematics with life, with other subjects and correlation among various branches of Mathematics. Values of teaching Mathematics. Planning of teaching at different stages.

Importance of constructivist learning; Concept of learning to learn; concretisation of abstract ideas using learning aids, activities and illustrations; Techniques of individualizing instruction in Mathematics.

Learning theories of Piaget, Burner and Gagne and the implications of these theories in the teaching of Mathematics, Learner centeredness.

Models of teaching, process oriented strategies - projects, seminars, field trips, debates etc. Methods of teaching - Inductive method, deductive method, analytic method, synthetic method, laboratory method, project method, problem solving method, heuristic method. 3/23 Syllabus - Category III

Textbooks, handbooks, workbooks, qualities of good mathematics textbook and learning aids.

Mathematics club, laboratory, library, organization of Mathematics fair;

Continuous and comprehensive evaluation, grading the performance, achievement test, diagnostic test, diagnosis and remediation, qualities of a good achievement test, types of test items.

Pre - history, Megalithic monuments, Sangam age, Tinais, Kulasekharas; Advent of Europeans, Mysorean Invasion, Rise of British power, Resistance against the British -; Pazhassi Raja, Veluthampi, Paliyathachan, Kurichya Revolt, Agrarian struggles in Malabar; Social reform movements and leaders; National movement in Kerala, Aikya Kerala Movement and the formation of the state; Progress in Education and Health

Pre - historic period, Harappan culture, Vedic Age, Rise of new religions, Janapadas, Mauryan; Empire, Age of Guptas and Vardhanas, Feudalism; Delhi Sulthanate - Social, Political, Economic and Cultural life; Mughal Empire - Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Life; Rise of British Rule, Economic impact, Land Revenue Policy; Resistance against the British, Revolt of 1857; Emergence of Nationalism, Indian National Congress, Different phases of India’s national movement,; Indian Independence; Integration of princely states, Linguistic reorganization, Foreign policy, Economic planning, Progress; in Education, Science and Technology

Pre - history, Ancient Civilizations - Egypt, Mesopotomia, China, Greece, Rome; Religions - Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Zorastranism; Feudalism; Renaissance, Geographical discoveries, Reformation; Glorious revolution, American War of Independence, French Revolution, Napoleon, Industrial and; Agrarian Revolutions, Capitalism and Socialism; Imperialism, First World War, Russian Revolution, Fascism and Nazism, Second World War, Chinese; Revolution, Cold War, Liberation of Vietnam and South Africa, Disintegration of Soviet Union; 3/24; Syllabus - Category III

Structure and composition - Atmospheric temperature and its distribution - Global Pressure belts; and planetary winds - Temperature zones and seasons - Forms of condensation and precipitation -; Atmospheric pollution and ozone depletion - Global warming and climatic change - Changes in the; atmosphere due to the intervention of man

Interior of the earth - Plate movements, earthquakes, volcanoes - Weathering and its types - Mountains,; plateaus, plains - Major landforms by running water, wind, wave and glacier - Changes in the lithosphere; due to the intervention of man

Distribution of water on the earth - Movements of ocean water – waves, tides, currents - Underground; water, rain water harvesting - Changes in the hydrosphere due to the intervention of man

Remote sensing - Geographic information system

Physiography, climate, vegetation, soil, minerals, agriculture & industries

Physical aspects – Location, physiography, climate, drainage, soil and vegetation; Economic aspects – Major crops, agriculture, industries and transport; Human aspects – ♦ Population – distribution, density, growth and sex-ratio; ♦ Migration and settlements

Map scale, direction - Conventional signs and symbols - Latitude, longitude, longitude and time -; Types of maps, Topographical maps

Characteristics of Growth and Development - Human development Index and its components -; Sustainable Development - India

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors - Sectors and its contribution to National Income - Role of; public, private and joint sectors in development - Food Security - India and Kerala

Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed economy -Classification of Government revenue and expenditure; Budget - concepts, types, expenditure classification in budgets - India and Kerala

India’s Financial System - Banking and Non-banking Financial Institutions in India - Nationalisation; of Banks in India - Development banks - RBI & Monitory regulations

Globalisation, Liberalisation and Privatisation - Multi National Corporations -Foreign capital -; Types and Features - International Economic Institutions - IMF, IBRD, G ATT, WTO, ADB; 3/25; Syllabus - Category III

Direct and Indirect - Direct Democratic Devices - Democracy in India: Recent Trends and Challenges

(A) Constitution of India; Constituent Assembly - Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles; of State Policy, Federal and Unitary features - Division of Powers - Amendment Procedure; (B) Government: Union and State; Legislature: Parliament and State Legislatures; Executive : President, Vice President, Governor, Prime Minister, Chief Minister and Council; of Ministers; Judiciary : Supreme Court, High Court, Subordinate Courts, Judicial Activism, Public Interest; Litigation

Panchayati Raj and Nagara Palika systems

Political Parties and Party System - National and State Parties - Election Commission of India -; State Election Commission

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) - National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) -; State Human Rights Commission

(A) United Nations Organisation; Organisation, Organs and Objectives - Specialized Agencies - WTO, WHO, UNESCO, IMF; & World Bank - UN’s Environmental Summits and Conferences; (B) Regional Associations; NAM, SAARC, ASEAN

Meaning, Nature, Scope, Importance and Correlation - National goals, Aims, Objectives and Values; of instruction - Taxonomy of instructional objectives and specific outcomes of learning - Pedagogical; analysis - objectives, advantages and dimensions - Planning of instruction - Importance, stages and; principles -Methods, approaches and principles of instruction-traditional Vs modern -Instructional; strategies - Criticism for selection, characteristics and principles - Characteristics, elements and; families of models of teaching - Curriculum - modern trends, principles and organizational approaches; Learning resources and co-curricular activities in learning - Learner needs and types of learning -; Basic requirements of learning - process skills, prerequisites and student skills -; Evaluation - Purpose, modern trends and principles - Types of tests/questions - merits and demerits; Social science Teacher - qualities, qualifications and professionalism

3 /18 Syllabus - Category IV This section has two parts. First part (50 MCQs) intents to text comprehension, Inference , Verbal ability, Applied grammar and Understanding of history of classical and modern Arabic literature. The second part (30 MCQs) tests the awareness of pedagogy of language learning and development. Each MCQ carries one mark.

Arabic language¡V its history, characteristics, literature and its importance - Classical and Modern: General overview (10 Marks); Influence of Holly Quran and Hadith Shareef in Arabic literature. (5 Marks); Comprehension based on one unseen passage and poem lines (10 Marks); Applied Grammar, Rhetoric and Prosody (15 Marks); Arabic Text books and Hand books from STD 1 to STD 8 of state schools of Kerala (10 Marks)

Language learning and acquisition; Basic language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing; Communication skills; Methods of Teaching Arabic - Traditional and modern; Teaching of grammar - modern view on the role of grammar; Teaching languages in diverse class rooms, differently abled children: Problems and Challenges; Teaching, learning materials, text books, hand books, and Multimedia; Evaluation: CCE, Terminal Evaluation; Lesson planning - its important and modalities 4/18 Syllabus - Category IV

a) Definition, aims and objectives of Physical Education - Scope and nature of Physical Education-; Modern concept of Physical Education and its inter-disciplinary approach- Sports Sciences including; Sports Medicine, Biomechanics, Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology, Sports Psychology.; b) Biological Principles - Biological basis of life, Growth and development, Biped position, Individual; differences- Heredity and environment- Sex differences- Body types- Anatomical age- Physiological; age- Chronological age and mental age.; c) Philosophical Principles: Philosophy- meaning and nature- Educational philosophy applied to Physical; Education - Naturalism, idealism, pragmatism, realism, existentialism- Contribution of following; educational philosophers- Rousseau, Froebel, Dewey, Gandhiji and Tagore.; d) History: Physical Education in ancient Greece, Rome - Physical Education in ancient India- Vedic; period and epic period- National Sports Awards- SAI, NSNIS, NYK, PYKKA, TPFP- Ancient and; modern Olympics games, Asian games, Common wealth games and SAF games, Youth Olympic; Games (YOG).

Meaning, Importance and scope of management - Principles and guidelines of management- Skills of; management- Management structure for Physical Education and Sports programmes (SAI, SGFI,; KSSC,IOA) - Facility management- Playfield preparation, layout and maintenance - Purchase, Care,; maintenance and repair of equipment- Planning and budgeting - Storekeeping- Stock register- Stock; verification.

a) Cell, Tissue, organ and system, cell divisions - Structure and functions of blood- Classifications and; functions of bones- Structural and functional classification of muscles- Cardiac and smooth muscles-; Definition and classification of joints.; b) Physiology: Digestion, absorption and transportation of nutrients, Organs associated with excretion; and their functions- Structure of neuron- Functions of important parts of nervous system (brain and; spinal cord)- Secretions and functions of endocrine glands (Pituitary and thyroid)- Functions of; sense organs (skin, eye, nose, tongue and ear)- Cardiac output - Stroke volume - Heart rate- Venous; Return - Blood pressure - Vital capacity - Tidal volume - VO2max -BMI-BMR- Aerobic and; anaerobic activities- Oxygen debt- Second wind.; c) Kinesiology and Biomechanics: Definitions and role of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Physical; Education and Sports- Fundamental and anatomical positions- Orientation of planes and axes of; motion- Fundamental joint movements and related muscles- Types of muscular contraction- Definition; and brief explanation of following terms: mass, weight, force, motion and its types, equilibrium,; friction and momentum, levers and its types, anatomical levers, Newton's laws of motion, speed,; velocity, acceleration, spin, water buoyancy, centrifugal and centripetal force, work, power and energy,; centre of gravity, pressure, moment of force, moment of inertia, projectiles, momentum and impulse,; impact and elasticity, air resistance and water resistance.

a) Psychology: Definition and nature of Psychology- Branches of Psychology-Educational and Sports; psychology- Methods of Psychology- Learning- Definition, types and nature of learning- Laws of; learning- Transfer of learning- Motivation- Personality- Personality and sports performance-; Competition anxiety and its causes and ways to overcome competitive anxiety.; 12/18; Syllabus - Category IV; b) Sociology: Nature and scope of sociology- Socialization- Social stratification- Social control- Groups,; crowds and public- Values of sports in society- Sports and mass media- Sports and politics- Role of; sports in national integration and world peace.

a) Health Education: Definitions, determinants and spectrum of health, Communicable diseases- disease; cycle, method of disease transmission- immunity- concept of hygiene- community health- Nutrition-; Classification of foods- Proximate principles - important sources and functions of vitamins and; minerals- Balanced diet- Under nutrition- Malnutrition- Lifestyle diseases: Type II diabetics,; Hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity, heart diseases.; b) First-Aid: Definition, Principles of first-aid- Wounds, types and its management- Common sports; injuries and its management- CPR- RICE- ABC of first-aid- First-aid for burns, scalds, animal bite,; snake bite, heat stroke, drowning- Electric shock- Safety at home- safety at school- Safety at sports; and Physical Education.; c) Corrective Physical Education: Definition and concept of posture- disadvantages and causes of bad; posture- Types of postural deviations and its causes- Khyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, knock-knees,; bow-legs, flat foot- Massage and its classifications- Principles of prevention of injuries- treatment of; postural deviation through corrective excercises.; d) Adapted Physical Education: Definition of disabling conditions - Desigining Physical Education; programmes for differently abled students - Benefits of Physical Education for students with disabilities; Recreational sports opportunities- Competition opportunities: Paralympics - Classification of disability:; Physical disabilities, Mental retardation, Visual impairment, Hearing impairment , Behavioral disorders,; Characteristics and functional limitations of the above disabilities

Definitions and Functions of Education - Types of Education- Formal, Informal and Non-formal education; Principles of teaching - Teaching Methods in Physical education: Lecture Method, Command Method; , Demonstration Method, Imitation Method, Project Method, Discussion Method, Group Directed Practice; Method, Dramatisation, At Will Method, Set Drill Method , Whole Method, Part Method, Whole-Part-; Whole Method, Stage-Whole Method- Presentation Techniques : Meaning Importance and step involved; in presentation, Preparation-Personal and Technical, Command-Its types, command used in different; situations, Formation-Its types, and situations for using different formations, Class Management-Meaning; and Principles, Practice Teaching, Micro Teaching- Educational Technologies: Importance of teaching; aids, Criteria in selecting teaching aids, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Physical; Education. Lesson Planning: Meaning and objectives of Lesson Plan, Principles of Lesson Plan, Types; and parts of lesson plan - Tournaments: Types of Tournaments, Types of fixtures, Organisation of; tournaments, Event Management. - Intramurals: Objectives of intramural, Organisation of Intramural; competitions, Annual sports day - Extramurals: Objectives of extramural competitions.

a) Meaning of the terms: test, measurement and evaluation- -Need and importance of test, measurement; and evaluation in physical Education- Criteria in the selection of test - Scientific Authenticity, Validity,; Reliability , Objectivity, Norms , Administrative feasibility, Educational applications - Administration; of a testing programme- Duties before, during and after testing- Measurement of Cardio respiratory; function - Cooper's 12 minute Run/Walk test, Harvard's step test and its modifications -Measurement; of motor fitness- AAHPER physical fitness test battery, JCR test- Measurement of general motor; ability- Barrow motor ability test (Men), Scott Motor ability test (Women), Mc Cloys' general motor; ability test- Measurement of Strength -Kraus-Weber minimum muscular fitness test, Roger's physical; fitness index.; 13 /18; Syllabus - Category IV; Sport Skill Tests: Basketball: Johnson's basketball test, Knox basketball test - Football: AAHPER; football test, McDonald Soccer test- V olleyball: Brady volleyball test, AAHPER volleyball test -; Badminton: Lockhart and McPherson's test, French short-serve test - Tennis: Broer Miller test,; Dyer's test- Hockey: Friedel field hockey test- Frank-Tyson's Cricket skill tests.; b) Anthropometry: Girth measurements - Width measurements -Height and weight readings - Skinfold; measurements -Body composition and indices.; c) Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median and Mode)- Measures of Variability (; Range, Quartile Deviation and Standard Deviation).; d) Rules and measurements of selected games: Track & Field- Basketball- Football- V olleyball- Hockey-; Cricket- Shuttle Badminton-Table Tennis- Handball- Kho-Kho- Kabaddi-Swimming.

a) Definitions of conditioning, training, coaching and sports training- Objectives and principles of sports; training- Training load- Load adaptation process, super compensation, overload- signs and symptoms; of overload, remedial measures and methods of overcoming overload.; b) Physical Fitness: Definition of physical fitness, health-related physical fitness - skill/performance; related physical fitness - components of physical fitness.; c) Strength: Definition of strength - Types of strength - Factors determining strength - Methods of; strength training - Endurance : Definition of endurance - Classification of endurance - Factors; determining endurance - Methods of endurance training- Basic methods of conditioning- continuous; method, interval method, repetition method- Speed: Definition of speed - Types of speed abilities -; Factors determining speed - Methods of developing speed abilities- Speed barrier - Flexibility: Definition; of flexibility - Types of flexibility- Factors determining flexibility- Methods of flexibility training-; Coordinative abilities: Definition of coordinative abilities- Importance of coordinative abilities- Types; of coordinative abilities- Methods to develop coordinative abilities; d) Technical training: Definition of technique - Importance of technique- Process of technique learning; (phases of skill acquisition) - Methods of technique training- - Concept tactics and strategy- Periodical; cycles (micro, meso and macro cycles) - Principles of Planning- Periodisation- Definition of; periodisation , Importance of periodisation, Types of periodisation.; 14/18; Syllabus - Category IV

To develop an awareness of the basic principles of art in students so that they can articulate in Visual; language.

Picture plane, Picture frame, line, shape, texture, Pigments, Various Media and materials, colour theory,; composition, characteristics of space, volume, dimensions, Geometrical space, perceptual space, conceptual; space, Space volume as medium of experience and expression in sculpture and perspective principles.

Proportion, balance, harmony, Rhythm unity of form and composition. Art and its primitive beginnings,; prehistoric cave paintings of Europe and India.

Indus valley civilization and its sculptures and monuments. Mauryan Art:--Buddhists Stupas and pillars-; Evolution of Buddha image-Ajanta paintings. Gupta architecture and sculpture. Post-Gupta period-; Medieval Hindu Temples, Chola, Pandya, Pallava, Kerala Murals and Folk and Ritual art of Kerala.

Pre-historic art :-Altamira -- Paleolithic Painting & Sculpture- Neolithic Pottery -- Magico-religious; function of art; Greek Art- Roman architecture and sculpture-Early Christian Art-Byzantine art Art of the middle ages-; Gothic art. Renaissance in Italy and Northern European countries-Leonardo da vinci, Michael Angelo,; Raphael, Dutch realists of 17th Century, Romanticism, "Realism" in 19th Century; Impressionism-- Post impressionism -- Fauvism, Cubism--Expressionism-Futurism-abstraction-surrealism-; Dadaism-Pop art, post modern art -Installations- Public art practices- contemporary art scene.

Scope, role and nature of art education in School curriculum-- the rationale for including art subject; supplementing learning process to see overall how it affect personality development.; Method of imparting the skill-; Constructive method: practical work-concept formation-Imagination; 1. History of art and Ideas: ( to be narrated in story-telling style); 2. Simple introduction to some important aesthetic concepts; 3. Description of great works of art stressing their significance of form-and- content relationship.; 4. Arrange reproductions or electronic images of works of art and hold discussions on them -- motivate; students to look at works and encourage them to interpret the works in their own words.; 5. Introduce to the students simple pieces of description about a work written by noted art-writers and; make them learn how to talk about/write about a work of painting or sculpture, stressing the form,; content and meaning of the work.; 15 /18; Syllabus - Category IV

Different types of sewing machine - Hand, treadle, electrical, over lock; Parts of sewing machine and functions; Care and maintenance; Common problems and remedies while sewing; Special attachments

Measuring, Drafting, Cutting, Stitching, Pressing

Measurement of human body and its importance; Dress form; Eight head and ten head theory; Measurement chart & relation of measurement

Precautions in making patterns, Lay out, grading, spec sheet; Precautions in cutting cloth - texture based and design based

Tacking, running, hemming, back, button hole, herring bone, over casting…..

Seams, darts, tucks, pleats, ruffles, gathers, smocking; Hemmed opening, continous opening, simple placket, mitred opening, fly opening, bound opening,; shirt opening; Buttonholes, buttons, hooks, eyes, zip, tape loops, rouleau loops; Facing, Binding, Piping

Introduction to textiles; Classification of fibres - Natural and manmade; Yarn manufacturing process, yarn particulars; Different types of sewing threads, properties of sewing thread

Features of looms - types of looms - weaving process

Warp, weft, EPI, PPI selvedge, cloth width, weaving designs

Singeing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, sanforising, dyeing, printing, calendaring, shrinking, weighing,; napping, glazing, embossing, moireing; Roller printing, screen, block, stencil, spray, direct, discharge, resist; Common dyes, methods and styles of dyeing

History of clothing; Cotton, silk, linen, woolen, shiffon, net, rayon, polyester, nylon, velvet, canvas; Selection of Fabrics according to climate, age, occupation, religion, cultural, political, festival; Clothing care - Stains removal, laundry; Different Types of mending, darning, patching; 16/18; Syllabus - Category IV

Cross back, fly, lapels etc

Basic stitches, patterns, knowledge of tools

Basic stitches, knowledge of tools

Hand embroidery tools; Stitches and usage - Out line stitches, chain stitches, border stitches, marking stitches, decorative; stitches and ornamentation stitches; Design Transferring - Pouncing method, carbon, direct; Design Enlarging and Reducing - Square method, diagonal method; Cut work, aplique work, shadow work, drawn thread work, mirror work, beads work, sequence; work

Primary colours, secondary colours, tertiary colours, warm and cool colours, colour wheel

Scope, role and nature of art and craft education in school curriculum – the rationale for including; craft subject – supplementing learning process – overall personality development; Method of imparting the skill – constructive method – practical work – concept formation – imagination; instructional aids – use of audio visual equipments – practical records and albums – field visit –; lesson planning – unit planning; Directing learner interest – approach; Trends and development in garment manufacturing – Socio economic considerations of fashion –; fashion designers – India and abroad; Publications in the craft – books and journals – national level institutes in garment manufacturing; education – NIFT – institutes involved in framing quality norms in the craft – ATIRA, NITRA; Evaluation – Constructing practical tests, assessing the skills.; 17 /18; Syllabus - Category IV

Origin of music; Margi - Desi; Evaluation of Scales; Forms in sacred music, their evaluation; Music in Vedic Period; Udatha - Anudatha - ...; Natya Sasthra by Bharathamuni, Bhrahdessi by Mathangamunni; Sangeetharatnakara - by Sarangadevan; Swaramelakalanidhi by Ramamathyar; Curriculum by Purandaradasa in mayamalavagowla Raga; Pre and post period of Trinity; Ashtapathy of Jayadeva; Bifurcation of Indian music as Hindustani and Karnatic music.; Seats of music; Madura, Tanjur, Mysore, Travancore; LIFE SKETCH; Thyagaraja, Deekshithar, Syamasasthri , Purandara dasar, Kshathrajnar,Narayanatheerthar, Jayadevar,; Arunagiri nathar, Maharaja Swathithirunal Mahakavi Kuttamath, Kuttikunnjithankachi, Eravivarman; thambi, K.C Kesava pilla, Papanasam Sivan, Neelakanda Sivan,

Musical Terminology; Naada, Swara, Sruthi, Vadi, Samvadi, Vivadi, Anuvadi, Sthayi, Gruha, Jeeva, Nyasa, Amsa, Raga,; Gamaka, Notation, ....; Musical Forms; Geetha, Jathiswaram, Swarajathi, Thanavarnam, Daruvarnam,Padavarnam, Krithi, Keerthanam,; Padam, Ragamalika, Javali, Thillana, Thirupukal, ......; Ragalaekshanam; Mayamalavagoula , Kalyani, Hamasadwani, Sankarabharanam, Hindolam, Mohanam, Saveri, Thodi,; Panthuvarali, Keeravani, Kharaharapriya, Chakravakam, Bilahari, Aarabhi, Vasantha, Abhogi, Kamboji,; Bhairavi, Poorvikalyani, Madhyamavathi; Sruthibhedha, 22 Sruthis, Dasavidagamagas, 72 Melakartha ragam Kadapayadi, Bhoothasankhya; Origin and development of Thala; Sapthathala; Scheme of 35 Thala, Jathi, Gathi, Angas, Shadanga, Dasaprana.; Desadi -Madyadi Thala; Chapputhala and its varities; RecentTrends and development in music; Light music, film songs, Patriotic songs, Festival songs, Fution music, Karokea music, Music theraphy,; Influence of Carnatic music on Kathakali music , Influence of Hinduathsni music on Carnatic Music; 18/18; Syllabus - Category IV

Classification of musical instruments; String; Wind; Percussion; Origin and development of musical instruments; Construction of musical instruments; Playing techniques; Musical Instruments; Thambura, Veena, violin, flute, mridangam, Chenda, Khanjira, Maddalam, Edakka, Thimila, Kombu,; Kuzhal, Gottuvadyam, Ghatam, Thavil, Nadaswram.

Devotional song; Festival Song; Agricultural Song; Vanchipattu; Tharattupattu(Cardle Song, Lulleby ); Nadanpattukal; Traditional ritual Songs

Approach to learning of music; Process of teaching (Methodology); Teaching manual/Plan; Pedagogic Analysis

Out line Knowledge of personal computers, laptops and note book.; Internet, E-mail, Blog, World wide web Music sits, MP3, DVD's,recording